2020年人教新目标英语八年级下册unit7期末复习知识点归纳与练习

1、精品资料语法：形容词副词I.形容词一、形容词的一般用法1 .作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。It ' s a cold and windy day.2 .作表语，放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound .)He looks happy today.3 .形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink ?4 .表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放可在名词之后作后置定语。How long is the river ?

2、It ' s about two hundred metres long.5 .貌似副词的形容词(名词词尾加ly变来的形容词)：lonely； friendly ； lively ； lovely 二、形容词常用句型1. "It ' s +adj.+of+sb+式”表示 某人(做某事)怎么样 =Sb +be +adj+to do sth注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，用来描述不定式逻辑主语的本质特征.如good,kind , nice, polite , clever , foolish , lazy , careful, careless, ri

3、ght (正确的),wrong 等。It ' s very kind of you to help m& =You are very kind to help me.)2. "It ' s+adj.+for+sbK ”表示 做某事对某人来说怎么样=To do sth is adj for sb .注意：这句型中常用的形容词有important, necessary, difficult , easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful,pleasant, interesting , impossible等，用来强调对不定式逻辑主语的影

4、响。It ' s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)口副词副词的基本用法：1 .副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词，一般放在被修饰词之前.He plays the piano very well .2 .副词是用来修饰动词，常放在动词之后.He got up quickly3 .enough修夕a adj /adv时，放在其后.He is old enough to go to school .w、形容词，副词的比较级、最高级一、规

5、则变化1 .一般在词尾直接加 er 或 est, tall-taller-tallest , long-longer-longest2 .以不发音的字母 e结尾的单词在词尾直接加 r或st, nice-nicer-nicest3 .以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把 y变为i,再加er或est, heavy-heavier-heaviest4 .重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加 er或est, big-bigger-biggest注：大，红，湿，热悲，瘦，胖.双写末辅再变级.(big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat )5 .部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加

6、more构成比较级和 most构成最高级，beautiful-morebeautiful-most beautiful注:表示否定意义在其前加 less /leastimportant-less important-least importantEnglish is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .6 .由 形容词+ly '构成的副词 在其前加more/ mostslowly-more slowly-most slowly ； 但 early earlier-earlies

7、t二、不规则变化原级比较级最局级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold / elderold /eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther （距离）/further （程度）farthest /furthest下列单、双音节词只能加more和 most原级比较级最局级tiredmore tiredmost tiredpleasedmore pleasedmost pleasedoftenmore oftenmost oftenIV形容词，副词等级的用法一、原级的用法1 .修饰原级的词

8、，very, quite, so, too2 .原级常用的句型结构(1) A= BA+ as +adj / adv 的原级+ as +B,表示 “A和 B一样”Tom is as old as Kate. Tom runs as fast as Mike.(2) A<B-A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B表示 "A不如B”This room is not as/so big as that one. He doesn 'walk as sowly as you.二、比较级的用法1. 可以修饰比较级的词.much, a lot, far,的多 a little

9、 , a bit,一点儿 even 甚至,still 仍然Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before.2. 比较级常用的句型结构 甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示 甲比乙一" A or B? E匕较级+and+比较级”表示 越来越He is getting taller and taller.如果多音节词， more and more +多音节词“the比较级,the+比较级”表示 越,越”。The more careful you are, the fewer

10、 mistakes you ' ll make. 甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+ 裳示 甲是两者中较的”。(of the twins/parents )Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.3. 注意事项相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较.My pencil is longer than(you).比较时不能与自身相比注：当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时，为了与自身相比较，要用any other +单数名词.若两者不属于同一范围/类别时，不必用other,直接用any +单数名词.He

11、 is taller than boy in his class. He is taller than boy in our class .A.anyB.any other.有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that(单数、不可数名词)、those (复数名词)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。The weather in Beijing is colder than in Guangzhou in winter .The boys in our class are more than in your class .三.最高级的用法1) the + 最高级 of +all / the three+-+i

12、n +范围He is the tallest of all the boysHe works hardest in his class .注:副词的最高级前the可省掉2) .the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .3) .one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词He is one of the cleverest students in our class.4) .特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？ ”用于三者以上的比较。Which season do y

13、ou like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn?5)当adj的最高级前有物主代词，名词所有格，指示代词时，不用the .This is my best book of all.四.级别的转换1) .原级与比较级的转换a) .倍数+ as as 杂敏-1)+比较级+thanThis room is five times as big as that one =This room is bigger than that one .b) .not as场比较级的转换A +not as - as + B T：漪+级(反义词的比较级)+than +B f B+比

14、较级+than+AMary is not as old as Tom .= Mary is Tom.=Tom is Mary .This book is not as expensive as that one = This book is than that one=That book is than this one .2) .比较级与最高级的转换a) . the + 最高级 + of / in b) .同一范畴比较级 +than+any other +单数名词+the other +复数名词c)不同范畴比较级+than+any +单数名词d) Nobody else + 比较级 + th

15、an Tom is the tallest boy in our class . = Tom is taller than boy in our class.=is taller than Tom in our class.The you study, the you'll be in it.A. hard; interestedB. harder; interesting练习1. She isn ' t so at maths/as are.A. well B. goodC. better D. best2. The weather in Guangzhou is hotte

16、r than in Hardin.A. that B. it C. this D. one3. Bob jumps farther thanin his class.A. any other boys B. the other boys C. any boy D. another boy4. The pears in my basket are smaller than in Jim's.A. it B. thatC. onesD. those5. This piece of music is that piece.A.as popular B.not as popular as C.

17、so popular as6. The children are laughing.They look.A.happily; happy B.happily; happily C.happy; happily7. My room is bigger than.A.much, her B. very,hers C. much,hers8. Do you like English?Yes, but I think it ' s subject of all.A. the easiest B. the most difficult C. the most interesting9. Whic

18、h subject is, physics or chemistry?A. very intersting B. most interesting C. more interesting10. He feels today than yesterday.A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired11. Which do you like,tea or milk?A. the best B. better C. the better D. good12. Of the three toys, the child bought one.

19、A. the expensive B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive 13. The line is than that one.A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer14. Today is much than yesterday.A. wet B. weter C.wetter D. wettest15. She looks than she does.A. the more older B. ver

20、y older C. much older D. more older16. The garden is becoming.A. more beautiful and moreB. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifuler17. Tom runs than Jim.A. quicklier B. more quickly C. quicker D. more quicker18. Jim' s bag is than Kate ' s.A. bi

21、ger B. big C. biggest D. bigger19. That book is not so as this one.A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting 20. Lucy has more foreign friends than Lily.A. is B. has C. have D. does21. children there are in a family,their life will be.A. The less, the better B. T

22、he fewer, the better C. Fewer, richer22. Tokyo is larger than in India.A. any other cityB. any city C. the other city23. Cathy did quite in the exam. I did even.A. better, well B. well, well C. well, better23. Of the two boys, Tom is one. I think you can find him easily.A.taller B. the taller C. the

23、 tallest24. The computer is expensive than that one, but it works well.A. more B. less C. so25. Lanzhou is the only capital city that the Yellow River, the second river in China, passed through.A. longest B.long C.longer26. exercise you take,you ' ll be.A. The fewer, the fatterB. The less, the f

24、atterC. The less, the more fatter27. He never does his work Mary.A. as careful as B. so careful as C. as carefully as D. carefully as28. The pears in my basket are smaller than in Jim's.A. itB. thatC. onesD. those29. Claudia, your handwriting is much than before. Thank you.A. beautifulB. more be

25、autifulC. most beautiful30. He is of all.A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest1.1. Lucy writes as as Lily. They are both good students.A. more careful B. more carefully C. careful D. carefully32. Today is cold than yesterday. You neednour feawesnr coat.A. much B. more C. a little D. less33. Th

26、e box is big as that one.A. as twice B. twice as C. so twice D. twice so34. We are happy to see our city is developing these years than before.A. quickly B. the most quickly C. very quickly D. more quicklyPage 49-501. 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放可在名词之后作后置定语。How long is the river ? It ' s about two hundre

27、d metres long.2. in size在尺寸方面， 在大小方面3. in the world 在世界上4. of all所有的5. population 人口(1) population人口总数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。部分人口做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 问某地人口多少用 Whaf s the population of某地，人口多用 big, large ,人口少用 small。1 The population of the city( be ) about 3 million.the city?2 Two thirds of the population( be ) fa

28、rmers in the village.3 The population of Shanghai is than Tianjin.A: large, in B: large, that of C: bigger, it is in(2)某地人口有多少 The population of + 某地 +be + 数t= 某地 + has a population of + 数t.The population of India is about one billion.= India ha a population of about one billion.6. feel free to do s

29、th 随意做某事7. Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world?如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。Our teacher said that January(be) the first month of the year.Our teacher said that the earth(go) around the sun.8. on today's Great Wall tour关于 今天的长城之旅I ' ll have a test wring next week

30、.A at B of C on D in名词的所有格：A.'所有格。1) .用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加s. ”This is(Mary and Lily) bedroom .2) . 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时,这时分别在每个名词后加s. ”These are(Tom and Jack ) school bags .3) .以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加“不以s结尾的复数名词，仍加s"Teachers ' Day Children ' s Day4) .表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，

31、常在名词后加代表全称。at the doctor ' s at the Bob ' s5) .由 some> any、 no、 every 与 one、 body 结合的复合不定代词 something 、 anything 等和 else 连用 时，所有格应加在else的后面。This is(somebody else ) pencil .6) .表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可在词尾加睐构成所有格。an hour ' s ride two weeks ' time China ' s capitalB.of所有格：7) .of用来

32、表示无生命的名词所有格。the map of China the door of the room8) .双重所有格：of +名词所有格of +名词性的物住代词(1)He is a friend of my(brother ) . Is she a daughter of(you)?(2)Miss Black is a friend of, she always looks after my sister.A. Mary ' s mother ' R Mary ' s mother C. Mary mother ' s9) ) After the exam, w

33、e'll have holiday.A. two weeks B. two - weeks C. two weeks' D. two week' s(4)We must protect plants. They are friends of.A. weB. usC. ourD. ours(5)fathers can ' t go to the class meetingjs®daey have gone to business.A. Lucy and LilyA. Jack and Mike ' s B. Jack ' s and Mi

34、ke C. Jack and Mike D. Jack ' s and Mike (6) Whose room is this? It's.B. Lucy and Lily ' s C. Lucy ' s and Lily ' s9. other /the other /others /the others 的区别另一个1) one - the other 表示两者之间的一个2) some others 表示一些一叱3） another表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个 .只能修饰可数名词的单数. 但another堪数词+复数名词=基数词+ more +

35、复数名词 表示 “另外几个4）同一范畴 比较级+than+any other +单数名词/ +the other +复数名词不同范畴 比较级+than+any +单数名词Would you likeapple ?I have two brothers , one is a teacher ,is a worker . Some are cleaning the classroom ,are sweeping the window . There are 20 teachers in our school . Eight of them are men teachers ,andare wome

36、n teachers5）相互代词:each other, one another二者区别：前者表示两者间彼此相互，后者表示多者间俩俩相互.oneoneonethe others （ = the other +可复）（多数中的一个，剩余的全部 ）another another （ 一个，又一个，再一个 ）the other （两个中的一个是 one,另一个是the other ）somethe others （ = the other +可第）（一方为一些，另一方为剩余的全部OOOsomeothers（一方为一些，另一方为剩余的一部分1)- Is this your shoe? - Yes, b

37、ut where is?A. the other one B. other one C. another one D. the others2) Robert has gone to city and he' ll be back in a week.A. other B. the other C. another D. any other3) Taiwan is bigger than island in China.A. the other B. anyC. any other4) Some people like to stay at home, but like to go t

38、o the cinema.A. another B. other C. others5) Some students hope to enter the best universities while simply want to learn skills.A. the others B . others C. another D. the other6) If you want to get VIP card, you 'll have to pay fifty yuan.A.another B.more C.each7) -Have you finished your homewo

39、rk?-No, I need.A.two another hours B.another two hours C.more two hours10. as you can see正如你所看至U的11. as far as I know.据我所知12. protect ( v ) 保护protectionprotect our environment 保护环境13. tour ( n & v )旅游， 旅行tourist (n)游客-touristy (adj)吸引很多游客的 The mountain in our hometown isn 't very.I agree wit

40、h you. Few like to go sightseeing there.A.touristy, tourists B.touristy, tour C.tourists, touristy D.tourist, tourists Page511. mountain climbing 登山2. run along横亘，绵延3. include ( v )包括， 包含4. take in air吸进空气5. the first one to do sth第一个做某事的人Women and children are the first (take) to safety .6. reach /

41、 get to / arrive in / at 至U达1)arrive in + 大地点 / arrive at + 小地点=get to =reach + 2)若地点为地点副词时，则省掉介词in/ at /to3)若后面没有地点时，只能用arriveThey arrived Paris a winter evening.A at/in B to/on C in /on D in/at7. succeed (v)1) .词性：名词 success -#容词 successful 制tsuccessfully2) .动词：succeed (in ) doing sth成功做某事 ffail t

42、o do sth 做某事没有成功 She works so hard, so she will in the exam.A successful, pass B success, passing C succeed, passing D successful, passing 8. achive one ' s dreOm®梦想come true 与 achieve 的区另U：1) .come true :实现，达到 。主语常为物,无被动语态。2) .achieve:实现 主语为人。He has achieved his dream .=His dream has.9. hu

43、man 人类复数 humans German 德国人复数 GermansI saw some and dancing in the street the day before yesterday.A. Germen; Englishmen B. Germans; Englishmans C. Germans; Englishmen o10. even though = even if 即使11. most of / most1) .most of the +复数名词”中的大多数" 2).most +复数名词人多数的 .”the students are clever . studen

44、ts are clever.12. 1) include (v )包括， 包含2) including(prep)包括在内， 后接名词或代词。Many cities in China,Beijing, have been deeply affected by dirty air.A. including B. include C. without13. in the face of面对(问题,困难等)14. nature自然界， 大自然 -natural (adj)自然的Page 531. time1) 时间 What time is it? = What's the time? It

45、's + 时刻数。 几点了？2) 次数 once 一次，twice两次， )3次 基数词+times3)倍数表示“A比B长(宽、高、大、重等) N倍”时，其结构是“ A+be+基数词(N+1) +times+形容 词比较级+ than +B表示“ A的长度(宽度、高度、大小、重量等)是 B的N倍”，其结构是“ A+be+基数t( N)+times+as+形容词原级+ as+BThis room is five times as big as that one=This room is bigger than that one .2. at birth = when someone wa

46、s born 出生时date of birth = birthday 生 日3. live up to 20 to 30 years 活至U 20 至U 30 年4. up to 一直到，多达，至多有5. an adult 一个成年人Page541 . prepare for 为准备2 .名词作定语：1) .名词作定语时，一般用单数形式。There is a shoe factory near the school .2) .名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。(sport )The sports meeting will be held next week .3) .man、woman作定语表

47、示性别时，man、woman随后面的名词单复数而变。one man teacher two women teachersThere are 50 in our school . So we need to prepare 50 pairs of shoes.- Yes. Let ' s gWonhua Road to have a look . There are many along the road.A. woman teachers, shoes storesB. women teachers, shoes storesC. women teachers, shoe stores

48、 The old man dropped the and broke it.A. cup of coffeeB. coffee' s cupC. coffee cup3. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去4. walk into走路时撞着5. fall over 绊倒6. take care of = look after 照顾7. one's/形容词性物主代词 + own +名词 自己的 of one' s own!于某人自己的 my own house = a house of my own8. play with sb和某人一起玩9.

49、 one / it的区别one代替同类事物中的一种.而it代替上文中出现的某事物.This book is a good one . May I borrow it ?10. every two days每两天/ 每隔一天数词前加 every，表示每 /每隔every ten days =every ninth day 每十天（每隔九天）注:every +基数词+复数名词=every + （序数词-1） +单数名词11. die from / die ofdie from 由于-而死（原因常是来自夕卜界） , 常接这样的名词：a wound, an accident, over work, d

50、rinking,cancer-死于受伤、事故、工作过量、饮酒、癌症die of 因患-而死，后常加这样的名词：hunger, cold, illness, old age, a disease, cancer-死于饥饿、寒冷、 病、年老、疾病、癌症12. cut down 砍伐13. 通人 + spend + 时间/钱 + on sth / （in） doing sth.spend 有时可指 "度过"：spend holiday / weekends / winter sb spend -doing sth物+ cost + sb + 钱：若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是"：人 + pay + sb + 钱 + for sth ：（pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。切记for后接的是物，而不是人或钱。）人 +buy sth for sb（4 It + t