Chapter2课后题讲解

1、Chapter 2 课后题讲解 The leaders of the worlds 20 major economies on Friday ended a frequently rancorous two-day summit in this northeast Asian capital without reaching agreement on specific steps to avert damaging currency and trade wars. rancorous:憎恨的，怨恨的，充满敌意的 Trans.星期五，世界上20个主要经济体的领导人结束了在这座东北亚首都城市举行的

2、为期两天的峰会。各国争论不休，然而却没有就避免破坏性货币和贸易战争的具体措施达成一致意见。There were far more setbacks than gains, but President Obama suffered the biggest disappointment, falling short in his attempt to forge a unified approach to boosting the global economy. far morethan fall short in会议遭遇的挫折远多于收获，而奥巴马总统最为沮丧，其采取统一方法推动全球经济的努力未能

3、成功。In one blow, G-20 members refused to endorse a U.S. effort to force China to raise the value of its currency, prolonging a bitter dispute that many say could eventually lead to a global trade war. endorse：publicly support or approve of sth. e.g. I can endorse their opinion wholeheartedly. 20国集团成员

4、国突然拒绝支持美国迫使中国提高币值的尝试，延续了这场痛苦的争端，很多人认为争端最终会导致全球贸易战。Before world leaders left the city, they issued a watered-down statement agreeing merely to refrain from “competitive devaluation” of currencies. The joint statement described their intent to promote growth while balancing trade and exchange rates an

5、d avoiding protectionist policies in general. watered-down: 打折扣的e.g. The British government introduced a watered-down version of the proposals.在离开这座城市之前，各国领导人发表了一项打了折扣的声明，仅仅同意避免货币的“竞争性贬值”。这份联合声明大致描述了他们推动增长，并平衡贸易和汇率以及避免贸易保护主义政策的意图。U.S. officials described it as a substantial deal that will help relie

6、ve some of the pressure on countries suffering big trade deficits. But nations are under no binding obligation to follow the agreements. 美国官员称此为一份重要协议，将会帮助减轻一些承受巨额贸易逆差的国家的压力。但是各国并没有义务遵守这些协议。Substantial: large in amount or degree. Binding: a binding promise, agreement, or decision must be obeyed or c

7、arried out. In his final speech, Obama put a positive spin on a disappointing summit, saying that the worlds developed and developing economies have been successful in putting the global economy back on a path toward recovery. 在最后的讲话中，奥巴马对这次令人失望的峰会持积极态度，说世界上的发达国家和发展中国家已经成功地把世界经济引入通往复苏的道路。put aspin:

8、If someone puts a certain spin on an event or situation, they interpret it and try to present it in a particular way. 带倾向性的解释说明e.g. The campaign put a favorable spin on the story.那场竞选活动从那个故事中引申出了有利的政见.Yet he acknowledged that the summit nations risk slipping back into the old imbalances that contrib

9、uted to the global economic crisis. Still, he would not admit defeat in back-door meetings that often seemed on the verge of breaking into hostility. 但是他也承认参与峰会的各国可能重陷一种险境：引起本次全球经济危机的经济失衡。尽管如此，他不会承认在后门会议上遭遇的失败。这样的会议经常被认为是处于陷入敌对状态的边缘。1) risk: v.n. ; 2) 添词；3) 拆分He stressed that G-20 leaders made strid

10、es, including the development of a system to give the international community a mechanism to determine whether countries are engaging in unfair practices with their trading partners. 他强调二十国集团领袖们作出了巨大的努力，包括建立国际社会所要求的裁定当事国是否对贸易伙伴采取不公平做法的仲裁机制。1) _ It is slower than in the boom before the financial cris

11、is, but well above the worlds underlying speed limit of around 4%. D. This week the IMF predicted that global GDP should expand by 4.8% this year. Yet this respectable average hides a series of problems. 2)_ C. Most obviously, there is the gap between the vitality of the big emerging economies, some

12、 of which have been sprinting along at close to 10%, and the sluggishness of many rich ones. In the emerging world the macroeconomic errors come from . And emerging economies, as a group, still save more than they invest, which explains why global imbalances remain so big. 3)_E. poor countries, espe

13、cially young ones, ought in theory to invest more than they save, and so be a net source of demand for richer, older ones, all the more so when the latter are in bad shape. In the rich world the danger is the reverse: .4)_B. Rich countries are planning tax rises and spending cuts worth 1.25% Europes

14、 working-age population is about to start declining; Japans is already doing so. 5)_A. Even in America the ageing of the baby-boomers points to a slower-growing workforce. Reading Comprehension 1) Which of the following is an important reason for the American economys persistent weakness? A. New ris

15、ks.B. Damage to morale. C. Distrust in one another. D. John Maynard Keynes theory文中关键句: In a broad sense, damage to morale which John Maynard Keynes called “animal spirits”surely ranks as one of the most important reasons for the American economys persistent weakness. 2) According to the passage, th

16、e book Why Wages Dont Fall During a Recession focuses on _. A. the recession of 1999B. the recession of 1990-1999C. the recession of 1990-1991D. the recession of 2008-now 文中关键句：文中第四段it focuses on the recession of 1990-1991 and the long “jobless recovery” that followed it. 3) What is unusual about th

17、e market for labor compared with other productive factors? A. For other productive factors such as wheat, the price usually drops until the excess supply is mostly gone. B. Excess supply of labor shows up unemployment. C. Unlike factors of productions such as wheat or trucks, human beings dont have

18、morale issues. D. For labor market, excess supply can be prominent and persistent. 文中关键句： What is unusual about the market for labor is that excess supply, can be prominent and persistent. 4) The managers that Professor Bewley interviewed consistently told that _. A. they are concerned about both th

19、e emotional and physical state of their core employees. B. they are concerned about the emotional state of their core employees. C. they are concerned about the physical state of their core employees. D. they are concerned about he emotional state of all their employees. Paragraph 7: Professor Bewle

20、y The managers consistently told him that they are concerned about the emotional state of their core employees. 5) The underlined part in the sentence “they steel themselves against sentimentality” means _. A. become hard-hearted B. wrap themselves with wheelC. be equipped with steel D. fight agains

21、t steel yourself for/against sth.: to prepare yourself to deal with sth. unpleasant. 准备对付；下决心应付e.g. As they waited, she steeled herself for disappointment. 她等着的时候，就冷了心不指望了。 He steeled himself to tell them the truth. 他硬下心来把实情告诉了他们。6） Why do managers often lay off more people than necessary? A. To ens

22、ure that they dont have to repeat the ordeal anytime soon. B. To ensure that the remaining workers work harder. C. To cut down cost. D. because the remaining workers want to take extra work. 关键句: Unfortunately, managers often lay off more people than necessary, to ensure that they dont have to repea

23、t the ordeal anytime soon. 7) Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. directlyB. never C. indirectly D. are forbidden to get in touch with those remaining employees. 8) Which of the following will employees who stay employed not experience? A. Survivors guilt. B. Pain. C. Empathy with the less fortunate. D. Extravagant vocations.9) Which of the follow