2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十：科普知识与现代技术

1、2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案二十：科普知识与现代技术Part A ReadingPassage 1题材:科普实验词数:311建议时间:7分钟A build-it-yourself solar still（ 蒸储器）is one of the best ways toobtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readilyavailable.Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture,it ' s an excellent wa

2、ter collector.Unfortunately, you must carry thenecessary equipment with you, since it' s all but impossible to find naturalsubstitutes.The only components required, though, are a 55' sheet of x clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and acontainer perhaps just a drinking

3、cup- to catch the water.These piecescan be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a holefour feet across and three feet deep.Try to make the hole in a damp areato increase the water catcher s productivity.Place your cup

4、 in the deepestpart of the hole.Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all theway in the cup and the rest of the line runs up-and out the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet' s center down wit

5、h a rock.Theplastic should now form a cone（U 锥体）with 45-degree-angled sides.The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic.Ground water evaporate或发）and collects on the sheet unti

6、l small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup.When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won ' t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first para

7、graph?A. It ' s delicate.B. It ' spensive.C. It ' s complex.D. It ' s portable.2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher ” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.3. What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole

8、of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheets center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.4. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from.A. the plastic tubeB. outside the holeC. the open airD. beneath the sheetPassage 2题材:科普知识词数：311建议时间：8分钟Women are frie

9、ndly. But men are more competitive.Why?Researchers have found it' s all down to the hormoneoxytocin（荷尔蒙催生素）.Although known as the love hormone,it affects the sexes differently.“Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others.But men tend to be competitive.They are trying

10、to improve their social status, " said Professor Ryan.Generally,people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions（E 动）such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previou

11、s experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize frie

12、ndship.Professor Ryan ' s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin.The other half received placebo凄慰齐1J）.After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material.Following eac

13、h treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions.The questions were about telling friendship from competition.And their answers should be based on gestures,body language and facial expre

14、ssions.The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin,meri s ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.Professor Ryan thus concludd: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxyt

15、ocin can raise people ' s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions.And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors（!素）that are mainly hormonal.I.What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?A. Placebo.B. Oxytocin.C

16、. The gesture.D. The social status.2 .What can we learn from Professor Ryan' s previous experiment?A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others'success.D. Oxytocin im

17、proves our abilities to understand people' s behaviordifferences.3 .Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.B. To know the differences between friendship and competition.C. To know people ' s diffe

18、rent abilities to answer questions.D. To test people ' s understanding of bodyageg4 .The author develops the text by.A. explaining people ' s behaviorsB. describing his own experiencesC. distinguishing sexual differencesD. discussing research experimentsPart B Writing一、话题语料积累E. 话题词汇积累? g r?k

19、?lt?浜业，农艺，农学 ?$tr?n?min.天文学?ba?kem?strin.生物化学?b?t?nin.植物学i?k?l?d?in.生态学?i?k?豁t?mn.生态系统?fa?n?nsn.财政，金融? g a ?dn?比学?medsnn医学nju?tr?nn.营养,营养学st?TSt?<sn.统计学，统计表?l?r?t?7r)n.文学l ?n法律，法规，定律? g lrt,角度曲k?n?strk?nn.建造，建设;建筑物?b?trin.电池bi?mn.光线，波束?k?psju?ln 太空舱seln.细胞，蜂房，电池k?m?pju?t（r）n.计算机，电脑?de?bean.资料库，数据

20、库f?ksn.传真d?i?n.基因?makr?sk?pn.显微镜?makr?we?/n.微波?pl?n?tn.天行星. ?Zt?netn.互联网，因特网?r?b?tn.机器人?r?k幻n.火箭?s?t?la%n.人造卫星?kw$m?ntn.装备，设备?k?kri?tn 混凝土国?lek?tr?tin.电;电能?sa?sn.科学tek?n?d?in.技术?kj?r?sin.精确度，准确性前?eRp&n.领空®? g r?v?tinfe心引力，重力kl ?nv.无性繁殖，克隆k?mju?n?e?nn.表达，交流，通信手段d?Vel?pm?ntn.发展，开发©p?lu?n

21、.污染?redi?mn.镭pr?si?d?(?)n.程序，手续spe?sn.空间,?ju?n?sn宇宙tek?ni?kn技术;技巧F. 话题佳句积累We can send e-mails the Internet我们能通过因特网发 电子邮件。 The Internet is very(help) and is widely used in many fields.因特网非常有帮助而且在许多领域被广泛应用。When did this kind of car(invent)?这种汽车是什么时候 创造出来的？ Do you think there will be (robot) in people

22、' s home in the future?你认为将来人们的家中会有机器人吗？ moon moves around the earthl 亮绕着地球转。二、综合练习1 .词句练习(1)根据汉语提示完成句子 These students often(网上冲浪)through mobile phones.（与本目比）that one, this mobile phone issmaller.These books（占的地方太大）in the room.（发短消息）can save time.This kind of e-dictionary is （质量轻、体积 小、易于携带）. Hav

23、ing a mobile phone, I can talk with my friend over it（随时随地）I like.Unlike him, I（更喜欢电子词典）.This mobile phone can（伴有读音）,so you needn ' t read the message you get.This e-dictionary （有许多功能）. Many people like （高科技产品）.（2）翻译句子随着科技的发展，电脑越来越广泛地应用于许多领域。他们创造出一个新设计的旨在帮助人们做家务的机器人这种机器是由电脑控制的一旦你按下按钮，它就会帮你清洗碗碟。当

24、有新产品问世时，在它投入使用之前，一定要对它进行检验我最终决定进入数码时代，购买一部手机。近年来快递业在中国发展很快。2 .段落练习调整下列句子的顺序，使其成为一篇由两个自然段构成的文理通 顺的短文。 In a word, the Internet has made our life more colourful.How fantastic it is! Last but not least, we can even shop on the net, chat with other people and make friends with them. Moreover, the Interne

25、t creates learning opportunities, such as going to net universities, reading various kinds of books and learning foreign languages by ourselves. Besides, the Internet is also a popular means of communication, through which we can send emails and make phone calls. The Internet is playing a more and m

26、ore important part in our life. We can enjoy music, watch sports matches and play chess or cards. On the net, we can learn news both at home and abroad and have access to all kinds of useful information as well. Meanwhile, we can download some academic data.组成短文后的正确顺序为：3 .篇章练习学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生?S中某

27、件物品（如钢 笔、书包、鞋子）设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“My magic为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。内容：（1）说明设计理由；（2）介绍新功能。注意:（1）词数不少于120（2）不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。My magic 单选模拟仿真练1.1 f you need someone with professional computer knowledge,to Joe.A. talksB.talkingC.talk D.talked2.Unless you are brave enough to speak up, you ' Chances to make yourself

28、understood.A. moreB.lessC.much D.fewer3.In China, New Year ' s Day isn ' t a big momewtth the Spring Festival.A. comparing B.comparedC. to compare D.being compared4How was your trip to Switzerland? Perfect! How I wish you with us!A. have been B.areC.wereD.had been5.Susan ' s voice still

29、remained calm she was getting annoyed.A. even ifB.as long asC.as ifD.now that6.My granny does the crossword puzzle each day her mind sharp.A.to keepB.keptC.having keptD.to be kept7.So heavy that I felt great relief after taking it off.A.is the load B.the load wasC.was the loadD.the load is8.For bett

30、er sound effects, he was asked to speak the microphone during the whole process.A.in B.for C.into D.from9Could you give me some advice on getting a job? First, find out you like doing best.A.what B.which C.how D.why10.I for six months.I ' m really out of shape.A.hadn ' t exercisedB.didn '

31、; t exerciseC.don ' t exeseD.haven ' t exercised11 Daddy, how much do you earn an hour? If you know, $20 an hour.A.may B.must C.canD.should12Something smells really good here!You my easier cookies.Have one!A.smellB.are smellingC.were smellingD.smelt13 .A new learning center has been built in

32、 the school, students to get to know the world more easily.A.allowB.allowedC.to allowD.allowing14 .Jack will hold a meeting people can voice their opinions on today ' s global economy.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whose15The tickets to Texas are not available now.Oh.Flights fast at festivals.A.soldB.sel

33、lC.will sell D.havesold答案Topic 20科普知识与现代技术Part A ReadingPassage 1高级语块1.1 n place准备妥当；准备就绪2 .fall off into 落入;注入3 .all the way自4台至终高级句式1 .A build-it-yourself still is one of the best ways to obtain drinking wate门n areas where the liquid is not readily available不定式短语 to obtain 作定语修饰 ways,其中where引导定语从句

34、修饰 areas）2 .Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up-and out- the side of the hole.（so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中and连接前后两个并列分句。）语篇解读本文为说明文，题材为科普实验类。文章具体描述了利用 自制太阳能蒸储器获取饮用水的方法。1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句，尤其是尾句These pieces can be folded into a neat little

35、 pack and fastened on your beKT知该装置是 可折叠的、便携的，故答案为D项。2.B猜测词义题。根据第二段前两句可知，画线短语指代的是该段首 句中的a working still,故答案为B项。3c细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知四个选项正确的顺序是A B D- C,故答案为C项。4.D 细节理解题。根据尾段前两句可知该装置是利用蒸发到塑料薄 片上的水分凝聚成水滴，最后滴落到杯子中，故答案为D项。Passage 2高级语块1 .be down to 归因于2.share sth. with sbW某人分享某事/物3.switch sth. with sb和某人交换某物

36、高级句式1 .Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions（互动）such as falling in love or giving birth. （that引导的宾语从句中含有and连接的并列句）2 .Further researches showed that in men t

37、he hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.（that弓 |导宾语从句）语篇解读本文为说明文，题材为科普知识类。文章通过Ryan教授 的实验得知：荷尔蒙催生素可以使人们更好地辨别不同社交互动的能 力，男女行为的不同主要是由荷尔蒙生理因素引起的。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知：虽然荷尔蒙催生素被 认为是爱情荷尔蒙，但是它对男女有不同的影响。所以答案是

38、B项。2c细节理解题。根据第四段可知：在先前的实验里Ryan教授发现, 在消极的社交互动中，比如妒忌，荷尔蒙也可以在我们身体里被释放。所以答案为C项（当我们对别人的成功感到不高兴时，我们的身体会释 放荷尔蒙催生素）。3 .A 推理判断题。根据第五段可知：进一步的研究表明，荷尔蒙催生素 可以提高男性认识竞争关系的能力，但是它可以提升女性认识友谊的 能力。通过这个研究结果可以推断出来Ryan教授做这个实验的目的是检测荷尔蒙催生素对人们在认识社交互动能力方面的影响，故选A 项。4 .D 推理判断题。第一段中提到 Researchers have found.第四段提 到先前实验的发现，剩下文章详细介

39、绍了最近实验的具体过程和结果，所以可以推断出作者是通过讨论研究实验来写这篇文章的，故选D 项。Part B Writing一、话题语料积累1 .话题词汇积累agriculture astronomy biochemistry botany ecology ecosystem CD finance ©gardening medicine ® nutrition 憧statistics 阳literature 图law 因angle 制construction b battery beam capsule cell 叼 computer 囹 database修fax 怪gene

40、 microscope I对microwave 匠planetInternetrobot 因 rocket 嗝 satellite 附 equipment 阳 concrete 愤electricity 晚Science technology Inaccuracy 冈airspace 懈I gravity 展I clone 卜明 communication Ini development m pollutionradium procedure space I'： universe 喇 technique2 .话题佳句积累through/on helpful be invented robots The二、综合练习1 .词句练习(1)surf the Internet Compared with take too much spaceSending short messages light in weight, small in size and easy to carry©anytime and anywhere CD prefer the edictionary be accompanied with the pronunciation has many functions ©products