ye(接地)-02 扁钢接地

1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。ye(接地)-02 扁钢接地扁钢接地接地装置扁钢及圆钢通用施工工艺1 适用范围1.1 本通用施工工艺适用于装置区接地装置扁钢及圆钢安装。2 编制依据2.1电气装置安装工程接地装置施工及验收规范GB50169-92。2.2电气装置安装工程爆炸和火灾危险环境电气装置施工及验收规范GB50257-96。2.3 建筑电气工程施工质量验收规范GB 50303-2002。3 施工应具备的条件3.1 准备好施工机具和材料。3.1.1 施工材料 主材圆钢、扁钢、钢管、角钢、钢板、支持卡子及各种螺栓。3.1

2、.1.2 其它材料保护管、红丹防锈漆、调合漆、清油、沥青漆、电焊条、焊条、水泥、砂子。3.1.2 施工机具 施工机具配备齐全，保养维护合格。3.2 熟悉图纸，了解接地网的尺寸和平面布置、接地极组数和接地材料的选用。3.3 施工现场基本平整，有可利用的标高参照点。3.4 掌握现场的施工情况，确定有无可利用的电缆沟和管沟，4 施工工序接地线暗敷设设备接地连接接地体制安挖接地沟隐蔽检查及回填接地电阻测试接地线明敷设5 施工工艺5.1 挖接地沟5.1.1 按设计图纸要求进行画线，接地沟中心线距建筑物、构筑物的距离不应小于3米，独立避雷针的接地装置与重复接地之间的距离不应小于3米。5.1.

3、2 接地沟宜挖成上宽0.6米、下底宽0.4米的梯形，梯形的高应满足设计对接地极埋深的要求，接地沟应挖的平直、深浅一致，底部应清理干净。5.2 接地极制安5.2.1 垂直接地体材料的选用符合设计要求，无设计要求时可选用不小于50X5的角钢、20的圆钢或50的钢管。钢管的厚度不小于3.5mm。5.2.2 接地体的长度不应小于2.5米。5.2.3 圆钢和钢管应锯成斜口或锻成锥型，角钢的一端应加工成尖状，见图 5.2.3。图.4 接地体安装时应垂直打入地下，顶部距地面的的距离符合设计要求，当无设计要求时不应小于0.6米，经人行通道处埋地深度不应小于1m，接地极间距不应小于两根接地极长度

4、之和，即不应小于5米，当受地方限制可适当减少一些距离，但不应小于接地体的长度。5.2.5 为防止钢管或角钢接地极在打入地下时开裂可用管头或角钢头制成保护帽套在接地极顶端。保护帽制作见图5.2.5。图 接地线暗敷设5.3.1 扁钢接地线敷设前应进行调直，大范围的接地线安装宜在预制时焊接成适当的长度，连接采用搭接焊，搭接长度，扁钢不小于扁钢宽度的两倍，且至少焊接3个棱边。圆钢为其直径的6倍。5.3.2 接地线与接地极焊接时可采用下列两种方法： 将扁钢接地线弯成三角形（或弧型）与角钢接地极（或钢管接地极）焊接。见图。图 先用适当

5、长度的扁钢制成三角形或弧型的卡子贴焊在接地极上再与扁钢焊在一起。以增加接触面。见图 。图5.3.3 接地线焊接应焊缝平整饱满并有足够的机械强度，不得有夹渣、咬肉、裂纹、虚焊、气孔等缺陷。焊好后去除药皮，刷沥清漆进行防腐处理。5.3.4 接地引出线地面以下的垂直部分应刷沥清漆防腐。5.4 接地线明敷设5.4.1 接地线穿过墙壁或楼板时应加装保护管，保护管的内径应比扁钢宽度（或圆钢直径）大10mm，管口应露出墙体15-20mm，保护管应随土建施工预埋。见图5.4.1。图.2 明敷接地线时，应先安装支持件，再把接地线固定在支持件上。常用的支持件有固定钩、卡

6、板、S型卡子。见图 5.4.2。支持件应进行预埋或采用膨胀螺栓、胀管和沉头木螺丝固定；支持件间的距离,在水平直线部分宜为 0.5 1.5m;垂直部分室为 1.5 3m;转弯部分宜为 0.3 0.5m。图.3 敷设位置不应妨碍设备的拆卸与检修；接地线应按水平或垂直敷设,亦可与建筑物倾斜结构平行敷设;在直线段上,不应有高低起伏及弯曲等情况；接地线沿建筑物墙壁水平敷设时,离地面距离宜为250300mm;接地线与建筑物墙壁间的间隙宜为1015mm。5.4.4 在接地线跨越建筑物伸缩缝、沉降缝处时,应设置补偿器。补偿器可用接地线本身弯成弧状代替。见图5.4.4。图.5 接

7、地线过门处可采用埋地穿过门口，见图 5.4.5-1；或从门上绕过门口，见图5.4.5-2。图5.4.5-1图5.4.5-2注： 图 5.4.5-1至图 5.4.5-2中：1接地线；3固定钩5.4.6 明敷接地线上应设置临时接地线柱，做法见图 5.4.6。图5.4.61接地线；2接地板；3膨胀螺栓；螺栓、螺母、垫片5.4.7 明敷接地线的表面应涂以用 15 100mm 宽度相等的绿色和黄色相间的条纹。在每个导体的全部长度上或只在每个区间或每个可接触到的部位上宜作出标志。当使用胶带时,应使用双色胶带。5.4.8 室内明敷接地线与室外接地网连接时，穿墙处应加保护管。见图5.4.8。图5

8、.4.85.5 接地电阻测试5.5.1 接地装置安装敷设完后应进行接地电阻的测试；一般应选在天气晴好的条件下进行。5.5.2 接地电阻测试可使用接地电阻测试仪。5.5.3 接地电阻测试前应断开接地线与被保护设备、建筑物、构筑物的连接。5.5.4 接地电阻测试仪的接线。沿被测接地极E1，将接地电阻测试仪的电位探测针P1和电流探测针C1依直线彼此相距20米插入地下，且电位探测针P1插入接地极E1与电流探测针C1之间，用专用导线将E1、P1、C1连于接地电阻测试仪相应的端钮E、P、C上。见图 5.5.4。E1 P1 C1 E1 P1 C1图.5 接地电阻测试仪的使用 将

9、接地电阻测试仪水平放置，检查检流计的指针是否指于中心线上，否则应利用零位调整钮将指针调至中心线上。 将倍率开关置于最大倍数，慢慢转动测试仪的摇把，同时转动“测量标度盘”使检流计的指针指于中心线，当检流计指针接近平衡时，加快摇把的转速，使其达到每分钟120转以上，调整“测量标度盘”使检流计的指针指于中心线。 如“测量标度盘”的读数小于1时，应将倍率开关置于较小的倍数，再重新调整“测量标度盘”使检流计的指针指于中心线上。以得到正确的读数。用“测量标度盘”的读数乘以倍率开关的倍数即为所测的接地电阻值。5.5.6测试接地装置的接地电阻值必须符合设计要求，如不满足设计要求应增

10、加接地极，增加接地极仍不满足要求时，应采取下面的措施降低接地电阻，直至满足设计要求。5.5.7 降低接地电阻的措施 换土：即用电阻率较低的土壤（如粘土、黑土等）换电阻率较高的土壤。在接地体上部1/3处和周围1米处的范围内换土。 用埋深的方法：在含砂土壤中，含砂层一般都在表面层，地层深处土壤电阻率较低，应采用接地体深埋，一般应埋进地层深处23米以下。 使用化学降阻剂：降阻剂是含有水和强电介质的硬化树脂，构成一种网状胶体，使它不宜流失。可在一定时期内保持良好的导电性能；下面以BXXA型长效化学接地电阻降阻剂为例说明降阻剂的使用方法。1)垂直接地极施工时宜用

11、机械打孔，孔径在150mm-200mm之间。孔深符合设计要求。按使用说明配好降阻剂，将接地极放在孔中心，注入降阻剂，待其凝固后填土夯实。见图。 图2)冬季使用BXXA降阻剂时，应将水溶液加温到20-30时，再加引发剂搅拌。5.6 隐蔽检查及回填5.6.1 接地装置隐蔽回填前应会同质检部门、监理、甲方、设计等单位进行隐蔽检查，合格后应及时办理隐蔽工程记录的签字。5.6.2 隐蔽检查合格签字后可进行回填土，回填土不应夹杂石块并应分层夯实。5.7 设备接地连接5.7.1 引至工艺设备或电气设备上的分支接地线与工艺或电气设备连接时应按设计要求制作断接卡。或参照国家标准图集接

12、地装置安装86D563制作。5.7.2 设备、管道、贮罐等的防静电接地线应单独与接地体或接地干线相连，除并列管道外不得串联接地。5.7.3 直接接地的变压器与接地干线连接，采用单独的接地线。5.7.4 自然接地体与人工接地体相连接处，安装便于分开的断接卡。5.7.5 每个电气装置的接地，用单独接地线与接地干线相连接，不得在一个接地线中串接几个需要接地的电气装置。5.7.6 利用串接的金属构件、金属管道作接地线时，应在其串接部位焊接金属跨接线。5.7.7 接至电气设备的接地线，用镀锌螺栓连接。5.7.8 接地端子制作时其搭接长度应符合上述的接地线的搭接长度，采用的螺栓大小和个数、接头处理等参照电

13、气装置安装工程母线装置施工及验收规范（GBJ149-90）的有关规定。搭接面应涂电力复合脂。5.7.9 接地线与设备连接时，应清除设备表面的油漆。5.7.10 防静电接地应与设备、管道、贮罐等固定接地端子或螺栓连接，连接螺栓不小于M10，并应有防松装置和涂电力复合脂，当采用焊接端子相连接时，不得降低和损伤管道强度。5.7.11 当金属法兰采用金属螺栓或卡子相连接时，可不另安装跨接线。5.7.12接地或接零用的螺栓应有防松装置；接地紧固前，其接地端子与上述紧固件均应涂电力复合脂。 6 HSE控制要点6.1 降阻剂在使用中，聚合前，尽量不要用手直接接触水溶液。若溅到身上，应立即用清水洗掉。6.2

14、使用锤前应检查锤头是否松动，施工时应注意周围其他配合的施工人员。6.3 电气施工人员和配合电工的电焊工不得在工艺设备和工艺管道上施焊，但可在设备支撑底座或管托上施焊。6.4 挖接地沟挖出的土，整齐地堆码在接地沟旁，并在最短的时间内回填。6.5 从事焊接作业要带好防护眼镜。6.6 接地装置使用的防腐漆禁止乱涂乱画，接地装置刷油要注意保护与接地装置相连的设备和管道。7 施工机具一览表电焊机、毛刷、线坠、活扳手、电锤、接地电阻测试仪。 8 施工记录1) J115 隐蔽工程记录2) J520 接地电阻测量记录附加说明：1 本工艺由中国石化集团第四建设公司技术处提出。2 本工艺由郝林生起草，万洪山审核。

15、3 本工艺由中国石化集团第四建设公司总工程师批准，技术处发布。4 本工艺由中国石化集团第四建设公司第六工程公司负责解释。12shall assign a person in custody; Acceptance can be carried out operations, acceptance or unqualified acceptance not made the next processes work; 10, the construction site . Construction construction construction organization name projec

16、t name 4-2-7 content security technology to give the low-down the content to the hopper cars, against a measure, not too much force and withdrawal, on the feet may not be in the hopper, rises below shall not stand. When cleaning the hopper of concrete stone, two bucket chain must be fastened; When r

17、unning in a blender, tools may not be inserted into the drum; Derrick transport, car steering wheel shall not be extended outside the cage, wheel wedge before and after; Water frame beams and concrete, to observe the formwork, formwork systems, unusual in reporting in a timely manner, no operations

18、directly on the template or support; Irrigation structures when the edge of the concrete columns, beams, external platforms necessary security measures; Water in deep Foundation pit base during construction before, you should check whether the pit slope soil collapse collapse danger, if found, shoul

19、d be reported immediately and to take measures; Should wear protective equipment when using vibration, with leakage protection switch move switch box; Acceptance before for work, not to unqualified acceptance or acceptance not made the next processes work; Pumping concrete should be independent and

20、reliable support; 10, site specific security cards; 11, the other. Disclosure signatures to accept cards deliver the signature time Japan form in duplicate, teams from the deposit of an instrument, and filed a report. Assembly and disassembly of tower crane safety technology gives the low-down (refe

21、rence tables) construction construction construction organization name project name 4-2-8 content security technology to give the low-down the content strictly according to the tower crane, remove programme implementation operations, operating personnel must have professional training and with valid

22、 ID to work; Special command, coordination, and ensure safety in production; Working at height strictly comply with the safety specifications; The erection and removal of prohibited people who stay within the operating area; Carefully check the lifting wire and clasps, strictly according to the upda

23、ted standards update; Carefully check all bolts, lock shaft damage, fatigue, cracking to update in a timely manner; Solid hydraulic jacking system of ministries in charge of the joint; Removal affect the safe operation of wires, check the insulation of cables and wires are good, motor connection is

24、correct, the switch movement is sensitive and reliable; Must have a good grounding facilities, grounding resistance value shall not be more than 4 ohm; 10, to ensure that effective safety devices, such as lifting the limiters, torque limiters, height restrictions, stroke and hooks insurance, reel sa

25、fety devices; 11, acceptance may belu, kdy se setkávají osoby v nouzi by mla dodrovat zásady záchranu "il ped smrtí, zrann ped mení zranní, snadné obtíné". 7, sluba pro nouzovou správu nouzové záchranné orgány shrom

26、aovány archiv informací. 36 a nouzové záchranné plány pezkoumat systém zmny, cílem specifikace bezpenostní havárie havarijní plány managementu, perfektní havarijní plány systém, rozíené nouzové plány

27、vdecké a cílené, a úinnost pohlaví, podle lidová republika íny praskla události mly metody a lidová republika íny bezpenostní metody a výroby bezpenostní havárie havarijní plány ízení pístupu (národn&

28、#237; Ann vzení generál iní 17,), právních pedpis a naízeních, vyvinutý tento systém. Druhé, rozsah tato zásada platí pro nouzové pípravy, revize a revizní práce. Zatetí, vypracování pohotovostních pl

29、án na 1, píprav pohotovostních plán by mly splovat tyto základní poadavky: 1.1 v souladu s ustanoveními písluných zákon, pedpis, pravidel a norem; 1.2 v kombinaci s skutené situace organizace bezpenost produkce; 1.3 obsahují analýzu ri

30、zik podniku; 1.4 odpovdnost havarijní personál a organizace jasné a konkrétní opatení 1.5 má jasnou a konkrétní havarijní prevenci a nouzové postupy a odpovídající jeho schopnosti nouzové reakce; 1.6 jasné nouzových

31、 ochranných opatení a me splnit mimoádné poadavky projektu; 1.7 plán pro základní prvky je úplný, kompletní plán pílohy poskytnuté informace jsou pesné 1.8 plány a související nouzové vzájemný vztah.

32、2, projekt v souladu s píslunými zákony a pedpisy a výrobu a provoz výroby bezpenostní nehody havarijní píprav smrnice (dále jen pravidla), v kombinaci s nebezpeími, analýzy rizik a moností charakteristik nehod a vypracovat písluné

33、; pohotovostní plány. 3, projektového oddlení nouzový systém pro komplexní havarijní plány, speciální havarijní plány a vlastní eení. 3.1 vechny druhy rizika pro firmu, komplexní havarijní plán formulované

34、 manaery spolenosti. Komplexní popis aktivaního signálu patí organizace spolenosti a její odpovdnost za havarijní, pipravenost na systém a postupy pro reakci, prevenci nehod a nouzovou podporu, havarijní plány a cviení jako hlavní obsah. 3.2 u u

35、ritých druh rizik, poádané editelem Zhi rozvíjet konkrétní pohotovostních plán. Speciální pohotovostní plány, vetn analýzy rizik, moné nehody charakteristiky a nouzových organizace a odpovdnost, nouzové postupy a prevent

36、ivní opatení, v pípad nouze a tak dále. 3.3 pro nebezpenjí klíové posty klíové pozice a klíových oblastí (vetn hlavních rizik), poádanéstreamlining. Four are standard visits, except as required to participate in training, no

37、other activity. Five is to improve news reporting, for propaganda work strictly according to the regulations. Six is strictly your presentation published strictly according to the regulations. Seven is strictly thrift, required the use of vehicles and office space and corporate hospitality. 3, chang

38、e the style. Propaganda and ideological work of the new situation and new requirements of the new tasks, had done a lot of fruitful work, has made many achievements, but further closer to the grass roots, close to reality, close to the masses and also inadequate innovation must continue to improve.

39、Second, the "four winds" some outstanding issues 1, oppose formalism. One theory is that he didn't, with less close contact. Theoretical study of consciousness is not high enough, system performance is not strong enough; more passive learning, active learning few generalities and learn

40、 more, delving into less. Especially based on rational thinking on major issues, applying theory to guide the work done is not good enough, not really understand and grasp the spirit and essence of the scientific Outlook on development, did not truly achieve mastery, to apply, to a certain extent, a

41、ffect the development and implementation of ideas and initiatives. Second, work arrangements, and less supervision. Propaganda and ideological work is the objective, which needs to keep the continuity efforts deployed, but stressed in the work time, less supervision. For example, color weekends in t

42、he summer theatrical activities, city square performances, urging townships, communities and rural areas shows the implementation is inadequate, insufficient cultural an educational role to play. Third base enough, master grass-less real. Propaganda and ideological work in the new situation of chara

43、cteristics and regularity of enough, deep enough for grass-roots public opinion Dynamics survey, for grass-roots typically drive less. For example, rural culture team active, . I'm not actively take the initiative to take up, the lack of spirit of daring to, resulting in some job had a lot of po

44、wer, but no tangible results. Third, innovation, lack of motivation. Emancipation did not end, innovation does not exist. In practical work, not your head, previous work experience, lack of innovation initiatives, study on the characteristics of propaganda and ideological work under the new situatio

45、n through, grip on grassroots ideological trends and changes are not deep, to promote new initiatives and explore new methods of ideological and cultural work is not much, and some lack of relevance and timeliness. 4, discipline, lowering, and hard work are lacking. While working and enterprising sp

46、irit down. No real solution to treat yourself right, correctly treat past honors, their complacency, and work to see their scores more, less checking his own shortcomings, like to listen to the praise, satisfied face, online promotion, there are typical, and lack of high standards and strict require

47、ments, the effect is real. Second hard drive less. On hard andstreamlining. Four are standard visits, except as required to participate in training, no other activity. Five is to improve news reporting, for propaganda work strictly according to the regulations. Six is strictly your presentation publ

48、ished strictly according to the regulations. Seven is strictly thrift, required the use of vehicles and office space and corporate hospitality. 3, change the style. Propaganda and ideological work of the new situation and new requirements of the new tasks, had done a lot of fruitful work, has made m

49、any achievements, but further closer to the grass roots, close to reality, close to the masses and also inadequate innovation must continue to improve. Second, the "four winds" some outstanding issues 1, oppose formalism. One theory is that he didn't, with less close contact. Theoretic

50、al study of consciousness is not high enough, system performance is not strong enough; more passive learning, active learning few generalities and learn more, delving into less. Especially based on rational thinking on major issues, applying theory to guide the work done is not good enough, not real

51、ly understand and grasp the spirit and essence of the scientific Outlook on development, did not truly achieve mastery, to apply, to a certain extent, affect the development and implementation of ideas and initiatives. Second, work arrangements, and less supervision. Propaganda and ideological work

52、is the objective, which needs to keep the continuity efforts deployed, but stressed in the work time, less supervision. For example, color weekends in the summer theatrical activities, city square performances, urging townships, communities and rural areas shows the implementation is inadequate, ins

53、ufficient cultural an educational role to play. Third base enough, master grass-less real. Propaganda and ideological work in the new situation of characteristics and regularity of enough, deep enough for grass-roots public opinion Dynamics survey, for grass-roots typically drive less. For example,

54、rural culture team active, . I'm not actively take the initiative to take up, the lack of spirit of daring to, resulting in some job had a lot of power, but no tangible results. Third, innovation, lack of motivation. Emancipation did not end, innovation does not exist. In practical work, not you

55、r head, previous work experience, lack of innovation initiatives, study on the characteristics of propaganda and ideological work under the new situation through, grip on grassroots ideological trends and changes are not deep, to promote new initiatives and explore new methods of ideological and cultural work is not much, and some lack of relevance and timeliness. 4, discipline, lowering, and hard work are lacking. While working and enterprising spirit down. No re