非谓语动词讲解(超全)

1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词：a.动词不定式b.动名词c.分词现在分词过去分词概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.动词不定式.动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成.不定式的形式有五种:1. 一般式todo2. 进行

2、式tobedoing3. 完成式tohavedone4. 被动式tobedone例如：IliketoreadEnglish.例如：Heseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.例如：Heseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.例如：Theworkistobedonesoon.5.完成被动式tohavebeendone例如：Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.动词不定式的用法I .作主语(1)不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前.Toseeistobelieve.Nottogettherei

3、ntimeisyourfault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语,将todo放在位于之后,使句子保持平衡.句型1：It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to_gettherebybus.句型2：It's+n.+todoIt'sourduty；o_helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthemountains.句型3：Itis+adj+forsbtodosth(是形容事物的性质的)Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth(是形容人的品质的)Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbef

4、oreten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.II .作宾语接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon'texpecttomeetyouhere(1)常见动词有：like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,seem,intend

5、,forget,want,prepare,pretend,refuse,plan,afford,wish等Theywanted_toget(get)onthebus,didnHetsthey?ewished_tobe(be)aprofessor.(2)it作形式宾语Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminterestingIfind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhimSubject+find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.1.We?thought?_it_?better?_to_?start?early.3

6、.?I?feel?_it_?my?duty?_to_?change?all?that.5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuch(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词：2.Do?you?consider?_it_?better?not?_to_?go?4.Wethinkit_important_to_obeythelaw.homeworkinaday.tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain,know,discover,Hetaughtushowtousethetool.Noonecou

7、ldtellmewheretogetthebook.Ihaven'tdecidedwhethertogoorstay.以下词接动名词和不定式均可,但意义不同的动词:stoptodo停下来去做forgettodo忘记要做remembertodo记得要做regrettodo遗憾要做trytodo企图做,尽力做goontodo继续做另一件事meantodo打算做stopdoing停止做forgetdoing忘记做过rememberdoing记得做过regretdoing懊悔做过trydoing试着做goondoing继续做(同一件事)meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLond

8、on,missingabusmeans_Aforanotherhour.AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaitingBoys,don'tforget_Dthewindowsbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.A.closingB.closedC.toclosingD.tocloseShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_Conabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.restRemember_Athelightswhenyouleavetheoffice.A.totur

9、noffB.turningoffC.turnoffD.toturningoff(4)在cannotbut,cannotchoose/helpbut之后接不带to的不定式Ihavenochoicebut_towait.(wait)前有do,后无toIcan'tdoanythingbut_go(go)outwithher.III .作宾语补足语1. I'll?get?someorte?_?repair?the?recorder?for?you.2. What?caused?him?_to_?change?his?mind?advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,exp

10、ect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish?,want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo注意：(1)在动词feel(一感),hear,listento(二听),have,let,make(三让),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to.如：Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.(2

11、)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.Heisoftenheard_tosing(sing)thesong.Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmate_cry(cry),todayhewasmade_tocry_(cry)byhisdeskmate.IV.作定语?Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式彳定语)1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?2) 不定式用来说明所修

12、饰词的内容Ihavenochancetogothere.3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.4) 不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时,须加介词1 .ThehouseisnotbigenoughforusallA.A.toliveinB.tobelivedinC.toliveD.forlivingin2 .WouldyoupleasepassmetheknifeA?A.tocutthefruitwithB.tocutthefruit?C.cuttingthefruitD.cuttingthefruitwith2.1 hav

13、esomethingimportanttosay.Pleasefindapieceofpapertowriteon(写上)4.Excuseme,couldIuseyourpenforamoment?Ihavenopentowritewith(写)V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果.Icameheretoseeyou.Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.比照TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsagooddictionary.TolearnEnglishwell,ago

14、oddictionaryisneeded.Togetthereintime,hetoldmetogetupearly.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义Ihavesomethingimportanttodo.Intheaccident,thedriverwastoblame.Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Theboxisnoteasytocarry.动名词.动名词的根本构成主动语态被动语公一般式doingbeingdone元成式havingdonehavingbeendoneNoonelikesbeinglaughedat.Idon'trememberhav

15、ingeverbeengivenachancetodoit.二.动名词的功用Smokingdoesgreatharmtopeople'sheal昨主语)Myjobislookingafterchildren.(作表语)Ihavefinishedreadingthenovel.(作宾语)(4) Wehavegotaswimmingpoolinourschool.(做定语)Itisnousecrying.Itisnogoodobjecting常见的动词有：admit,advise,suggest,avoid,consider,delay,deny,excuse,finish,imagine

16、,include,keep(on),mind,practice,miss,resist.短语：be/getusedto,can'thelpcstop,tstand,giveup,feellike,lookforwardto,getdownto,havedifficulty/trouble(in),bebusy(in),putoffe.g.Shesattherewithout_speaking(speak)Ilookforwardto_seeing(see)himagain. Areyouusedto_live(live)therealone? Whenmyfatherheardthen

17、ews,hecouldn'thelp_laughing(laugh).Idon'tfeellike_going(go)toseethefilm.Hewasbusy_preparing(prepare)hislessons主动表被动：Theroomwants_cleaning(clean).Themethodneeds_improving_(improve). Thispairofshoesrequire_mending(mend). Theproblemneeds_workingout_(workout). Thequestioniswellworth_discussing(d

18、iscuss)d)动词“like,love,hate,prefer后接动名词裳示习惯性动作“,后接不定式表示心理或一次具体动作.当用在should,would之后时,只跟不定式.例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon'toHkeimthisafternoon.Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语,构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词.例如：Nixon'svisitingChinamarkedanewyearb

19、etweenU.S.andChinadiplomaticrelations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.b.在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格.例如：Thedoctordoesnotmindme/myeatingalittlemeatoccasionally.分词(一)分词的作用现在分词表示：主动,动作正在进行.过去分词表示：被动,动作已经完成.1 .作定语Doyouknowtheboystandingatthegate?Have

20、youreadthebookwrittenbyLuXun?2 .作表语Weareexcitedatthenews.Thenewshetoldusisexciting.3 .作宾语补足语Iheardhimsingingasongintheclassroom.Wefoundthegroundcoveredwithsnow.4Whilelyinginbed,helistenedtosomemusic.Seenfromthehill,thevillagelooksmovebeautiful.分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,否那么分词前面必须有自己的主语.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别：现在

21、分词表主动进行,过去分词表被动完成1. (Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2. (Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn'thelpcryifWhentheyheardthebadnews)3. (Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.(Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention)4. Ist

22、oodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.?Beingsoangry,hecouldn'tgotosleep.(Becausehewas$oangryTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.(andtheyweresinginglaughing)Toservethepeoplewell,studyhard.(Inordertoservethepeoplewell)(二)分词的时态现在分词分一般式和完成式,而过去分词那么没有时态形式的变化.现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生,或在谓语动词之前发生.例如：Kno

23、winghisunclewouldcome,hebegantomakesomepreparations.现在分词的完成时,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语.例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(三)现在分词的被动式被动一般式beingdone被动完成式havingbeendoneThisisoneofthenewsupermarketsbeingbuiltinourcity.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hewasabletooperatethemachine.(四)分词的否认形式分词的否认式,由not+分词构成

24、,例如：Nothavingheardthenews.Iwrotetohimagain.Notknowinghowtoworkoutthemathsproblem,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.(五)分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时,带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构,在句法功能上起状语作用.例如：Weatherpermitting,theywillgoandvisitthesciencemuseum.Themeetingbeingover,theyalllefttheroom.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Themoon

25、appearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.由Therebeing+主语这种结构多表示原因.例如:Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.由于有许多书要读,他经常学习到深夜.with+复合宾语结构(1) with+名词/代词+形容词(2) with+名词/代词+副词Don'tspeakwithyourmouthfull.Thesquarelooksmoreb

26、eautifulthaneverwiththelightson.(3)with+名词/代词+介词短语Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.(4)with+名词/代词+-ing分词Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.(5)with+名词/代词+不定式Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.(6)with+名词/代词+-en分词Withhi

27、smattersettled,welefttheroom.【2021全国卷II10.Tonylentmethemoney,thatI'ddoasmuchforhim.A.hopingB.tohopeC.hopedD.havinghoped【答案】A【2021全国卷II15.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happyanythingthathappenedtobeon.A.towatchB.watching【答案】A【2021安徽】24.Irememberedthelights.A.lockingB.tolock【答案】B【2

28、021安徽】30.WhenC.watchedD.tohavewatchedthedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffC.havinglockedD.tohavelockedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.askedC.havingaskedD.tobeasked【答案】B【2021重庆】23.toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.A.Having

29、beenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked【答案】A【2021重庆】28.Werehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade【答案】A【2021全国28.Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather.A.permittingB.topermitC.permittedD.permit【答案】A【2021全国32.Fil

30、mhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen_suchartformsasmusicandpainting.A.havingcomparedtoB.comparingtoC.comparetoD.comparedto【答案】D【2021北京】23.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandthem.A.correctsB.correctC.tocorrectD.correcting【答案】D【2021北京】27.withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UseB.UsingC.UsedD.Touse

31、【答案】C【2021北京】31.atthedoorbeforeyouentermyroom,please.A.KnockB.KnockingC.KnockedD.Toknock【答案】A【2021福建】28.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfromintheSouthChinaSea.A.attackingB.havingattackingC.beingattackedD.havingbeenattacked【答案】C【2021福建】34.Presse

32、dfromhisparents,andthathehaswastedtoomuchtime,theboyisdeterminedtostopplayingvideogames.A.realizingB.realizedC.torealizeD.beingrealized【答案】A【2021陕西】15.inalongqueue,wewaitedforthestoretoopentobuyaNewiPad.A. StandingB.TostandC.StoodD.Stand【答案】A【2021陕西】A.meets【答案】D【2021山东】A.tobetold【答案】A【2021山东】A.provi

33、ding【答案】B【2021湖南】A.beingdone【答案】C【2021湖南】A.touse【答案】B【2021湖南】22. Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebutanevengreaterchallenge.B. meetingC.meetD.tomeet26.Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlythathiswifehadlefthim.B.tellingC.beingtoldD.told35.Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelop

34、e.B.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide21.We'vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedstoachievethefinalsuccess.B.doC.tobedoneD.todo23.Time,correctly,ismoneyinthebank.B.usedC.usingD.use31. Thelecture,at7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.A.startingB.beingstartingC.tostartD.tobestarted【答案】A【2021天津】11.Hegotuplateandhurriedtohisoffice,thebreakfastuntouched.A.leftB.toleaveC.leavingD.havingleft【答案】C【2021江西】33.Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenewstudents.A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken【答案】C【2021江西】35.Joh