食品专业术语

1、食品工业基本术语Fundamentaltermsoffoodindustry2.1 食品food2.1.1 动物性食品foodofanimalorigin(animalfood)2.1.2 植物性食品vegetablefood(plantfood)2.1.3 传统食品traditionalfood2.1.4 干制食品dehydratedfood2.1.5 糖制食品confectionery2.1.6 腌制品curingfood2.1.7 烘焙食品bakery2.1.8 熏制食品smokingfood2.1.9 膨化食品puffedfood(extrudedfood)2.1.10 速冻食品qui

2、ck-frozenfood2.1.11 罐藏食品cannedfood2.1.12 方便食品convenientfood(fastfood,preparedfood,instantfood)2.1.13 特殊营养食品foodofspecialnutrients2.1.13.1 婴幼儿食品infantorbabyfood2.1.13.2 强化食品nutrientfortifiedfood2.1.14 天然食品naturalfood2.1.15 摸拟食品imitationfood2.1.16 预包装食品prepackagedfood2.2 食品制造foodmanufacturing2.3 食品力工f

3、oodprocessing2.4 食品工业foodindustry2.5 食品资源foodresource2.6 食品新资源newresourceforfood2.7 原料rawmaterial2.8 配料ingredient2.8.1 主料majoringredient(majormaterial)2.8.2 辅料minoringredient2.8.3 食品添加剂foodadditive2.8.4 食品营养强化剂foodenrichment2.8.5 加工助剂processingaid2.8.6 酶enzyme2.9 配料表listofingredients2.10 配方formula2.

4、11 食品包装材料packagingmaterialforfood2.12 食品包装容器foodcontainer2.13 软包装flexiblepackage2.14 硬包装rigidpackage2.15 食品标签foodlabelling2.16 保质期dateofminimumdurability2.17 保存期use-bydate2.18 食品质量foodquality2.19 食品质量管理foodqualitycontrol2.20 食品质量监督foodqualitysupervision2.21 食品质量检验foodqualityinspection2.22 食品卫生foodhy

5、giene(foodsafety)2.23 食品营养foodnutrition2.24 食品成分foodcomposition2.25 食品分析foodanalysis2.26 食品工业标准化foodindustrystandardization2.27 食品标准foodstandard2.27.1 食品产品标准foodproductstandard2.27.2 食品卫生标准foodhygienicstandard2.27.3 食品厂卫生规范hygieniccodeoffoodfactory2.27.4 食品分析方法标准foodanalysingstandardmethed2.28 良好加工规

6、范goodmanufacturingpractice(GMP)2.302.312.322.332.34食品生产许可证食品产品合格证食品卫生许可证食品卫生合格证食品工业副产品2.29 危害分析关键控制点hazardanalysisandcriticalcontrolpoint(HACCP)foodproductionlicencefoodproductqualificationfoodhygienelicencefoodhygienequalificationby-productoffoodindustry5.1 粮食grain5.2 粮食制品cerealproduct5.3 肉制品meatpr

7、oduct5.4 食用油脂edibleoilandfat5.5 食糖sugar5.6 乳制品dairyproduct5.7 水产品seafood5.8 水果制品fruitproduct5.9 蔬菜制品vegetableproduct5.10 植物蛋白食品vegetableproteinfood5.11 淀粉制品starch-basedproduct5.12 蛋制品eggproduct5.13 糕点pastry5.14 糖果candy5.15 调味品condiment(seasoning)5.16 食用盐ediblesalt(foodgradesalt)5.17 饮料酒alcoholicdrin

8、k5.18 无酒精饮料non-alcoholicdrink(softdrink)5.19 茶tea原料清理rawmaterialhandling(rawmaterialcleaning)原料预处理pretreatmentofrawmaterial酸处理acidtreatment硫处理sulphuringtreatment碱处理alkalitreatment粉碎grinding破碎cracking(crushing)打浆mashing搅拌mixing分离separation离心分离centrifugalseparation过滤filtration膜分离membraneseparation筛分sc

9、reening(sifting)沉降precipitation浓缩concentration蒸储distillation精微rectification(distilling)蒸发evaporation闪蒸flashevaporation离子交换ionexchange吸附adsorption吸收absorption解吸deabsorption干燥drying脱水dehydration复水rehydration浸取extraction压榨pressing孚L化emulsifying均质homogenizing发酵fermentation酿造brewing糊化gelatinization凝沉retr

10、ogradation液化liquifying(liquefaction)糖化saccharification(conversion)氢化hydrogenation嫩化tenderization软化softening营养强化fortification(enrichment)膨化extrusion(puffing)精制refining精炼refining烘焙baking熏制smoking保鲜refreshment(refreshing)冷藏coldstorage冻藏frozenstorage速冻quick-freezing气调贮藏storageincontrolledatmosphere干制保藏d

11、ryingpreservation(preservedbydehydration;dryingprocess)腌制保藏curingpreservation(preservedbycuringprocess)盐渍salting酱渍saucing糖渍sugaring酸渍pickling糟渍curedorpickledwithgermentedgrains辐照保藏irradiationpreservation化学保藏chemicalpreservation成熟ripening后熟maturation灭菌sterilization超高温瞬时灭菌ultrahightemperatureshorttime

12、sterilization商业无菌commercialsterilization¥肖毒disinfection巴氏消毒pasteurization接种inoculation培菌cultivation染菌microbiologicalcontamination(contamination)食品包装foodpackaging(foodpacking,foodpackage)真空包装vacuumpacking充气包装gasflushpackaging(gaspacking)无菌包装asepticpackaging(asepticpacking)营养素nutrient蛋白质protein粗蛋

13、白质crudeprotein植物蛋白vegetableprotein动物蛋白animalprotein蛋白质营养学评价nutritionalevaluation蛋白质变性proteindenaturation蛋白质互补complementaryactionofprotein氨基酸aminoacid必需氨基酸essentialaminoacid脂肪fat(oilandfat)粗脂肪crudefat脂肪酸fattyacid饱和脂肪酸saturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unsaturatedfattyacid碳水化合物carbohydrate有效碳水化合物effectivecarbohy

14、drate粗纤维crudefiber膳食纤维dietaryfiber矿物质mineralmatter微量元素traceelement维生素vitamin脂溶性维生素liposolublevitamin(fatsolublevitamin)水溶性维生素watersolublevitamin每日推荐的营养素供给量(RDA)recommendeddailynutrientallowance营养价值nutritionalvalue水分moisturecontent水分活度wateractivity热量calorie固形物solidcontent可溶性固形物solublesolid不溶性固形物insol

15、ublesolid食品污染foodcontamination生物性污染biologiccontamination化学性污染chemicalcontamination放射性污染radioactivecontamination重金属heavymetal微生物毒素microbialtoxin农药残留residueofpesticide兽药残留residueofveterinarydrug食物中毒foodpoisoning酸败rancidity腐败spoilage霉变mould褐变browning食物安全毒理学评价toxicologicalevaluationforfoodsafety人体每日允许摄入

16、量(ADI)acceptabledailyintake(ADI)食品感官检验sensoryanalysis(sensoryevaluation)感官特性organolepticattribute食品理化检验foodphysicalandchemicalanalysis灰分ash总糖totalreducingsugar还原糖reducingsugar酸度acidity总酸totalacid碘价iodinevalue酸价acidvalue过氧化值peroxidevalue食品微生物学检验foodmicrobiologicalanalysis菌落总数totalplatecount大肠菌群colifo

17、rm致病菌pathogenicbacterium抗生素antibioticindispensable(essential)aminoacids(IDAA)(必需氨基酸)threoninetryptophanlysineleucineisoleucinemethioninevalinephenylalainehistidinephenylethioninen.生化苏氨酸n.生化色氨酸，n.赖氨酸n.生化亮氨酸，白氨酸n.生化异亮氨酸n.生化蛋氨酸，甲硫氨酸n.生化缴氨酸n.苯基丙氨酸，苯丙氨酸n.生化组氨酸，组织氨基酸n.化乙硫氨基酪酸n.化苯基dispensable(nonessential)aminoacids(DAA)非必需氨基酸：taurinecysteinetyrosineargininedailyintakes(ADI)n.牛磺酸）n.化半胱氨酸，疏基丙氨酸n.生化