虚拟语气用法归纳

1、虚拟语气用法归纳英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。一、虚拟条件句条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。Ifyoudon'tworkhard,youwillfail.Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoforapicnic.如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反的假设haddonewould/could/migh

2、t/shouldhavedone与现在事实相反的假设过去时（wasfwere）would/could/might/shoulddo与将来事实相反的假设过去时（wasfwere）;shoulddo;weretodowould/could/might/shoulddo1 .与现在事实相反的虚拟Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwereyou,Iwouldseizethechancetogoabroad.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.2 .与过去事实相反的虚拟Ifyouhadbeenhereyes

3、terday,youwouldhaveseenher.Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.3 .与将来事实相反的虚拟Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rainedtomorrow,ourplanwouldbeputoff.Ifweweretopicnic,wewouldnotbeabletohelp.二、错综、混合虚拟语气通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“

4、各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。1. IfIhadseenyou,Iwouldnotbesoworriednow.（从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设）2. Ifyouhadnotwatchedtelevisionsolatelastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.（从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设）3. Hadyoufollowedthedoctorssuggestion,youwouldbefinenow.（从句是对过去的彳矍设，主句是对现在的假设）4. IfIhadmadesomemoneylas

5、tsummer,Iwouldgoonholidaynextmonth.（从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设）5. Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturns,youwouldn'tbesotirednow.（从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设）6. IfIwereyourmother,Iwouldletyougooutthisweekend.(从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)三、含蓄虚拟语气虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存

6、在，常用的词语有with,without,butfor,otherwise,or,even,incaseof,whatif(如果将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句(考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。Butforyourencouragement,Iwouldnothavebeenadmittedtothisuniversity.(过去)Withoutwater,allliveswoulddie.(现在)Hefelttootiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedmyparty.(过去)Iwashavingameeting,otherwiseIwouldhave

7、cometoseeyouoff.(过去)四、虚名词性从句的虚拟语气含有should+V的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist),两个命令(order,command),三个建议(suggest,advise,recommend),四个要求(ask,require,demand,request)。1 .宾语从句的虚拟语气Heinsistedthatthemeetingbeputoff.Thegeneralordered(that)allthesoldiers(should)

8、leave.Hegivesordersthatthesoldiers(should)leave.2 .表语从句的虚拟语气Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)stayhereforarest.3 .同位语从句的虚拟语气Thereisnosuggestionthatshe(should)resign.4 .主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况：It's+p.p+that;It's+adj.+that;It's+n.+that常用的动词recommand,demand,desire,order,request,require,suggest

9、,command常用的形容词important,necessary,right,advisable,natural,strange,surprising,regretful,urgent,vital,insistent,essential常用的名词duty,pity,nosurpise,nowonder,shame,regret其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思It'simportantthatyoushouldtakethemedicine.It'sapitythatyoushouldrefusetheinvitation.It'sessentialtha

10、tweshouldlearnsomeknowledgeaboutfistaid.It'sdemandedthatallthestudentsshouldgototheplayground.Itwassuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities.5 .It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。Iconsideritvitalthathe(should)thinkdeeplybeforeacting.Wethinkitnecessar

11、ythatthemeeting(should)beputoff.6 .某些词语如suggest,insist等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。Hersmilesuggestedthatshewasinfavoroftheplan.Weinsistedthatwhattheboydidwaswrong.五.虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用，主要有两种情况：1. wouldrather,It'stime,forfearthatwouldrather在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身wouldrather可以直接接动词原形，构成wouldratherd

12、osth.（thandosth.else）;或者woulddosth.ratherthandosth.else.而虚拟语气的wouldrather是这样使用的wouldrathersb.did（对现在或将来的假设）/haddone（对过去的假设）Iwouldratherhedidn'tgonow.Theywouldrathertheyhadn'tattendedtheparty.It's（about）（high）time（that），从句中常用过去式（有时也用shoulddo）,含建议的意思。汉语的意思为是该做的时候了”，也等于It'stimeforsb.tod

13、osth.Itshightime（that）wewenthome.Itshightimethatwe（should）gohome.Itshightimeforustogohome.forfearthat后面可以接虚拟语气shoulddo,也可以接其他语气，但依然会有一个情态动词。IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshould/mightdisturdyou.II.wish+clause;asif/though+clause;Ifonly这三种情况的虚拟语气有点相似。wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式主要有三种wishsb.did（对现在的虚拟）;wis

14、hsb.haddone（对过去白虚拟）;wishsb.woulddo（对将来白虚拟）.偶尔在对过去的虚拟时，也会出现wishsb.wouldhavedone的情况。IwishIknewwhatwasgoingtohappen.Shewishedshehadstayedathome.IwishIwouldhaveseenherlastnight.此时要注意表示语气很强时用Howsb.Wish+clause,其用法同上。如果要用was依然换成were.HowIwishIwereabird.asif/though出现的虚拟语气主要有两种情况：主句+asif/though引导的状语从句；seem/lo

15、ok/smell+asif/though弓I导的表语从句。主句+asif/though引导的状语从句：主句+asif/though+主语+did/were（对现在的假设）；主句+asif/though+主语+could/woulddo（对将来白假设）；主句+asif/though+主语+haddone（对过去的假设）seem/look/smell等的从句情况基本上和上面一致。Shetalksasifshekneweverything.Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.注意不需要用虚拟语气的情况Ifonly引起的感叹句要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。形式为：用过去式或者w

16、ould/coulddo,表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反的愿望。Ifonlyhewerehere!Ifonlyyouwouldlistentoouradvise!IfonlyIhadnotbeenbusylastweek!Ifonly也可以用于虚拟条件从句中，如：IfonlyIhadmoremoney,Icouldbuyacar!六、虚拟语气测试题I.用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Ifyou(follow)thedoctor,you(be)allrightnow.2. Ifwe(drive)thecarbyturns,you(notbe)sotirednow.3

17、. IfI(be)you,I(notmiss)thatopportunity.4. Ifthey(start)intheearlymorning,they(arrive)soon5.Ifyou(take)anumbrella,you(notbe)wetnow.6. Withoutwater,there(be)nolivingthings.7. Butforyourhelp,we(notfinish)thework.8. Theyoungmaninsistedthathe(do)nothingwrongand(set)free.9. Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you(b

18、e)allrightnow.10. lookattheterriblesituationIamin.IfonlyI(follow)youradvice.11. 单项选择。1. IfIhadenoughtime,Iitbetternexttime.A.willdoB.havedoneC.didD.woulddo2. Ifmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe3. HowIwisheveryfamilyalargehousewithabe

19、autifulgarden.A.hadB.havehadC.willhaveD.hadhad4. Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.hadB.havehadC.hadhadD.have5. Ithroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.wouldn'thavegoneB.didn'tgoC.wouldn'tgoD.hadn'tgone6. -Hewillcometomorrow.-ButIdratherhethe

20、dayaftertomorrow.A.willcomeB.iscomingC.cameD.hadcome7. Whatwouldhavehappened,asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkedfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfarther8. Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.Ithetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.mustn

21、'thavetakenD.needn'thavetaken9. Youmuchbetternowifyouhadtakenthedoctor'sadvice.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.willbeD.shouldbe10. myselftomystudy,Iwouldbesittinginacomfortabletableofficenow.A.IfIdevotedB.ShouldIdevoteC.WouldIdevoteD.HadIdevoted11. itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoZ

22、honshanBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will12. Ifhemyadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow13. noairorwater,therewouldbenolifeintheworld.A.WerethereB.ThereareC.TherewasD.Isthere14. It'shightimethatyourdaughtertoschool.A.wouldbesentB.mustbesentC.shoul

23、dbesentD.issent15. Itisnecessarythattheseexercisebooksassoonaspossible.A.arehandedinB.wouldbehandedinC.willbehandedinD.behandedin16. Mr.Greenrequiresthatthestudentsacompositioneveryotherweek.A.writeB.writtenC.wouldwriteD.willwrite17. ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IthefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcomposition.A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewon18. Brownhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,butthatplanaftertheunpleasantexperienceinAmericain2011.A.hadabandonedB.hasabandonedC.abandonedD.willabandonIII.根据汉语提示，用括号中的单词完成句子。1 .要是他按照医生要求的那样静静地躺着，他现在就不那样受罪了。Ifheh