超级虚拟语气学案

1、虚拟语气学案目 录一、虚拟语气考点1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用4、虚拟语气的倒装形式5、含蓄条件句6其他结构中的虚拟语气7、混合虚拟语气二、精典名题导解三、虚拟语气专项练习一、虚拟语气考点1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（ be 动词的过去式用 were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“ would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。（异想

2、天开）女口： If I were a boy, I would join the army. If She had time, she should go with you.【翻译】：如果我有翅膀，我将飞跃高山。（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“ would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。（事后诸葛亮）女口：If he had take n my advice, he would have succeeded in the competiti on.【翻译】：如果（当时）你仔细一点，这个错误是

3、可以避免的。（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或 should（were to） +动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用 would / should/could might + 动词原形。（杞人忧天）女口；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.【翻译】：如果明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。（请用真实条件句翻译） 万一明天下雨，我们就不得不呆在家里了。（请用虚拟语气可以用 were to或者should ）（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根

4、据它所表示的时间作相应调整。（错综虚拟语气）女口：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.（从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在）【翻译】：如果当时你听了医生的建议，你现在就不会如此难受了。以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had +过去分词should /would/could/might+have +过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时（be用were）would/should/could/might +动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或 should（were to） + 动

5、词原形Would/should/cold/might+ 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“ were / had / should +主语”。（If条件句虚拟语气的省略和倒装）女口： Were I a boy=（） , I would join the army. Hadhe taken myadvice=（）,he would have succeeded. Wereit not for the expense=（）,I would go to Brita in.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。1）“ wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的

6、愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示 现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望， 从句中的谓语动词用“ would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句 中的谓语动词用“ had +过去分词”或“ could（should） + have +过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the an swer.【翻译】：我希望我能像小鸟一样飞翔。2)在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词 suggest、advise、propose、dema nd requir

7、e、 in sist、request、comma nd order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should + 动词 原形或是动词原形。“一”坚持，“二命令”，“三”建议，“四”要求)如： She suggested we (leave) here at once. The doctor ordered she (be) operated.(2) 虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词 advise、idea、order、dema nd pla n、proposal、 suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“ (sho

8、uld ) +动词原形”。如： His suggesti on that we (go)to Shan ghai is won derful. My idea is that they (pay) 100 dollars.(3) 虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“ should +动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、 不相信、理应如此等。如： It is n ecessary(importa nt, n atural, stra nge, etc.)that we should clea n the room every day. It was a pity (a sha

9、me, no won der, etc.)that you should be so careless. It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this after noon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用 虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you can' t swim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运

10、用| (1)虚拟语气在 as if/as though 、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如: He does it as if hean expert.Even if shehere, she could not solve the problem.(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should +动词原形，意思是“(现 在)该”。如： 11' s time that I hter. It ' s

11、high time we g.(3) 虚拟语气用在if only 引导的感叹句中。如： If only I(be)a bird. If only I(take) his advice.(4) 虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。1) 情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委 婉，常出现在日常会话中。如： It etter for you not to stay up too late. (will) you be kind eno ugh to close the door?2) 用于一些习惯表达法中。如： (will) you like a cup of tea? I

12、r not tell you.4、虚拟语气的倒装形式当if从句中含有动词should were或had，从句可以省略if并把上述动词提前， 构成了虚拟语气的倒装形式。例句 1: If I had finished my homework, I would have gone with you.如果我那时写完作业，我就会和你一起去的。倒装结构： ， I would have gone with you.例句 2： If he were here, he would give you a hand.要是他在这里，他会帮助你的。倒装结构： , he would give you a hand.例句

13、3： If it should rain tomorrow, we wouldn' t go out for a walk.万一明天下雨，我们就不能出去散步了。倒装结构： , we wouldn ' t go out for a walk.5、含蓄条件句含蓄条件句就是不用if直接引导的条件句，假想的虚拟条件隐含在情景中，表达这种从句常用于句型“ It is (high)time (that) sb did/sb should do”中的意思和用if引导的条件句是相同的例句 1: Without your help, I couldn' t have done it.没有

14、你的帮助，我是不会完成这件事的。相当于：If you hadn ' t helped, I couldn' t have done it.要是你没有帮助我，我是不会完成这件事的。用介词短语替换if条件句。例句 2： A cleverer ma n would n' t have done that kind of thi ng.聪明一点的人不会做那种事。相当于：If the man had been cleverer, he wouldn ve dortehttnat kind of thing.要是这个人聪明一点，他是不会做那种事的。用形容词比较级替换if条件句。例句

15、 3: I was busy that dayOtherwise I would have gonethere with them.那天我很忙，否则我就和他们一起去了。相当于：If I hadn ' t been busy that dbyvould have gonethere with them.要不是那天我很忙，我就会和他们一起去了。通过上下文情景，可以判断出是虚拟语气。例句 4： To hear him talk, youwould think he was a writer.听他谈话，你会以为他是个作家呢。相当于：If you could hear him talk, you

16、 would think he was a writer.你要是听了他的谈话，还会以为他是个作家呢。动词不定式形式替换if条件句。例句 5: But for your advice, it would have caused a serious loss.要不是有你的建议，将会导致巨大的损失。相当于：If you hadn ' t given us advice, it would have caused a serious loss.要是你没有给我们提建议，将会导致巨大的损失。介词短语替换if条件句。从上面几个例句可以看出：含蓄条件句起到简化句子的作用。但同时在语法角度 又给我们增加

17、了一定的难度，不出现if,有时我们经常把这类条件句当成普通的句子, 导致错误发生考试时经常出现含蓄条件句，在以后的练习中我们要多加注意。6、其他结构中的虚拟语气(1) > if only引导的简单句虚拟语气形式：例句 1、If only he had a good voice.他要是有个好嗓子就好了。例句 2、If only I had not been ill last week!我上周要是没生病就好了。(2) 、would rather接从句，从句谓语动词用过去时形式：例句 1> T d rather we went to see a film.我倒更希望我们去看电影。例句 2

18、、I ' d rather you kept silenee.我倒希望你把嘴闭上。7、混合虚拟语气混合虚拟语气是指一个句子分成两个部分，其中一个部分用虚拟语气形式，另一 个部分不用虚拟语气形式，这种情况我们可以通过上下文情景来分析哪部分是虚拟语 气。例句 1、If anyone should give me gifts, please don' t accept.要是谁给我礼物的话，千万不要收下。句中的前一部分用的是虚拟语气形式，因为不一定会有人送礼物给我，这是一个 虚拟的条件，第二部分用的是祈使语气，说的是实际情况是不能收下，这是一个真实 的动作。例句 2、I took a

19、taxi on my way to the airport, otherwise I would have bee n late.我打车去的机场，否则我一定迟到了。句中第一部分是真实情况，没有用虚拟语气形式，第二部分是不真实的情况，因 为通过上下文情景我们能猜到结果：他没有迟到，因此用了和过去事实相反的虚拟语 气形式。如果这句话完全用虚拟语气形式应该是这样的：If I hadn" t taken a taxion my way to the airport, I might have been late.之前在含蓄条件句里面我彳门曾经举过类似的句子，因此含蓄条件句中属于通过情景来决定

20、的虚拟语气也可以归结 到混合条件句当中。二、精典名题导解选择填空1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it.(NMET 95)A. breaks B.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken解析：答案为Co本题考查的是as if引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if 引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。 题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一

21、般现在时的虚拟，用werebroken。2. I didn ' t see your sister at the meeting. If she, she wouldhave met my brother.(NMET 94)A. has come B.did come C.came D.had come解析：答案为Db本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没 看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟 语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+M去分词。3. If he, hethat food. Luckily he was

22、 sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为Bo本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气 的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气， 故选Bo三、虚拟语气专项练习(一)、用括号内动词的适当形式填空：1、If she(

23、work) harder, she would have succeeded.2、If you(be) in my place, you would do the same things.3、If I had learned English well, I (be) able to sing theEnglish song.4、If she(come) tomorrow, I would tell her the story.5、Without electricity, human life(be) quite different today.6、Thank you for reminding

24、 me of the time, or I(be)late yesterday.7、Had he been more carefuj the mistake(make).8、I wish I(see) you yesterday.(二)、选出最佳选项1. Were it not for the snowy weather, weall right.A. would be B. would have beenC. were D. may be2. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the

25、 captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been3. If heme tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should callB. should not have been ableC. were not ableD. are not able4. If you asked your father, youpermission.A. may get B. might get C. should have called D. maybe get5. today, he w

26、ould get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves6. I you, I would go with him to the party.A. WasB. Had beenC. Will beD. Were7. The millions of calculations invoIved, had they been done by hand,allpractical value by the time they were finished.A. could lo

27、seB. would have lostC. might loseD. ought to have lost8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, heour chairman now.A. must have been B. would have beenC. wereD. would be9. If youJerry Brown until recently, you' d think the photograph on th(right was strange.A. shouldn ' t con

28、tactC. weren ' t to contactB. didn ' t contactD. hadn ' t contacted10. he En glish exami nation I would have gone to the con cert last Sun dayA. In spite of B. But forC. Because ofD. As for11. Look at the terrible situati on lam in! If only Iyour adviceA. followB. would followC. had foll

29、owedD. have followed12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, heour chairmannow.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. hadn ' t contacted13. If the horse won today, itthirty races in five years.A. would have won B. won C. must have wonD. did have won14. There is a real pos

30、sibility that these animals could be frightened,a sudden loudno ise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there wasD. there having been17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but Ifully occupied the whole of last week.A. wereB. had beenC. have beenD. was18. I ap

31、ologize if Iyou, but I assure you it was unintention a 匝意的）.A. offendB. had offendedC. should have offendedD. might have offended19. If you hadn' t taken such a long time to get dressed, we' dA. beB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it

32、 seems as if the sunroundthe earth.D. be circlingD. could have goneD. wereA. were circlingB. circlesC. is circling21. I wish that Iwith you last night.A. wentB. have goneC. could go22. I wish Iwith her.A. would beB. amC. was23. I wish that Ithe con cert last n ight.A. couldB. have attendedC. could h

33、ave attended D. attended24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish Ito it.A. had not goneB. have not goneC. did not goD. can not have gone25. “I wish youme to put these things away,” he said.A. will helpB. helpC. are helpingD. would help26. If the Watergate IncidentNixon would not have res

34、igned from thepreside ncy.A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurringD. be circling27. I hadn' t expectedJames to apologize but I had hoped .A. him calling meB. that he would call meC. him to call meD. that he call me28. George would certainly have attended the meeting,.A. if he di

35、dn' t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn' t happenedC. had he not had a flat tireD. had the tire not flattened itself29. The teacher suggested that her studentsexperiences with ESP.A. write a composition on theirB. to write composition about theC. wrote some compositions of his or her

36、D. had written any compositions for his30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if hea Chinese.A. were B. had beenC. isD. has been31. As usual, he put on a show as though his tripa great success.A. had been B. has beenC. wereD. was32. Looking round the town, he felt as though heaway for ages.A. has been

37、B. wasC. isD. had beenthBeJjqhndwso strongly built that he looks as if heas elephant.A. liftsB. is liftingC. liftedD. could lift34. He described the town as if heit himself.A. had seenB. has seenC. sawD. sees35. At that thought he shook himself, as though hefrom an evil dream.A. wokeB. wakesC. would

38、 wakeD. had woke36. Most in sura nee age nts would rather youanything about collecting claimsuntil they investigate the situation.A. doB. don' tC. didn ' tD. didn ' t do37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know whotheirnatural parents are, some who have found them wish tha

39、t they the experienee of meeti ng.A. hadn ' tB. didn 't have had C. hadn ' t hadD. hadn ' t haveIt is important that the TOEFL office A. will confirm B. confirm your registration.C. confirmsD. must confirmWithout electronic computers, much of todayA. will not have been achievedC. wou

40、ld not have been achieved He speaks Chinese as fluently as if hete cahdnvoalnocgeyd.B. have not been achievedD. had not been achieved a Chinese.A. were B. had been C. isD. has beenIt is time that the government measures to protect the rare birds andanimals.A. takes B. took C. has taken D. takingSome

41、 people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant _all diplomas from elementary school to university.A. has B. will have C. should have D. must haveHe was very busy yesterday, otherwise he to the meeting.A. would come B. came C. would have comeD. had comeI must say he r

42、eads very well, and I shouldn' t be surprised if he51. It ' s high time they this road.A. mendB. mended C. must have mended D. will mend52. It ' s about time people notice of what women did during the war.A. takeB. took C. have taken D. will take53. Everybody has arrived. It' s time

43、we the class.A. shall startB. would startC. had started D. start54. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for55. Mary _my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A. has receivedB. ought to have receivedC. couldn &#

44、39; t have receivedD. shouldn ' t have received56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he to see his classmates off.A. cameB. would come C. would have come D. should be coming57. He ' s working hard for fear that he .A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fall

45、behindacti5n8g. fWorithout the dreams of the youth, this invention might for a century.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.a living one day.A. had taken upB. takes upC. have taken up D. would have taken upIf I had seen the movie, I you all about it now.A. would tell B. will tellC. have toldD. wou

46、ld have toldI hadn ' t expected Henry to apologize but I had hoped .A. him to call me upB. him calling me upC. that he would call me upD. that he will call meI had hoped that John a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for threemonths.A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spendI had hope

47、d that Jennifer a dooctr, but she wasn ' t good enough at science.A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomesI ' d rather you anything about it for the time being.A. do B. didn 't do C. don ' t D. didn 'tI ' dstjuas soon rudely to her.A. that you won ' t speakB. y

48、ou not speakingC. you not speakD. you didn ' t speakA. have been postponedB. has been postponedC. postponeD. be postponed59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives in the home.A. worked B. would workC. workD. were working60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more ma

49、ture one, it requires that the child psychologically ready for the new idea.A. is B. were C. be D. would be61. Tom ' sthfaer, as well as his mother, in New York for a few days more.A. ask him to stayB. ask he to stayC. asks he stays D. asks he stay62. Your advice that till next week is reasonabl

50、e.A. she waitsB. she waitC. wait sheD. she waited64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing65. It is appropriate that some time thorough study of the results of the Apollomission.A. devotes toB. devoted toC. is devoted toD. be devot

51、ed to答案与详解1 . A.条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。2 . B.条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。3. A.条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。4. B.条件句表示与未来事实的相反。5. C.条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。6 . D.条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。7. B.这个句子中含有一个省略if ,把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（ B）would have lost为正确答案。8. （D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了i

52、f ,把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would（should, could, might）+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。9. （D） until recently ,因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件 句。10. （ B）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that 、without, 由连词but 畐廿词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，

53、但 事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选But for为正确答案。11. （C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）o12. D.注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。13. A.从句对过去的虚拟。14. B.从句表不虚拟，而主句是事实。17. （D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而 but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表 陈述的时态，即一般过去时。18. （B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize（抱歉）来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，