名词性从句大扫描doc

1、名词性从句大扫描内容简介：1、名词性从句简介2、名词性从句“误区 ” 5、名词性从句考点归纳分析下列各句：难点强化3、名词性从句典型错误6、高考试题中的名词性从句4、走出名词性从句的1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.2. Whether he will come hasn t been decided. = It hasn t been decided whether he will come.3. Who let out the news remained unknown. = I

2、t remained unknown who let out the news.4. Why he didn t come here is not clear to anyone. = It is not clear to anyone why he didn t come here.5. Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.一名词性从句简介1、主语从句主语从句在从句中作主语，主语从句可以位于句首，但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it 。注意：连词that, whether在从句中不

3、担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether 引导主语从句时不能用if代替。注意： who, which, how, when, where, why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。注意： who, whom, which, what等可以和ever 构成合成词，引导主语从句和宾语从句。此类主语从句不能用it引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。另外，有的“ It主语从句”已成为固定结构。如：a. It is +名词从句It is a pity that we cant go.b. It is形容词从句It is clear tha

4、t Tom has returned.c. It is过去分词从句It is said / reported / believed / known主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：(1 ） It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(2 ）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It occur

5、red to him that he failed in the examination.That he failed in the examination occurred to him.×(3 ）It doesn t matter how/whether结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：It doesn t matter whether he is wrong or not.Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.××(4 ）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Is it likely that it

6、will rain in the evening?Is that will rain in the evening likely?×(5) if引导的主语从句Does it matter if he can t finish the job on time?If she likes the present is not clear to me.×1I don t know what I was thinking of. I wonder if I might give you a necklace. .2. I expect（ that ） I shall be back

7、on Sunday.3. He doesnt want it to be known that he is going away.4. I consider it necessary that he should do it again.5.I don t think he will see you. I dont believe he will go.6.We dont expect he is coming. I dont think he can do it, can he?7.I don t think he can do it, can he? I dont think you ar

8、e right, are you?8. I insisted that he（ should ） do it at once. She suggested that the work（should ） be finished at once.9. The teacher is satisfied with what I said.10.I m afraid that I will be late. Im glad that you passed the exam.2、宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句是宾语从句1）作动词宾语在口语中， that引导宾语从句时常常省略。但两个that从句并列时后边

9、的that一般不省略。若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it.在 think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。如：注：此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I 或 we.而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动在 suggest, insist, demand, order, require等表示建议，命令，要求的动词后，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如：2）作介词宾语3）作 afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容词的宾语。1. The rumour that there will be a

10、n earthquake soon spread all over the area.2. They have no hope that he will recover.3. I have no idea where they have gone.4. Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.比较： The news that our team won the game is true.The news that you haveheard isn t true.The news is that our team won t

11、he game.3同位语从句如果担任同位语的是个句子，则这个句子是同位语从句。同位语从句表示先行名词的具体内容，能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question,order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason等。引导同位语从句常用连词that ，它在句中不担任句子成分，没有词意。除that外，还有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等。可以引导同位语从句。同位语从句与先行名词有时也可以分开。注：同位语从句与定语从句的

12、区别：（1）同位语从句的先行名词极为有限，而定语从句的先行词则不计其数。（2）引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that 则在从句中作主语，宾语等。引导同位语从句的wh 一词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh 一词则没有疑问意义。（ 3）同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可以转述为主表关系，而定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系。（ 4） when 和 where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和 where 前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则 when 和 where 引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：They

13、 put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.1. The problem is where we can hold our meeting问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。2. It seems that everything goes smoothly . 似乎一切都进行得很顺利。3. The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed .其原因是水的温度低于所

14、需要的温度。4. That is what he really wants . 那就是他真想要的东西。4表语从句在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后 .1. be, seem, look 等动词后均可跟表语从句： It seems that it is going to rain.It looks as if it is going to rain.2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。 It was because I got up late.二、名词性从句难点强化1：表命令建议的名词后的表语从句。在 order,( 命令

15、）， suggestion, advice( 建议）等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即： ”should+ 动词原形 “， should 常可省。如： His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.的区别 : that 用于表示肯定的意义，而whether 表疑问。I don t doubt that he will win. (I m sure)It doesn t matterIt makes no differenceIt is uncertainIt is no

16、t made clearIt is still a questionIt is not decidedwhetherIt is to be found outIt is to be decidedI doubt/wonder/have no idea/don t know3:名词性从句皆用陈述语序。I wonder how much this pair of shoes costs.I want to know where you had put my pen.时态 :( 与间接引语基本一致)如果主句是现在时，从句时态可以不变，但如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时

17、态。当从句是客观真理,定义、公理、定理时用一般现在时。宾： I know he lives here.He asked whether his father would come back.The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.表： That is what I was worried about two days ago.It looked as if it was going to rain.4:that 的省略that 引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用,本身没有任何意义,因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分,它的使用须注

18、意以下几点:主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that 但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we don t have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.宾语从句中的连接词that 有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that 不能省略：（A ）当 that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that 不可省略；（ B）当 that 从句

19、与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that 不能省；（ C）当 that 作介词宾语时， that 不可省掉。如：He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.D.当主语为the reason 时 ,注意应用that引导其表语从句,不能受汉语影响而误用because。例如:The reas

20、on why he was late was that he missed the early bus.他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车.( 此句中的 that 不可用 because 代替 )that 从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （ B） It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonderthat .（ C） It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that（ D ） It

21、 seems/happensthat。如：It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.that 引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略 .如果 it 作形式主语 ,而 that 从句置于句末 , 这时 that 可以省略。例如 :That he has lost his work is not true.他丢了工作不是真的。=It is not true (that) he has lost his work.5: who, whoever, whom和 whomever在

22、引导名词性从句时,在句中作主语时用who, 意思是 "谁 ",含有疑问意味,whoever 是它的强语势" 无论谁 ", 不含有疑问意味。表示 .的人，相当于 the person who, 或 anyone who Whoever breaks the law will be punished.注意区别： 疑问词+ ever 可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑问词+

23、 ever 还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever you do, you must do it well.( = No matter what you do, you must do it well.)Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,(=No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.)(让步状语，意为无论谁） no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。作宾语时用whom, 其相应强语势为whomever 。判别时要根据句意以及在句中的语法功能来决定该用哪个引导词。例如

24、:Who has taken away my bag is unknown.谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用Whoever显然句意不通 )Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight.无论谁想看这部电影今晚可以和我们一起去 .(Whoever wants 相当于 Anybody who wants, 意为 " 凡是想 的人 " 。这里不可换为 Who 。 ) Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁作候选人了 ?

25、You can give the ticket to whomever you like.你可以把票给任何你想给的人。6： because引导的表语从句Because 可以引导表语从句，但通常只用于” This/That/It i/was because结构中”注意：在表语从句中 ,当 reason 做主语时 ,引导词只能用 that,不能用 because, 即 the reason is that the reason (why ) is that如 :The reason was that he didn t catch the early bus. 原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。The

26、reason why he is absent from work is that he is seriously ill.7: 注意 what/ that/ which 引导词与定语从句的引导词的区别what 与 which引导名词性从句时都在从句中充当句子的某一成份,如主语、表语、宾语或定语。what 表示泛指的事物 ,常译为 " 什么 " 或" 所 的事物 ",what=all that, everything that 在从句中作主，宾，表语。I don t believe what he said.(I don t believe all th

27、at he said.)whatever 是它的强语势 " 无论什么 "不能引导定语从句。E.g: I believe what (whatever) he says.我相信他说的 (不管他说什么我都相信 ) 。that 在所有的名词性从句中都不作任何成分。That he is to take charge of our factory is already an open secret.which 表示特定事物中的"哪一个 (些 )", 一般情况下在从句中充当定语,后接名词 ,在一定的语境中 ,它所修饰的名词可以省略,whichever 是它的强语势

28、"无论哪一个 (些 )" 。 在名词性从句中加上名词做主语 宾语eg: I don t know which answer is right.?I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 这个书架上的 (任何一本 )书 ,只要她喜欢,我都会给她。在定语从句中，单独做主语宾语eg: I see a film which was popular in the past.that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；eg: I knew thatI was wrong.在

29、定语从句中作宾语 主语eg: I get the very news that is important to me.三、主语从句典型错误1： That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.2: He will give up his job surprises all of us.3:No matter who breaks the law will be punished.4:If the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.5: That worried her

30、 a bit thathe couldn t get in touch with her friend.6: He is said he has gone to America.表语从句典型错误：1： The reason why I was late was because I missed the train.2: -I rang you at about ten, but there is no reply.-Oh, that was probably why I was seeing the doctor.3: The difficult we now meet with is if

31、we can persuade him to tell the truth.四、走出名词性从句的“误区 ”误区之一：混淆that 与 what 的用法1. That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.（ 误）What they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.（正）解析： that 在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在句子中充当句子

32、成分；么”或 “的东西或事情”，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语等。本句中的what 则表示 “什what 充当discuss 的宾语。误区二：混淆that 与 why 的用法2. Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years.（ 误 ）Why farmland here is being lost is that farmers have cut down too many trees in recent years.（正）解析： why 引导的名

33、词性从句或reason 作主语时，引导表语从句的引导词用that 而不用because。 Because 也可以引导表语从句，常用于This / That is because的句式中。误区三：混淆if 与 whether 的用法Whether 可以用于所有的名词从句中，if 常用于宾语从句中，两者都不能省略。3. If the famous scientist will come to attend the agricultural conference is not known yet.（误）Whether the famous scientist will come to attend

34、the agricultural conference is not known yet.正）解析： if 与 whether 引导宾语从句时经常可以互换。但在下列情况下常使用whether:1. 从句中提出两种选择时,或句中有or not 时；2. 作介词时的宾语时 ;3. 从句提前时 ;4. 引导主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句时；5. 放在不定式前 ,与不定式组成词组时 ;6. 作 discuss 等词的宾语时 ;e.g. He was not sure whether he ought to laugh or cry.I worry about whether I hurt her f

35、eelingsWhether he will come or not I don t quite know.We discussed whether we should close the shop.She hasn t decided whether to go or not.1.I don t know whether / if I can come. = I dontknow whether I can come or not.2.We worried about whether he was in good health or not.3.The question is whether

36、 you can do it yourself.Whether they will win is all the same to me.The question whether he should come himself or send anotherone hasn t beendecided.4.I haven t decided whether to go there or not.误区四 : 遗漏连词that4. People in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much.That people

37、in that area often go hungry worries the local officials very much.1. 宾语不止一个时, 第一个 that 可以省略 , 而其他的that 常不可以省略。（ 误（正）e.g. I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us.解析 : that 在引导宾语从句时常可省略,但在下列情况下常不可以省去:2. That 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时.3.宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时

38、.4.介词 except, but, besides, in 等后跟 that 引导的宾语从句时 .5. 当 it 作形式宾语，后接 that 引导的宾语从句时。如：E.g. We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.6.当 that 引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that(或 this) 时， that 常不可省略。如：e.g. Comrade Wang t

39、old me that that was why he was not a little tired.He said that this was not his book, but his sister s.7. 当 when, who, what, where, why, how 等引导的从句与 that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。如：E.g. I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.I m sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.8. tha

40、t 引导的宾语从句位于句首时。如：E.g. That she ever said such a thing I simply don t believe.That you could complete the project so soon I never thought.误区五：混淆no matter w ho/ what 与 whoever / whatever5. No matter who destroys the forest will be punished.（ 误）Whoever destroys the forest will be punished .（正 ）解析： what

41、ever, whoever, whichever 等一些连词既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；而 no matter who / what 只能引导让步状语从句而不能引导名词性从句。五、名词性从句考点归纳考点之一：考查that 与 whate.g. 1. _we can't get seems better than _we have.A. What ; whatB. What ; thatC. That ; thatD. That ; what (NMET'96)分析：在名词性从句中that 与 what 的区别是： that 在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作

42、用；而 what 在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，而且充当句子成分。句子的意思是：我们得不到的似乎比我们已经拥有的要好。此题考查了两个名词性从句：主语从句和宾语从句，what 在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语。考点之二：考查it 作形式主语或形式宾语e.g. 2. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET '95)A. ThereB. ThisC. That D. It分析：为了保持句子的平衡，往往用it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是 th

43、at 引导的主语从句往往用 it 作形式主语。此句也可以改写为： That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.考点之三：考查名词性从句的语序e.g. 3.The photographs will show you _. ( MET ' 89)A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like分

44、析：名词性从句应用陈述语序；再根据句型what does sb. / sth. look like?, 所以选 B.考点之四：考查 whether 与 ife.g. 4. _ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET ' 96)A. IfB. WhetherC. ThatD. Wherewhether 与 if 的区别是：在引导宾语从句分析：句意为：我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。时两者可以互换，但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，以及介词后面的宾语从句或后面紧跟 or not 时，常用 whether

45、 ,而不用 if 。5. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海 2001）A. when B. how C. whetherD. whywhether 引导的是表分析：句意为：医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。语从句。考点之五：考查whatever, whoever.与no matter what / who.e.g.6. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interest

46、s.(上海1995）A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoeverD. no matter who分析：句意为：Sarah 希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。注意：导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句；而no matter what / who .先排除 A 和 D ，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever 错。whatever, whoever. 既可以引只能引导让步状语从句。首考点之六：考查名词性从句的虚拟语气e.g. 7. It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.（上海1993 ）

47、A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master分析：句意为：大学生至少掌握一门外语是必要的。that 引导的主语从句中谓语动词用的是虚拟语气。我们应注意：1).在句型： 1. It is necessary / important / natural / strange, etc. that .2. It is a pity / shame / no wonder, etc. that .3. It is suggested / requested / proposed / desired, etc. that .中， that 从

48、句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气"(should) + 动词原形 " 。2). 表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，这类动词有： suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。3). 主语是 suggestion, proposal, request 等表示 “建议、请求、命令、要求、决定”等意义的词时，表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +动词原形 ”。4). 表示 “建议、请求、命令、要求、决定”等意义的名词后边的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟

49、语气 "(should) +动词原形 " 。1987-2006 年高考试题中的名词性从句1._ you have done might do harm to other people. ( 87 )A. ThatB. WhatC. Which2. They have no idea at all _. ( 87 )A. where he has goneB. where did he goC. which place he has goneD. where he has gone3. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the

50、lights. ( 88 )A. AnyoneB. The personC. Whoever4. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _. ( 88 )A. where he is most neededB. where he neededC. where he is mostly neededD. where is he mostly neededD. ThisD. Who5. These photographs will show you _. ( 89 ) A. what does our village look like B. what ou

51、r village looks likeC. how does our village look likeD. how our village looks like6. Can you make sure _ the gold ring? ( 90 )A. where Alice had putB. where had Alice putC. where Alice has putD. where has Alice put7. No one can be sure _ in a million years. ( 91 )A. what man will look likeB. what will man look likeC. man will look like whatD. what look will man like8. _ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. ( 92 )A. WheneverB. IfC. Whether9. It worried her a bit _ her hair w