把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来 新课标 人教版

1、把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来 高考英语单项选择题中难句句式特点初探为了达到“把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来”（普通高中英语课程标准（实验）这一目的，近年来的高考英语试题中出现了一些比较难以理解的句子。有些考生常常会因为这些难句而丢分。其个中原因除了考生本身所掌握的词汇不多外，最为重要的是考生不懂得这些难句的句子结构，无法分析句子的成分。试题所给的这些句子或信息量大，或结构较为复杂，给考生快速阅读和充分理解造成很大困难。通过分析，笔者认为这些难以理解的句子有以下几个特点：附加成分较多；分隔现象普遍；采用省略结构；简单结构复杂化；特殊结构费揣摩。举例如下：一、附加成分较多1. M

2、r. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. （01上海春，36）Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up （划线选项为该题答案。下同。）此题测试的基本语言点是：devoteto, to 为介词，后面应接名词或动词的ing形式。由于all后有个省略了that的定语从句he had修饰，使得考生误以为是测试have to do sth.的用法，而误选A项。2.It was unbelievable that the fans

3、 waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars. (05 上海，35) A. had B. having C. to have D. have此题考查考生对非谓语动词的掌握和运用能力。根据句意应用动词不定式充当目的状语。由于试题设计者在目的状语前面加上了地点(outside the gym)和时间(for three hours)两个状语来修饰谓语动词，从而就使得被测试者难以看出本题的真正的测试目的。二、分隔现象普遍所谓分隔现象是指原本属于一个意群的部分被其它成分插入而造成的分离现象。这种分隔现

4、象包括：主谓分隔、定语分隔、同位语分隔、助动词与实意动词间的分隔等。（一）主谓分隔3. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (04北京，28) A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 句子的主语是the teacher，而不是the teacher、6 girls及8 boys，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。4. Nowadays, a large number of women, espec

5、ially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. (05辽宁，21)Ais working Bworks Cwork Dworked句中的especially those from the countryside 是插入语，真正的主语是a number of women, 因此谓语动词用复数形式。（二）定语分隔5. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (NMET01, 22.)

6、A. until B. that C. when D. where 此题的主干是：The film brought the hours_ I was taken good care of in that far-away village。_ I was taken good care of in that far-away village 是定语从句，the hours 是先行词，表示时间，故空白处填when。back to me 插入其中，影响理解。6. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for

7、three years. (02上海春, 26)A. is B. are C. have been D. has been 此句中of the students 分隔了先行词the only one和定语从句who _ a winner of scholarship for three years，形成干扰，使得考生误选C项。（三）同位语分隔7. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (04

8、上海，40) A. when B. where C. what D. thatthat Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court是主语A story的同位语。由于该同位语较长而谓语较短，为保持句子平衡，故将谓语动词goes紧跟着主语，进而使主语A story与同位语分隔。8. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. (0

9、5浙江，15)Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich 为了不产生歧义，测试者将with my secretary插入word与同位语that he would call again in the afternoon之间。这样一来，此题的难度就增加了。（四）助动词与实意动词的分隔9. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day. (2000上海，38)A. does B. did C. has to D. had to 这是一个强调谓语的句子。时间状语the other day表示过去，所以用did + 动词原形。然而副词however

10、插入其中，使考生不知所然。三、采用省略结构句子结构的省略造成句子的不完整，也就影响了测试者对句子的理解。因此，解题时要尽力读懂句子，找出所省略的成分，做出正确的选择。（一）助动词的省略10. _ be sent to work there? (02上海，39) A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should这是由Who引导的一个特殊疑问句，Who对宾语从句的主语提问。suggest后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要

11、用should + 动词原形，should可以省略。当然这道题也考查了词序，增大了试题的难度。11.- Don't you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?- I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. (05江苏，33)A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; whatIt is necessary that 句

12、型中的谓语动词常用“should + 动词原形”结构，should可以省略；又因第二空中要填的词在从句中不作任何句子成分，故选择B。（二）引导词的省略12. He hasnt slept at all for three days. he is tired out. (05湖北, 30)AThere is no point BThere is no need CIt is no wonder DIt is no way It is no wonder that 是固定句型，含义为：难怪。该句型中不仅that 可以省略，就连it is也可以省略。（There is no point in doi

13、ng sth.; There is no need no do sth.）13. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there? (05北京，35)A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn选项she can turn to 是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句。（三）上下文的省略14. - I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind

14、looking after my cat? - Not at all. _. (NMET '94) A. I've no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like it D. I'd be happy to 本题选D。根据上文的Would you mind looking after my cat?一句，I'd be happy to 后省略了look after your cat。（四）从句中的省略15. Sugar, when _ with water, dissolves quickly. (05上海春，43)A

15、. mixed B. mixing C. mix D. is mixed 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语或 it 与be 动词可以省略，所以本题应选A。完整的句子为：Sugar, when it is mixed with water, dissolves quickly.16. What would have happened _, as far as the river bank? (01上海，40) A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farth

16、er D. if Bob walked farther 如果虚拟条件从句中含有were, had 或 should，可以把if省略，而将谓语中的 were, had 或 should 移到主语之前，构成省略倒装句。该题中主句谓语动词用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式(would have happened)，所以空白处要填上与之相适应的条件从句，即含有过去完成时的条件句(if Bob had walked farther)。根据虚拟条件从句可省略的原则，该题的答案为C。四、简单结构复杂化17. The managers discussed the plan that they would lik

17、e to see _the next year. (2000全国, 22)Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out 此题测试的基本结构是：动词 + 宾语 + 补足语（see sth. done）。由于此结构用在定语从句中，且动词see的宾语that（关系代词）被置于they would like to see之前，从而使得句子复杂了。18. You will find as you read this book that you just can't keep some of these stones to _. You w

18、ill want to share them with a friend. (05湖南, 33) A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves 本题考查反身代词的用法。根据句中的share（分享）的提示可以推断出前面的意思是：“当你读这本书时，你会发现其中有些故事你不想独自看”。这就意味着空白处所填之词应与主语you保持一致，即用yourself。由于题干较长，试题难度加大。五、特殊结构费揣摩 倒装句、强调句、with的复合结构等特殊结构在试题中的运用比较频繁。（一）倒装句的运用：19. In the dark forests _, some l

19、arge enough to hold several English towns. （05辽宁, 35）Astand many lakes Blie many lakes Cmany lakes lie Dmany lakes stand 本句的主语后面有一个同位结构，为了句子的平衡而使用了倒装句。20. Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (05上海39) A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city

20、 D. this city was 21. They have a good knowledge of English but little _they know about German. （05天津） A. have B. did C. had D. do 22. On top of the books _ the photo album youre looking for. (05上海春，30) A. is B. are C. has D. have 23. _ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagasca

21、r for further research. (05江苏, 35)A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 这四个句子采用倒装句式是为了修辞的需要，即强调句中的部分成分，如例句18和例句19中的否定副词never 和little，例句20和例句21中的表语on top of the books和so curious。24. _, Carolina couldn't get the door

22、 open. (05广东，23)A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try 25. _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. (05 重庆，27) A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may a student 从结构上来讲，当

23、as引导让步状语从句时，需要用倒装句式。（二）强调句的运用26. It was only with the help of the local guide _. (04上海春，37) A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescued C. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then the mountain climber was rescued 27. It is what you do rather than what you say _

24、matters. (05天津, 9)A. that B. what C. which D. this 强调句式的基本结构是：It is / was + 被强调部分 + who / that, 如果被强调的是人就用who，否则就用that。28. It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply. (05全国I, 30)A. since B. when C. as D. that 29. It was _ back home after the experiment . (04湖北, 24) Anot unti

25、l midnight did he go Buntil midnight that he didnt go Cnot until midnight that he went Duntil midnight when he didnt go 当强调“not. until”结构时, 须将not until一并放在被强调部分，且that后面接肯定句式。30. Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say? (04上海，43) A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D.

26、 How it is that 31. - _ that he managed to get the information?- Oh, a friend of his helped him. （05山东, 31）A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it强调句的测试中，比较麻烦的是特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词 + is / was it + 被强调部分 + that ？（三）with的复合结构的运用32. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend. （04北京, 33） A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of 33. It was a pity that the great writer died _