英美概况复习资料英国部分

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Chapter oneThe landFull name: 1.“United Kingdom of Great Britain And Northern ireland”2.“Britain” comes from “Brythons” (300BC)3.“England” comes from the “Anglo-saxon” conquerors. Means “Angla-land” , It also known as “Angles”Location: 1.English islands are seperated by “North sea” “Eng

2、lish channel “ “Dover strait” 2.50 degree and 60 degree north latitude 2 degree east and 8 degree west longitude 3.The prime meridian of 0 degree passes thorgh “Greenwich” 4.“on which sun never sets” Landforms: 1.Lowland area : Midland, Southern and eastern England. 2.Highland area:pennines, the lak

3、e district, most of Wales and Scotland 3.England and Northern ireland are plains 4.Wales and scotland most are mountainous and highland.The rivers and lakes 1.The most important river: The Thames River,passes through the centre of London. 2.The longest river: The Serven River(流浪剑客之河，锤子长) 3.The Merse

4、y River: Manchester by a ship canal,port Liverpool. 4.The most beautiful part in English: The lake District. 5.The largest lake:the Lake Neagh northern irelandThe Climate 1.temperate,maritime climate:damn,warm 2.London is a foggy city. 3.Rains a lot.lesssunny4.Weathers are instable.Population Includ

5、ing: English (anglo-saxon); Scottish ; Welsh(Celts) ; Irish(celtis)Religion (most important part) 1.Conclusion: UK is a christian Country. 2.Established Church: The church of England. 3.The head of church: Queen or king, crowned by archbishop of canterbury westminster Abbey. Henry VIII 4.Kinds: a.Pr

6、otestantism(Free church) b. non-christain religions: Buddhist, Jews, The Moslems c.Roman catholic is quite weak cause of the failure of Roman colonistsMajor cities London: The capital of England and UK. Inner outer Edinburgh: The capital of Scotland Cardiff : The capital of Wales coal shipping port

7、Belfast: The capital of Northern ireland.Birmingham: The second largest city in Britain.Glascow: The largest city in Scotland.Manchester: The oldest city in Britain and the centre of the textile industry.Chapter TwoCurrency and banking:pound sterling1. Old system: 1 pound = 20 shillings, 1 shillings

8、= 12 pence2.New system: 1 pound = 20 pence Cupronickel Coins: 50p 10p 5p Bronze: 2p 1p 0.5pPaper:1 pound , 5pound, 10 pound, 20pound3.The Bank of England is Britains Central bank. Both as a agent of government and for its own profits.4.”Big Four” : Lloyd, Barclay, Midland, National westminster Bank

9、group.Chapter three The Monarchy1. constitutional monarchy :Queen or king(Queen Elizabeth II)2.Theoretically: The Monarchy has all the power-“Head of government” ,”Pardon criminal”, “Commander-in-chief of army forces”, “The head of The church of England”, “Declearing war”3.In reality: All the power

10、rights are on the advice of prime minister. A formality of appointment.4.Monarchys importance: a. Public attitude. b. a symbol that queen seems helpful.5.Her royal duties: a. Visiting many parts of Britainic, cheer those workers up. b.Paying visit to foreign countries. c.To other Commonwelth countri

11、es.ParliamentThe Uk is a unitary, not a federal country.Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in the realm.Consists: Sovereign(queen,give out a speech), House of lord(consists of peers. The head names The Lord Chancellor.) , House of Commons(650member,elected from 650 constitiencies. The m

12、eeting places: A Chamber, named St.Stephens Chapel)Mainfunction: debating, passing legislation and supervising the goverment and finance.Method of legislation:a. Providing a bill by either The commons or lords. Lord cannot come up with any bills involving finance and money. b. The house of lord Cann

13、ot delay nor involve the bills of financeGovernment1. Britain is a constitutional Monarchal country. Prime minister and other ministers that they all are appointed by Queen.2. A lot of ministers except for three specially titled ministers: The chancellor of the Exchequer(财政部长). The lord chancellor.3

14、.Civil Service The civil service is non- political, servants will not get changed when government changed its main leading party. Only by public competition.4.The Cabinet, Prime minister decided that few people can get into this group. There are few ministers of important department, and some other

15、ministers without department.5.The Privy Council: All the ministers and ex-ministers. Gave as an honour, and entitled to the prefix “The right honourable” before their name.6.The prime minister: Control both Cabinet and Parliament that as he is the leader of the majority party in the Commons.General

16、 Election 5 years a time. Two principle parties: Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Some people who cannot be the voter: people under 18. Peers, Lunatics, the people who have already has seat in the house of Lords , Churchman.Chapter Four(History):Earliest man in Britain.Iberians, from Iberian

17、 peninsula 3000BC,However, Only some stone monuments remained. Celts : 700BC Two Celts invasions:1. Gaels or Goidels , found in Ireland and Scotland. 2. Cymric and Brythons, found in wales. Roman Britain1. twice invaded by Roman troops under Julius Caesar in 55BC and 54BC2. Roman province beginning

18、of 5TH century3. 410AD,Roman troops back to continent4. 3 things of value:Welsh Christianity,the roman roadside, cities(London) Angol-Saxon British1. 5TH century three Teutonic groups,Angles,Saxons and Jutes, migrate from the region of Denmark and the Low Countries and settle in British2. by the end

19、 of 7th century all england had been Christianized,and by 737 the Church of England had been well organized3. the development of agriculture and trade(原因)social class:king, earl, thegn, freeman, serfs Feudal society1. 1066,William of Normandy defeated english army at the battle of HastingsAfter Norm

20、an Conquest, feudalism was established in englandSocial class:king, vassals, tenants2. The Great charter:1215,limit the kings power Decline of feudalism1. the hundred years war(1337-1453)a feudal war, a trade war:accelerated the breakdown of feudal society,the burden on the feudal lords and merchant

21、, the new bourgeoisie 2. black death:shortage of labour, wages and freedom to wage labours, accelerated the breakdown of the manorial system 3. Wat Tylers Unrising 4. Wars of the Roses:Lancastrians red rose, Yorkists white rose(1455-1485) Old feudal nobility was greatly weakened The Bourgeois Revolu

22、tion1. Grand Remonstrance:tyannical rule, rights of free trade and commerceChapter Five early writing 1. Beowulf:Anglo-saxon times2. Middle ages:French ar Latine, The Canterbury tales by Geoffrey Chaucer3. King Arthur,Thomas Malory <morte Dauthur>(death of arthur) Elizabethan Drama:The Renaiss

23、ance1. Christopher Marlowe:Dr Faustus2. William Shakespeare:tragedies, comedies, history playsHamlet Romeo and Juliet 19 century novel1. romantic movement:keats, shelley, Wordsworth2. Beonte sisters:charlotte(jane eyre), emily(wuthering heights),anne3. Charles Dickens:greatest british storyteller of

24、 19th (oliver twist, a tale of two cities, david copperfield) 20 century1. Modernism:Virginia Woolf, Mrs Alloway(stream of consciousness)2. Postmodernism:George OrwellChapter six Tennis:Wimbledon fortnight,London suburb, grass courts,1. eating strawberries and cream, drinking champagne and hoping that it doesnt rain2. invented in britain Church3. Tim Henman Cricket:one of the very first team sports 1. upper classess, boys who attented public schools2. colonies of australia, new zealand, india, pakistan3. it is regarded as