废水中悬浮物测定英文版

1、Experimentthe determination of suspended solid in wastewaterThe purpose and requirements of the experiment1. Learn the method of the determination about suspended solid (call SS hereinafter);2. Review the usage of analytical balance and the error about operation;3. Know the mean of washing residuum

2、in filter;4. Know SSs the danger and the relative with turbidity;Experimental program1. Experimental instruments and drugsFilter paper and funnel;Analytical balance and weighing bottle;Drying oven;Water of Yellow River.2. Experimental stepsOven dry and weigh before filter: chill weighing bottle afte

3、r take out from drying oven. Then weigh weighing bottle twice with folded filter paper, recording the data, and the D-value between two times must less than 0.2mg.Filtering and oven dry: take Yellow River water 50mL, 50mL, 100mL, with mixing. Then respectively filter them and washing water of the be

4、aker. After filtering, wash the residuum three times in funnel. Ultimately take filter and remains into weighing bottle, and oven dry them 1.5 hours with 104 in drying oven.Weighing: when weighing bottle and remains have cooled, weigh them, recording the data, and the D-value between two times must

5、less than 0.2mg.Experimental result and data handlingThe data about SSWeight after the first oven dry(g)Weight after the second oven dry(g)Residuum(g)mass concentration of SS (mg/L)50mL water43.135643.125343.211243.21060.0805161050mL water44.095444.095944.173244.17390.07791558100mL water43.586243.58

6、5843.798743.79930.21302130According to following formula we can calculate the mass concentration of SS in Yellow River.Notes: mA refers to the mass of residuum + filter paper and weigh bottle (g) mB refers to the mass filter paper and weigh bottle (g) V refers to the volume of water sample (mL)Concl

7、usion1. Data reliability analysisThe average of the mass concentration The standard deviation of the mass concentrationThe relative standard deviation of dataFrom the table, we can easily see the third data is error. If it is right, the data of residuum in third water sample would be twice than othe

8、rs. When we took samples, we have mixed the water samples and took them by 50ml and 100ml pipette, and we have also washed pipette. So our operation isnt error in phase of taking samples. But when the water was filtering, we washed them with less distilled water. So we guess that during oven dry the

9、re may many carbonate separate out in the 100mL sample, or 100mL sample wasnt dry completely because we didnt oven dry samples third time, result in we didnt know whether our samples was dry completely. If the third sample was humid, it is normal that its mass concentration is more than others. And

10、cool time of sample is very short. After a short cool time, we weighed samples and bottles without 30min cool time2. Discharge standard of SS in wastewater treatmentFrom GB, we can know the secondary standard of discharge data is 30mg/L. But the data of yellow river water in SS have exceeded standar

11、d more than 58 times. It is mean that the pollution of SS in yellow river is very heavily which would chock river way and aggravate other pollution.3. Treatment technologiesChemical treatment: We can add coagulant (for example alums) to waster and mix SS, and when SS are agglutination, after filter

12、we can get lucid water. But the method has to cost too much coagulant; its treatment cost is too expensive. Its hard to use in wastewater treatment.Biology treatment: by cultivating germ in SSs wastewater, we can agglutinate SS and filter. But the technology is immature.Physics treatment: before col

13、lecting wastewater settling tank, filer it by grilling, and make wastewater quiet to precipitation in settling tank. The treatment method is usually used in wastewater treatment.Questions and discussion1. Talk about the difference between total residues, filterable residue, total mineralization degr

14、ee and suspended solid. And explain how to determine them.Answer:Total residues: total residue is the remaining solid after liquid evaporation, including the total unfilterable residue and the total filterable residue. The determination method is that take sample water into evaporation dish, then ov

15、en dry them though certain time and temperature in drying oven.Filterable residue: filterable residue is the remaining solid after filtered water having been oven dry. The method is that oven dry sample water after filtering.Total mineralization degree: total mineralization degree is the gross of io

16、ns, molecules and various compounds in the water. The method is that take sample water into evaporation dish, then oven dry them though certain time and temperature in drying oven. And add hydrogen peroxide to oxidizing organic matter, then oven dry the sample water again.Suspended solid: SS is dry

17、remaining solid after filtering water. The method is this time experiment.2. Look for some reference to state the source of error in this experiment, and talk about how to reduce the errors.Answer: the error is from sample collection, sampling volume, determination condition and control mass of SS. When we collect sample water, we must mix water and suspended solid. According to the circumstance of water, estimate the mass of SS more than 6.2mg or is 10mg. elect suit filter paper and funnel to filter sample water. And elect s