英语四级长难句

1、10.21【今日长难句】Historians,especially those so blinded by their research intereststhat they havebeen accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the“technicalfallacy. ” Also com mon in the n atural scie nces, the tech nical fallacy mistake nly identifies thedisciplineas a whole withcertainpart

2、s of itstechnicalimpleme ntatio n.长难句的正确打开方式先尝试自己分析然后看下面的解析【词的处理】bli nd vt.使失明，使眼花，使困惑be accused of 被指责tunnel n. 地下通道，隧道tunnel method 【术语】单方向研究法victim n.受害者，牺牲品 fallacy n.错误，谬论 discipli ne n. 学科 as a whole作为一个整体certain adj. 某个，某人，某事 impleme ntati on n. 实施，履行【结构解析】1. 首句主干为主系表结构， 即：Historians/frequent

3、lyfall/ victim to the “technicalfallacy ” .其中 fall =become,表“变成”。2. especially those为插入语成分，对主语Historians做补充说明。so blinded by theirresearch interests that they have been accused of“tunnel method ” 为 those 的后置定语。3. 二句主干为主谓宾宾补结构，即：the technical fallacy /mistakenly identifies/thediscipli ne as a whole /w

4、ith certa in parts of its tech ni cal impleme ntatio n;其中难点在于固定搭配 identify sth. with sth. 译为：认为某事物等同于 .4. also commonin the natural scien ces,为形容词短语充当状语成分修饰整个句子。【参考译文】Historians,especially those so blinded by their research intereststhat they havebeen accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall vict

5、im to the“technicalfallacy. ” Also com mon in the natural sciences, the technical fallacy mistakenly identifies thedisciplineas a whole withcertainparts of itstechnicalimpleme ntatio n.史学家，尤其是那些单纯局限于他们研究兴趣的史学家，被指责为使用“单方向研究法”， 常常成为“纯技术方法论”的牺牲品。“纯技术方法论”错误地把整个学科与学科研究的某些操作方法等同起来，这种情况在自然科学领域里也屡见不鲜。10.22【

6、今日长难句】It applies equally to traditionalhistorians who view history as only the externaland internal criticism of sources, and to social scienee historians who equate their activity with specific tech niq ues.长难句的正确打开方式先尝试自己分析然后看下面的解析【词的处理】apply to 与相关；适用于；存在于external adj. 外部的 in ternal adj.内部的critic

7、ism n.批评，批判，指责equate vt.同等看待，使等同equate with 认为就是【结构解析】1. it所指代的内容，需要联系上文方能做出判断。因此，联系昨天的句子，it指代thetechnical fallacy, 即：（纯）技术错误。2. 句子主干为 it /applies to /traditional historians and to social scieneehistorians ，其中，apply to 表“与相关 /存在于”3. who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sou

8、rces禾口 whoequate their activity with specific tech niq ues为定语从句，分另 M修饰traditi onalhistorians 和 social scienee historians。由于定语从句较长，建议处理为单句。4. activity一词在本句中译为活动不妥，"历史学家的活动”显然表意模糊，译为"历史学家的研究”更为恰当。【参考译文】It applies equally to traditionalhistorians who view history as only the externaland inter

9、nal criticism of sources, and to social scienee historians who equate their activity with specific tech niq ues.这种谬误同样存在于历史传统家和历史社科家；前者认为历史仅仅是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者则认为历史的研究是具体方法。10.23【今日长难句】They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormou

10、s cosmic clouds some 15 billionlight-years from earth.But even more importa nt, it was the farthest that scie ntists had bee n able to look into the past, for what they were see ing were the patter ns and structuresthat existed15 billi on years ago.长难句的正确打开方式先尝试自己分析然后看下面的解析【词的处理】by far迄今为止object n.

11、物体detect vt. 发现a strip of 一条/块（狭长的）eno rmous adj. 巨大的cosmic adj. 宇宙的 （cosmos n. 宇宙）lligte-year n. 光年look into 调查，观察Pattern n. 模式【结构解析】1. 本句主干为主系表结构，即： they/ were / the largest and most distant objects.2. by far为插入语，表时间状语3. that scie ntists had ever detected为定语从句，修饰 objects.4. 分号之后的" a strip of

12、enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years fromearth ”为objects的同位语，起解释说明作用。二句1. but eve n more importa nt为句子的状语成分2. 句子主干为主系表结构，即： it /was /the farthest ;其中it指代上文中的 a strip of eno rmous cosmic clouds3. that引导定语从句修饰 the farthest4. for +从句，表原因。从句主干为主系表结构： what they were see in g/ were / the pat

13、ternsand structures; that existed 15 billi onyears ago. 为定语从句修饰 the patter nsandstructures.【参考译文】They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had everdetected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billionlight-years from earth.But even more importa nt, it was the fart

14、hest that scie ntists had bee n able to lookinto the past, for what they were see ing were the patter ns and structures that existed 15 billi on years ago.迄今为止，科学家所发现的最大、最遥远的物体是：离地球大约150亿光年的一块狭长的巨大宇宙云系。更为重要的是，这是科学家们能够观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。10.24【今日长难句】That was just about the mome nt t

15、hat the uni verse was born. What the researchers found was at once both amaz ing and expected: the US Nati onal Aeron autics and SpaceAdministration' s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite Cobe had discoveredIan dmark evide nce that the uni verse did in fact beg in with the primeval explosi onth

16、at has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the uni verse origi nated in an explosi on from a sin gle mass of en ergy).长难句的正确打开方式先尝试自己分析然后看下面的解析【词的处理】Aeron autics n. 航空学Admi nistrati on n. 管理；管理局Ian dmark n.地标；里程碑primeval adj.远古的，原始的origi nate vi.起源于【结构解析】1. 首句主干为"主系表”结构，即：that / was /

17、just about the moment; that引导定语从句，可译为“的”结构，即：那大约就是宇宙形成的时候。2. 二句主干为“主从 + 系动词 + 表语”结构， 即: what the researchers found/ was/ at once both amazing and expected: 该句翻译时，顺序翻译即可：研究人员的发现既令人惊讶，又在人们的意料之中：3. “：”之后为“ what the researchers found”的同位语从句，从句主干为“主谓宾”，即：the US National Aeronautics and Space Administrati

18、on' s Cosmic BackgroundExplorer satellite Cobe /had discovered/Ian dmark evide nee; 译为：美国国家航空航天局的Cobe号宇宙背景探测器已经发现了划时代的证据4. that the uni verse did in fact begi n with the primeval explosi on为同位语从句，解释evidenee的内容，其中did +begin with为强调谓语动词的强调结构。例如：如果你的男人跟你说“ I did love you.”意思是“我过去确实爱过你。”5. that has

19、become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the uni verse orig in atedin an explosi on from a si ngle mass of en ergy)为定语从句，修饰 the primevalexplosi on.【参考译文】That was just about the mome nt that the uni verse was born. What the researchers found was at once both amaz ing and expected: the US Nati on

20、al Aeron autics and SpaceAdministration ' s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite Cobe had discoveredIan dmark evide nce that the uni verse did in fact beg in with the primeval explosi onthat has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the uni verse origi nated inan explosi on from a sin gl

21、e mass of en ergy).那大约就是宇宙形成的时候。研究人员的发现既令人惊讶，又在人们的意料之中：美国国家航空航天局的Cobe号宇宙背景探测器已经发现了划时代的证据，表明宇宙确实起源于最早 的一次爆炸，人们称之为”大爆炸"(此理论认为宇宙起源于一大块能量的爆炸)。10.25【今日长难句】长难句的正确打开方式：先尝试自己分析-再看下面的解析 The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the domi