外研版必修一module5重点知识讲解与练习

1、课程纲要：.短语检测1使有条理 2想起， 考虑 3弄清楚， 弄明白 4把加到5使不进入， 防止进入 6开始做， 着手干， 进行吧 7安静点 8过去常常 9在过去的二十年里 10要么要么11为感到骄傲 12理应， 应当 putin order think of find out addto keepout of go ahead keep the noise down used to in the last twenty years eitheror be proud of be supposed to .佳句再现1_ the earths surface is water.地球表面三分之二是水

2、。2The earth is _ the moon.地球是月球的五十倍。3It is hard _ a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界。4Im going to _ Montreal _ Ottawa University, as both _have good Physics Department. 我要么去蒙特利尔大学， 要么去渥太华大学， 因为两个大学都有不错的物理系。词汇学习：1expand v. (cause sth. to) become greater in size, number or importance膨胀， 扩大， 增强；扩展， 展

3、开expansion n. 扩张， 扩展， 膨胀【易混辨析】expand和extend(1)expand vt.&vi. 强调“使(尺寸、数字或数量等)扩大， 增加， 扩大(活动范围)”。如：A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 如果你往轮胎里充气， 它就会膨胀。Our foreign trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我国的对外贸易近年来已有极大发展。(2)extend vt.& vi.强调“时间、空间等的延伸、延展”。如：The road extends for miles

4、and miles. 这条路向远处绵延伸展。Can you extend your visit a few days longer?你能多停留几天吗？【活学活用】(1)Why not try to _ your story into a novel?你为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢？(2)Metal _ when it is heated. 金属加热之后就会膨胀。 (3)The headmaster _ our holiday by four days. 校长将我们的假期延长了4天。2conclusionn. 结论， 推论；结尾， 结束(1)conclude v推断出， 断定， 做结论；(使)

5、结束(2)come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论 jump to a conclusion 匆匆忙忙作出结论in conclusion 最后， 总之【活学活用】I _that hed been lying. 我断定他是在说谎。3balancen. 平衡v. 平衡； 权衡， 使保持平衡(1)keep/lose ones balance保持/失去平衡keep the balance of nature/ones mind 保持自然界/心态的平衡(2)balance A against B 权衡A与B的重要性balance A with/and B平衡好A与B【活学

6、活用】(1)We must learn to _. 我们必须学会平衡好工作与休息。(2)You have to _of living in a big city _ the disadvantages. 你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊。4equipmentn. U设备， 装备(1)a piece of equipment一件设备(2)be equipped for 准备好， 对有准备be equipped _ 装备有， 配备有【易混辨析】equipment和facilityequipment 和 facility 都可译作“设备”， “器材”。(1)equipment 是不可数名词， 指用于某一

7、特殊目的的东西供给品， 装备等(the tools, machines, clothes, etc. that you need to do a particular job or activity)。如：medical equipment(2)facility 是可数名词， 常用复数形式。facilities指为特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利， 包括设备、建筑物和服务等(rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose)。如：sports/leisure facilities【活学活用】(1)Th

8、e government has given a lot of _ to our school. 政府已为我们学校配备了很多设备。(2)The room _air conditioners. 这个房间装有空调设备。(3)This is a fivestar hotel with fantastic _. 这是一家五星级饭店， 设施完善。5ordinaryadj. 普通的， 平常的；平淡无奇的【易混辨析】ordinary, common, usual和normal 四个词都含“普通的”意思。(1)ordinary(与众多同类的东西相比)强调“普通的”， “平淡无奇的”。 如： ordinary

9、people like you and me像你我一样的普通人(2)common强调“因为常见而普通”， 也可指“共同的， 共有的”。如：common sense常识common efforts 共同的努力have sth. in common (with sb./sth.) 和有共同之处in common (with sb./sth.) 共同， 共有， 与一样Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。(3)usual 通常的， 惯常的， 强调“经常性或与习惯有关”。as usual 像往常一样She arrived later than us

10、ual. 她到得比平常晚。As usual, there werent many people at the meeting. 像往常一样， 来开会的人不多。(4)normal正常的， 常态的， 往往指“合乎某种标准的， 或在正常情况下应有的”。如：normal temperature 正常体温/温度above/below normal 标准以上/下return to normal 恢复正常【活学活用】(1)We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her _ clothes. 我们都为聚会乔装打扮， 但她仍然穿着平常的衣服。(

11、2)Its _ to feel tired after such a long trip.长途旅行之后感到累是正常的。(3)Smith is a very _ last name in England. 在英国史密斯是很常见的姓。(4)Shall we meet at the _ time and place? 我们在老地方老时间见面好吗？ (5)_ many people, he prefers classical music to pop. 和许多人一样， 和流行音乐相比， 他更喜欢古典音乐。1addto把加到add to增加add sth. up 把加起来add up to 总计为， 总

12、数达；结果是add that 补充说【温馨提示】add to 表示“增加了”时， 后面常跟抽象名词， 如：add to our difficulties增加了我们的困难；而addto意思是“把加到”， 常跟具体的名词。另外add表示“补充说， 又说”时， 也是常考点， 需要重点记忆。【活学活用】(1)If you _ 4 _ 5, you will get 9.四加五等于九。(2)He wrote down the weight of each stone and _. 他把每一块石头的重量记下来， 然后把所有的重量加在一起。(3)Her graceful manner _ her beaut

13、y. 她优雅的举止增加了她的美丽。2keep (sb.) out (of sth.)把关在外面； 阻止入内； 不参加； 不进去(1)keep away _ (使)远离， 保持距离keep off (使)避开；不(让)接近(2)keep _ 使保持、维持(在同一水平)；使不低落； 继续keep up with 跟上， 不落后keep _ 控制， 抑制；隐瞒；留/扣下；阻碍(某人)发展keep to the road/the point/ones promise 不偏离道路/主题/遵守诺言【易混辨析】keep away from, keep off和keep () out (of)keep awa

14、y from与keep off意义接近， 但前者强调“保持距离”， 而后者强调“不接近， 不碰触”。 keep () out (of)则强调“保持在之外”， 还可以引申为“置身于之外， 不参与， 不干涉”。如：I told the children to keep away from the fire.我让孩子们离火远点。Keep your hands off me! 把你的手拿开， 不要碰我。Outside the room is a sign saying “Danger: Keep out.” 房间外面有个标志提醒“危险， 请勿入内”。【活学活用】用keep相关短语的正确形式填空(1)F

15、ood production is not _ population growth.(2)Youd better _ their quarrel. (3)The notice said “_ the grass.” (4)I got the feeling that he was _ something _ from us. (5)She was struggling to _ the tears. (6)When you are visiting the park, you must _its rules. (7)Do something to _ your spirits. 3go ahe

16、ad (used to give sb. permission to do sth., or let them speak before you )说吧， 干吧， 开始做；(to be carried out; take place)发生， 进行；走在前面， 先走go _ 违背， 对不利；与相反go all out to do/for sth. 全力以赴做某事go _ (时间)过去；依据， 遵循go down 下降， 降低go up 上升， (房屋)建立起来go on 继续；发生， 进行；(时间)过去go on with sth. 继续做某事go on doing 继续做(原来的事)go on

17、 to do 接着做(另外一件事)【活学活用】用go相关短语的正确形式填空(1) Do you mind if I open the window?No, _. (2) The building of the new bridge will _as planned.(3)The company will _ improve next years sales. (4)She was scared to _ her fathers wishes. (5)As the weeks _, I became more and more worried. (6)New buildings are _all

18、 around the town. 4used to do(happened regularly or all the time in the past, but does not happen now)过去常常做某事be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于be used to do 被用来做【易混辨析】used to 和would(1)used to多有“过去如此， 现在不这样”的对比含义， 不与一段时间状语连用。(2)would多表示过去习惯性的动作， 常与具体的时间状语连用， 或与often, sometimes或for hours连用。如：He would alwa

19、ys be the first to offer to help. 他总是会第一个主动提出帮助。【注意事项】(1)疑问式：Used you to？/Did you use to？否定式： used not to/usednt to/didnt use to(2)used to 后的不定式可以承前省略到to, 但若后面是be, 则be需保留。如：He is not an actor. But he used to be. 【活学活用】(1)_ and take an hours walk before breakfast. 我过去常常早起， 并且在早餐前散步一小时。(2)He _ in the

20、country. 他已习惯于住在乡下。(3)Bamboo _. 竹子可以被用来造纸。5be proud of对感到自豪be proud to do/that对感到自豪take pride _ 以感到自豪；对感到得意【活学活用】(1)He _his childrens achievements.他为孩子们的成就感到骄傲。(2)_ your friend. 做你的朋友我感到骄傲。 6be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求(按规则、惯例等)做某事， 理应Suppose/Supposing (that)假设， 如果(引导条件状语从句， 相当于if)【活学活用】(1)You _ he

21、re. 你不应该呆在这儿。(2)_, can we play the match indoors? 要是下雨的话， 我们在室内比赛行吗？ 1It is hard to think of a world without metals. 很难想象一个没有金属的世界。句型公式It isadj. to do sth. 做某事【句式点拨】在该句型中it用作形式主语， 真正的主语为动词不定式。【相关拓展】(1)It isadj. for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做某事在该句式中，作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点。常见的形容词有：easy, important, difficult,

22、 possible, necessary等。(2)It isadj. of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事在该句式中， 作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质。常见的形容词有：kind, nice, good, honest, careful, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, rude等。(3)It isadj./n. that做某事it作形式主语， that从句作真正的主语。【活学活用】(1)_ to lose three pairs of glasses. 你丢了三副眼镜真是太粗心了。 (2) _ meet?我们非见面不可吗？(3) _

23、 he didnt come to our party. 很遗憾他没来参加我们的聚会。2The closer you are, the more youll see. 你靠得越近， 看到的就越多。句型公式“the比较级， the比较级”结构该结构表示“越就越”， 前面“the比较级”相当于一个条件状语从句。【温馨提示】该句型中， 比较级的后面如果修饰了名词， 则要把这个名词和比较级一起放到最前面， 后面跟句子的其余部分。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.你越努力， 取得的进步就会越大。【活学活用】The more ca

24、reful you are, _in the experiment. 你越小心， 在实验中犯的错误就越少。.单词拼写1You may imagine their _ (惊讶的) look when they find the room empty. 2The hotel has its own pool and leisure f_. 3I wonder how the audience r_ to his speech. 4Boats f_ in the direction of wind if they are not controlled. 5Its common sense that

25、ice f_ when water freezes. .选词填空think of, add to, putin order, eitheror, be proud of 1Many words have _ this edition of the dictionary.2. _ you _ he is the next to be on duty.3Its hard _ a world without electricity. 4I _the achievements youve made these years.5Now its time for you to _ your life _.单

26、项填空12010·全国卷 The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it【解析】 D考查代词用法辨析。it用作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。22011·辽宁卷 I probably shouldnt have any more cake.Oh，_. It wont kill you.A. go ahead B. hold on, pleaseC. youre welcome D. thatll do【解析】 A本题考查交际用语。句意：

27、“我可能不应该再吃蛋糕了。”“噢，吃吧。撑不着你。”go ahead吃吧，做吧，继续；hold on别挂断；youre welcome不用谢；thatll do可以了，行了(尤用以制止某人做或说某事物)。3English is _ hard for me and Physics is _ harder. Aa little; a lot Ba lot; a littleCa bit; more Drather; a great deal of【解析】 A四个选项中 a little, a bit和rather都可以修饰形容词。但是只有a lot, a little和a great deal可以

28、修饰比较级。4In my opinion, life in the twentyfirst century is much easier than _ . Athat used to be Bit is used toCit was used to Dit used to be【解析】 D本题考查used to do。本句意为“在我看来，21世纪的生活比过去容易多了。”used to do 过去曾经；it代指前面的“生活”。5. _ from a short story, the novel is very popular with children. AExpanded BTo expand

29、CExpanding DTo be expanded【解析】 A主语the novel是expand动作的承受者，所以用过去分词作状语。6Long ago, the upper classes here spoke French while the _ people spoke English. Aordinary Bnative Clower Dsimple【解析】 A本题考查形容词词义辨析。native意为“本国的，本地的”，lower 意为“较低的”，simple意为“简单的”。句中 the upper classes 意思是“上层社会，贵族阶层”，与其相对应的应为ordinary people “普通大众”。7In the near future, Ch