英语句子结构分析讲解

1、.定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday .主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语主语subject句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.名词She went out in a hurry.代词Four plus four is eight.数词To see is to believe.不定式Smoking is bad for health.动名词T

2、he young should respect the old.名词化的形容词What he has said is true. 句子找出以下句中的主语：1、The sun rises in the east.           2、Twenty years is a short time in history.        3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is

3、believing.      5、To see is to believe.          6、He likes dancing.    7、What he needs is a book.8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on t

4、he top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing.找出以下句中的谓语注：只有动词才可作谓语。：1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired. 三宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. 名词She

5、didn't say anything. 代词How many do you want? - I want two. 数词They sent the injured to hospital. 名词化的形容词They asked to see my passport. 不定式I enjoy working with you. 动名词Did you write down what he said? 句子宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books. 间接 直接 宾语 宾语指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语：please pass

6、 me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出以下句子的宾语部分：1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.四连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious

7、.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease. 找出以下句中的表语。1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。(5） 定语修饰或限制名词或代词的

8、词、词组或从句He is a clever boy.形容词His father works in a steel work.名词There are 54 students in our class.数词Do you known bettys sister?名词所有格He bought some sleeping pills.动名词There is a sleeping baby in bed.如今分词His spoken language is good.过去分词定语后置：假如定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常那么后置The girl in red is h

9、is sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?找出以下句子的定语。1. The black bike is mine.2. She is a chemistry teacher.3. The man in blue is my brother.4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister.5. The lady who is weari

10、ng red dress is our new teacher.六状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an

11、orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.找出以下句中的状语1. We often help him.2. I really dont like the food.3. He did his homework carefully at home.4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.5. When I grow up, I am going to

12、be a doctor.七宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义缺乏，使句子的意义完好。这类常用的及物动词有 ：make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系

13、。找出以下句子的宾语补足语：1. They elected John monitor.2. We call him Iron Ox.3. The doctor told me to do more exercise.4. They made her happy.5. He is going to have his hair cut.6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.八同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect the old.名词He himself will do the experi

14、ment.代词He is the oldest among them four.数词He told me the news that our team won the game.从句 句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当成分例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语Both of us like English.表语与联络动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特

15、征同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等She always keeps the house clean.随堂练习：分析以下句子构造：1You are a

16、 student.2He felt happy today.3What you said made me happy.4Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?5After he finished his homework, he went away.6He likes pop music.7The sound sounds strange.8The food tastes good.9He gave me a book yesterday.    10We all think it a

17、 pity that she didnt come here. Private ConversationLast week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angri