天津大学博士入学考试英语试题范例

1、天津大学博士入学考试英语试题范例I Dictation (20%)Direction: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read four times. During the first reading, the passage will be read at normal speed and you are supposed to listen only and try to have a general understanding of it. For the second and third

2、readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phase with an interval of 12-15 seconds. The last reading will be done at the normal speed again for you to check up.II Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fou

3、r choices marked A, B, C, and D. Circle the one that best completes the sentence.1. It was very kind of you to get me something for my birthday, but you _ me such an expensive present.A didn't need buying B needn't buy C needn't have bought D hadn't needed to buy2. The _ of a cultura

4、l phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.A manifestation B implementation C expedition D demonstration3. He is holding a _ position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.A subordinate B succeeding C successive D subsequent4. In Am

5、erican universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible _ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.A scales B ranks C grades D patterns5. The government gave a very _ explanation of its plan for economic development.A comprehensive B compound C considerable D complacent6. In my opi

6、nion, you can widen the _ of these improvements through your active participation.A dimension B volume C magnitude D scope7. No Tobacco Day is the day when the world Health Organization _ to people to stop using tobacco products.A asks B applies C appeals D urges8. The dentist's confident manner

7、 _ me that I was in safe hands.A insured B assured C ensured D secured9. We prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution.A be fully discussed B must be fully discussed C will be fully discussed D is fully discussed10. The sound of footsteps on the bare floor _ the downstairs neighbors.A di

8、sturbed B interrupted C annoyed D irritated11. I asked him for a job _ the impression that he was the head of the firm， but he wasn't.A with B under C in D of12. It's no good _ remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.A trying to B try to C to try to D tried to1

9、3. The dictator relied on abuse of its opponents _ on sounding reasoning.A more than B rather than C other than D better than14. To make the best and the most efficient of your time and to achieve your goals， start each day by _ your agenda.A holding on B making out C keeping on D taking down15. Onc

10、e the question is put, we know try to obtain the answer.A to proceed in direction toB where direction proceed toC in which direction to proceed toD which direction proceed toward16. During the opera's most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra's conductor seemed _, without necessary

11、 relation to what had gone beforeA tedious B melodious C capricious D moderation17. It is time the nations of the world _ a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.A would call B call C called D will call18.When the drops were placed in the patient's eyes, his pupils became _.A dilated B smal

12、ler C irritated D sensible19. To visit zoos that simulate the natural habitats of animals _ of great interest to zoologists.A are B be C were D is20. Mr. Smith _ with the government for thirty-seven years by the time he retires.A will work B will have worked C will be working D will have been worked

13、III Sentence Transformation (20%)Directions: Rewrite each of the following sentences by using the word (s) below it so that each new sentence means roughly the same as the original one. In some instances it may be necessary to change the tense of the given word (s).1. He is warm-hearted, but this do

14、esn't mean that he is bright.（follow）_2. The manager has asked me to consider this proposal carefully.（consideration）_3. The garden is too small for a swimming pool.（room）_4. Increasing the tax on household goods is bound to cause trouble.It's asking _5. The museum is closed this afternoon.T

15、here is _6. Don't touch those wires in any circumstances.Under _7. The small number of potential buyers does not provide a sufficiently large market for this kind of apparatus.（enough）_8. I was finally able to convince him of its value.I finally succeeded _9. Film makers understandably lose much

16、 of their interest in the genre.（appeal to ）_10. Not all of the people like this movie.（popular）_IV Cloze （10%）Directions: Read through the following passage and then decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Circle the corr

17、ect choice for each blank.An interesting theory in economics is 1 by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. If seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales 2 in the 3 market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a good

18、business deal. He 4 to the Head Man and 5 that his company would like to 6 several thousand pieces.Undoubtedly, he said, the business 7 would be 8 to the tribe. After some thoughts, the Head Man 9, but announced that the price per piece would be 10 in such a 11 order than it would be if 12 a small o

19、rder were placed. The represntative was 13 than a little shocked 14 the business sense of the Head Man 15 insisted that the price should be 16 because of the large volume, and 17 not higher. No, replied the head of the tribe 18. But why not? asked the American. Because 19 is so tiresome to make the

20、20 article over and over, answered the Head Man.1. A. illustrated B. appreciated C. demonstrated D. anticipated2. A. capacity B. potential C. abilityD. fortune3. A. straw B. global C. world D. earth4. A. addressed B. spoke C. asked D. told5. A. declaredB. confirmedC. demanded D. gestured6. A. order

21、B. sell C. disposeD. make7. A. treaty B. pact C. matter D. deal8. A. effective B. efficient C. valuable D. profitable9. A. agreed B. accepted C. refused D. received10. A. lower B. higher C. expensive D. cheaper11. A. small B. big C. vast D. high12. A. certainly B. really C. only D. simply13. A. grea

22、ter B. stronger C. less D. more14. A. from B. of C. at D. since15. A. who B. and C. then D. therefore16. A. lower B. higher C. little D. raised17. A. never B. really C. certainly D. yet19. A. he B. it C. what D. work20. A. similar B. beautiful C. alike D. sameV Reading Comprehension （20%）Directions:

23、 In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.1A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Amer

24、icans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation

25、 made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers w

26、ere welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choi

27、ce for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many chari

28、table organizations that specialized in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and prett

29、y soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically devel

30、oped cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visito

31、rs who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bu

32、s to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1. The word observation in the first paragraph most probably meansA attention. B watchfulness. C survey. D opinion.2. P

33、eople in frontier settlements used to entertain travelers because these strangers would_.A bring good news from outside world.B help locals solve their problems.C bring a change to the life in the settlements.D requires a different definition.3. Nowadays the tradition of friendliness to strangers_.A

34、 is still prevailing.B can rarely be seenC is wading fastD requires a different definition4. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A People are still fond of traveling to remote places.B Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist trails.C There is no charitable organization

35、 in small cities.D Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding American's friendliness.5. From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned that_A the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its culture.B various virtues manifest themselves exclusi

36、vely among friends.C culture exercises a great influence on social interrelationships.D courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated.2It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the group's standards of behavior and thinking. He is expected

37、to behave in accordance with these norms-in other words the group expects him to conform. Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people's judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group p

38、ressure.In a typical experiment, the experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group that is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collabora

39、ting with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the s

40、econd card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. The volunteer sees that the other members of the group unanimously choose a line which is obvio

41、usly not the same length as the one on the standard card.When it is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the group-all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will chan

42、ge their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion.6. Psychologists are intere

43、sted in _.A how far group pressure can influence people's judgments.B how to make judgments according to everyday experience.C how to change people's judgments.D the group's standards of social behaviour.7. In the experiment. Who have been told to pick the wrong line？A The victims. B The

44、 volunteer. C The experimenter. D The other members.8. In what circumstances do most people yield to pressure？A When the group is separated.B When the group is unanimous.C When they know they are the victims.D When they are forced to answer questions.9. The experiments demonstrate that _.A nearly ev

45、ery individual will behave differently from others.B group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists.C psychologists wish to change the people's judgments and opinions.D people will change their ideas under group pressure.10.The best title of this passage would be _.AA Typical

46、Experiment.BAre We Afraid to be Different?CThe Group's Standards of Behavior and Thinking.DDose an Individual Need to Follow a Group's Standards?3The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-old years of eager activity was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life.

47、 His one concern, that gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowe

48、st denominator. The first was quite impossible-to imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit one's fellows seemed to Thoreau's sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with ma

49、terial well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning th

50、e best mode of living-each must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life，and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a r

51、ecord of calculating economics that studied saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life that

52、 is required in exchange for it, immediately or in the long run .In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is life.reau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of _.A learning how to live quietly.B writing a book on philosophy.C discovering what humans can learn from nature.D

53、 working out the best adjustment to material life .12. To Thoreau the best solution to the problem of economics is _.A to live a very simple life.B to become self-sufficient.C to live in the country.D to reform the society.13. Thoreau holds that the crucial thing for people to do is to _.A have a be

54、tter understanding of what life means.B live harmoniously with nature.C to save as much as one possibly can.D to live a life that one is content with.14. In the book Walden all of the following can be found except_.A the nature of economy.B the meaning of freedom.C the criticism of society.D Ruskin&

55、#39;s philosophy.15. Thoreau's attitude toward society can best be characterized as one of _.A acceptance. B avoidance. C indifference. D individualism.4Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.Lab