八年级上册英语课堂笔记(1-6单元)

1、八年级上册课堂笔记（ 1-6 单元）Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation？1，一般过去时基本结构：主语 +动词过去式+其他；否定形式：was / were + not;在行为动词前加 didn't,同时还原动词；一般疑问句： Was/Were+主语+其他？Did+主语+动词原形+其他？2 ，动词过去式规则变化：直接加ed ；以不发音e 结尾的单词，直接加 d ；以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变y 为 i 加 ed ；以元音字母+y 结尾的，直接加 ed ；以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed不规则变化的动词过去式（见书本最后一页）3 ， go on

2、 vacation 去度假 be on vacation 在度假4 ， anyone 任何人，只用于指人，一般用在否定句、疑问句中，后面不接of 短语。做主语时位于动词用单数。 Eg ： Is there anyone at home？any one 任何一个，指人或物，后面接of 短语。 Eg： You can take any one of these books.5， adj 修饰不定代词后置anything special something importantenough 作 adv ，修饰adj/ adv 后置 old enough fast enoughelse 作 adj ，修

3、饰疑问代词和不定代词后置what else who else something else6， quite a few/ little 相当多7， How/ what about+V-ing/ n/ 代词 , 怎么样？（表建议、询问）8， most students= most of the students“ one of +the most +adj +n 复数”表示“最, 之一”Eg ： He is one of the most famous writers in China.A most +adj +n 非常 Eg ： Hangzhou is a most beautiful cit

4、y.9， buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth for sb10， what do you think of/ about , ？ = how do you like , ？你认为 , 怎么样？11， have fun ， enjoy oneself ， have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing,12，主语+ seem+（ to be） +表语（n/adj）eg： Tom seems to be a smart boy/ happy.It seems that从句 eg： It seems that he understand.主语

5、+ seem to do stheg： He seems to understand.13, adj 以-ing 结尾"令人 ，的" exciting , interesting, relaxing, boring以 -ed 结尾“人感到 , 的” excited ， interested， relaxed ， bored14，询问价格：How much is ,? What s the price of, ?表示价格高低：, be expensive/ cheapThe price of , is high/ low15， get to, arrive in/at, re

6、ach, 到达（如果后面接地点的副词 home ， here 或 there , 就不用介词in ,at, to ）16， decide（ not） to dodecide that 从句decide+疑问词+不定式17， try （ not） to do sth 尽力try doing sth 尝试try/ do one s best to do sthtry it on试穿（动副结构）try out试验 have a try试一试18， feel like 感觉像 feel like doing sth/ want to do sth/ would like to do sth19 a l

7、ot of= lots of =plenty of20 in the past 在过去21 enjoy/ like doing22感叹句：How+adj+ 主谓！How+adj+a/an +n 单 +主谓！What+ a/an +adj+ n 单 +主谓！What+ adj+ n 复/ 不可数+主谓！23 more than=over 超过 less than 少于 more or less 或多或少24 wait for 等待25 too many “太多”修饰可数名词复数too much “太多”修饰不可数名词much too “实在太”修饰形容词或副词26 , because+R句bec

8、ause of +n/ V-ing /代词27 enough 作 adj 修饰 n enough time enough moneyhave enough, to do sth eg： I have enough time to finish the work. enough 作 adv 修饰 adj/ adv old enough fast enough, enough for sb to do sth eg： The job is easy enough for me to do. not, enough to do The book isn t easy enough for me to

9、 read.too, to,The book is too difficult for me to read.50, that,The book is so difficult that I can t read.28 the next day 第二天29 remember/ forget+to do 要做+doing 做过30 Stop sb from doing sth 阻止Stop to do 停下来去做其他事Stop doing 停止正在做的事31 another two hours=two more hours32 at the top of 在 , 顶端名列 , 之前 强调点on

10、the top of 在 , 上面强调面33 find out 查明弄清find 找到（结果） look for 寻找（过程）34 go on with/ doing sth 继续原来的事go on to do sth 继续做别的事35 so +adj +that + 结果状语从句“如此 , 以致 , ”eg： I was so busy that I didn t go to sleep for 3 days.so that 引导目的状语从句以便为了（ in order to ）eg： they got up early so that they could catch the early

11、bus.so +adj + （ a/ an+n 单数）that It is so important a meeting that I can t miss it.such+ a/ an+ adj + n 单数 +that It is such an important meeting that I can t miss it.such+ adj+n 复数/不可数+thatUnit 2 How often do you exercise？1 How 如何（方式）how long 多长（时间）答语常用“ （For/ about +）时间段”how far 多远（距离）答语常用"（It

12、'+s 数词 + miles/ meters/ kilometershow often多久一次（频率）答语常用" Always/ often/ every day/ "或"次数+时间” 等表频率的状语How soon 多快，多久以后，常用在将来时中。答语常用“ in +时间段”how many 多少（接可数名词） how much （接不可数名词）2， exercise 作 v 锻炼，运动作 c 操，练习 do morning/ eye exercises作 uc 锻炼 take much/ more exercise3, at+钟点 at 7 o 

13、9;clockat noon/ at night （during/ in the day ） at this/ that time at the age ofon+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天、纪念日、节日on April 1 st on Sunday on a cold winter morning on Teachers Dayin +上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季节、年代、世纪in the morning/ afternoon/ eveningin 1999 in August in autumn in 1960s in the 21 st century4， help sb （ to ）

14、 do sthhelp sb with sthwith sb s help= with the help of sb5， do（ the） housework= do chores6，频度副词（行前be 后）Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never7， sometimes 有时（频度副词） sometime （将来）有朝一日， （曾经）某天Some times 几次，几倍some time 一段时间（前面用介词 for ）8， go shopping= do some shopping9， once twice three times

15、10， at once， right now ， right away ， in a minute ， in a moment， in no time 立刻，马上once more 再一次，重新once upon a time 从前，曾经11， every day 每天 everyday 日常的，每天的12， on the internet13， what s your favorite program ？ =what program do you like best ？14， free 空闲的in one s free time be free自由的as free as a fishfree

16、dom n. 自由免费的 The best things in life are free.15， be full =be busy 忙的 be busy doing sth/ be busy with sthbe full of 充满eg： The bottle is full of milk.16， How come ？怎么会？为什么？17， may be 为情态动词 +动词原形，在句子中做谓语， maybe 是副词，表示可能，大概，一般放在句首（perhaps）。18， stay up doing sth 熬夜做某事19， stay/ keep healthy20， at least=n

17、o less than21， ask sb about sth22， the result of, 的结果be in good/ bad/ poor health be good/ bad for one s health at most=no more thanask sb（ not ） to do sth ask sb for help/ advice/ information as a result 结果23， be surprised that/ be surprised at/ be surprised to do 对 , 很惊讶To one s surprise 另某人惊讶的是in

18、 surprise 惊讶地24， the answer to the question ， a key to the door， a ticket to the ball game 25， although=though （与 but 不能连用）Even though/ if 即使，尽管as though/ if 仿佛，好像26， by 介词 +n/ v-ing/ 代词 通过 , 方式by oneself 独自地 by the way 顺便问 /说一下 by chance/ accident 偶然地by mistake 错误地 learn by heart 记住27， the best way

19、/ time to do 做某事最好的方式/时间28, 4个花费：人 +spend/ spends/ spent+时间/钱 + （in） doing sth/ on sth spend time with sb 人+pay/ pays/ paid + 钱+for sthIt takes/ took sb + 时间 +to do sth物 +cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱29, die v.死亡，消失 died过去式dead adj 死亡的，无生命的 dead dog have/ has been dead for, =died , agodyingadj 垂死的，快死的dea

20、thn 死亡the death of,30， before it s too late 趁来得及31， “数字 +percent of+ n ”作主语，谓语动词取决于 nEg ： Twenty percent of the students exercise every day.Twenty percent of time passes.32， no one =nobody 指人，回答who ， anyone， anybody 的提问None指人或物，可接 of短语，（all>3）回答how many/ much, any,及有特定范围（ which ）的提问nothing 指物，回答w

21、hat ， anything 的提问Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister.1，比较级，最高级变化规则一般在词尾+ er或est;以e结尾的加r或st;重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ er或est;辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i+ er或est;多音节词和部分双音节词，力口 more或most。不规则变化见书本P1142，比较级用法基本句型：主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象两者相比较用比较级 eg： Who do you think is more outgoing ， Lily or Lucy ？Very, more, quite, so, too 等修

22、饰原级；much, a little , a lot, a bit, far , even等修饰比较级eg： I m much/ a little / a lot / a bit /farmore outgoing than my sister.I m even worse now.不能与人或事物自身相比较eg： He is taller than any other student in his class.China is larger than any country in Africa.比较对象要一致（that代替不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数，所有格，ones）eg： The

23、 weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan.The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two.My bike is newer than Tom s.比较级中出现 of the two/ twins结构时，adj比较级前要+the,不可用thanEg ： Tom is the taller of the two brothers.“ get/ become+ 比较级 +and + 比较级”表示“变得越来越, ” (多音节或部分双音节用 “more and m

24、ore+原级)Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes.You re getting more and more beautiful.“ the+ 比较级 ,the+ 比较级, ”表示“越 , 就越 , ”Eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be.“As, as”中间接原级，表示“与，一样”，否定为“ not as/ so, as”表示“不如”Eg: He is as tall as his father.He is not as/ so tall as his father.“

25、比较级+than” (more/ less + 原级+than)与“not as/ so, as”可以互换Eg: I m taller than you.You re shorter than me.You re not as/ so tall as me.比 , 大 /多/长/宽几倍用“主语Chinese is more important than Biology.Biology is less important than ChineseBiology is not as/ so important as Chinese+be+, times+ 比较级 +than+ 比较对象”Eg: O

26、ur classroom is twice larger than yours.重几斤，高几公分，大几岁 ，用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg: I m six years older than you.3, loudly 大声地响亮地（多含噪音之意）aloud 大声地出声地（强调出声） read aloud call aloud for helploud 大声地高声地常与speak shout laugh talk 连用响亮的大声的 loud voice4, fast 强调速度快run/ drive fastquickly 强调动作、行动快soon 强调时间间隔短5,

27、competition 体育书法朗读音乐等比赛match 体育竞技比赛球类比赛race 速度方面的竞赛赛跑赛龙舟等6, win+ 比赛奖项beat+人，团队7, ago 以前用于一般过去时放在一段时间后before 在 , 以前通常用于完成时放在时间点或事件之前8, the same a尹be different from be similar to =be like9, be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于be good for 对 , 有益 （ be bad for 对 , 有害）be good to 对 , 友好 （ good 可用 friendly nice

28、 kind 替换）be good with 和 , 相处好 =get on/ along well with10, true/ truly 指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符real/ really 指人或事客观存在不是想象的11, take care of=look after 照顾care for照料、关心某人，喜欢某人、某物care about关心，计较，在乎12, make sb do sthmake sb/ sth +adj make me happymake sb +n.We made him monitor.make sb + 过去分词She spoke aloud t

29、o make herself heard.make it约定时间，做成某事，及时抵达 Let s make it at 10:00.Don't worry. He 'll make it.13, both位置：行前be后both of them/ us=they/ we bothboth作主语，谓语动词用复数not both为部分否定，全部否定要用either, not或者neitherboth, and, =not only, but （also）, 否定为： neither, nor14, be popular with sb受某人欢迎be popular in/ at在某

30、地受欢迎15, it is +adj+for sb +to do sth （adj 修饰 to do sth） It is important for me to learn English. it is +adj+of sb +to do sth （adj 修饰 sb） It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.16, bring out使显现出17, share sth with sb 和某人分享18, other "其他的，另外的“，后接名词复数，有时other+n复数=others another "又一（个），另一（

31、个）"，泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个，后接名词单数。the other "（两者中的）另一个“，常与one连用，“one, the other,"表示"一个，另 一个,”19, heart learn sth by heart 用心记 lose heart 灰心20, break the law/ rules/ world record 违法 /违规 /打破世界纪录 Break off 打断 break away from 摆脱，脱离 break into 破门而入break in 插嘴Break down 出故障 break out 爆发 br

32、eak up 散火 break one's words 食言 Have a break/ rest 休息会儿21, laugh 发笑 laugh at 嘲笑Smile微笑 smile at,微笑22,定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词有：that, who （whom, whose）, which;关系副词（在定语从句中只能作状语，且不能省略）有：when, where, why等。关系词的选择主要

33、取决于两个因素：（1）先行词是什么（2）先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。关系代词（that, who, which , whose, whom）引导的定语从句。that/ who在从句中作主语，先行词为人。Eg : The girl that/ who is reading is my sister.that/ which在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为物。Eg : The book that/ which is on the desk belongs to Tom.（主）He came back for the book that/ which he had forgotten.(宾)whose

34、在从句中作定语，先行词为人或物。Eg : This is the pencil whose point is broken.That is the girl whose mother died two years ago.whom/that在从句中作宾语，先行词为人。Eg : The girl whom/ that I spoke to is my cousin.关系副词(when/ where/ why)引导的定语从句。When在从句中作时间状语，其先彳亍局是表示时间的词( day/ year/ season等)。例如：我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。I shall never forget

35、the day I joined the League.解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。The PLA men come at the time the people need them most.Where在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点的词( place/ town/ home/ house) 例如：你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗？Do you still remember the place we first met?近来你去过你成长的小城吗？Have you been to the town you grew up recently?Why在从句中作原因状语，其先行词是rea

36、son。例如：没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。Nobody knows the reason he is often late for school23, call sb at +电话号码24, information【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料(侧重内容) news UC广播、电视等报道的新闻、消息(强调新鲜、及时) a piece of news message C 口信、短信、信息(强调传递) take a message for sbleave a message to sb25, who do you think should get the job ? =in

37、 your opinion , who should get the job ?Unit 4 What's the best movie theate r1,最高级的用法 用于三者或三者以上的比较eg: Which do you like best , Chinese, Math or English ?"one of+最高级+n.复数"表示"最，之一"Eg: Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.“the +序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在，范围内，是第几，”Eg: Hai

38、nan is the second largest island in China. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰，只能用 that引导定语从句Eg: My cousin is the funniest person (that) I know.This is the first letter (that) I received from my sister. Of all +n.复数；of the + 数(> 3) + n.复数；in/ at+地点2, Comfort v.使舒适，安慰comfortable adj. 舒适的( - uncomfortable)comfortably ad

39、v.舒适地3, Voice嗓音(说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声) in a low voice小声地Noise杂音Sound任何可以听到的声音4, be close to 靠近5， choose-chose choose from 从 , 中选择 choose to do sth 选择做某事6， Can I ask you some/ a few questions?7, Welcome to+地点8， So far= until now= up to now 至今为止9， Around/ near here= in the neighborhood10， thanks for +n/ V-ing

40、Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me. Thank you/ Thanks No problem/ You re welcome/ That s all right/ Not at all/ It s a pleasure/ My pleasure/ That s OK.11, talent n.天资，才能 talented adj.有天赋的 （funtalented）Have a talent for （doing） sth.

41、 对（做）某事有天赋12， around the world= all over the world13， have, in common 有相同特征in common with 同 , 一样14， Kind of 相当于副词，修饰形容词或副词，意为“稍微，有点” ，与 a little/ bit 相近A kind of 意为“一种” ， some kinds of 意为“几种” ， different kinds of 意为“不同种类的” ， all kinds of 意为“各种各样的” 。这里的 kind 是“种，类，属”的意思。15， and so on 等等16， be up to 是

42、 , 的职责，由 , 决定 be up to sb to do sth 应由某人做某事17， play a role/ part in doing sth 在, 中扮演角色，在 , 中发挥作用，有影响18， 部分否定： all ， both， everyone， everybody ， everything ， everywhere ， every， each， always 等与 not 连用表示部分否定。全 部 否 定 ： all none ， both neither ， everyone no one/ nobody/ not anyone ， everything nothing/

43、not anything ， every no， always never19， make up 编造（故事、谎言）20, take seriously 认真对待21， for example 例如 follow the example of , 以 , 为榜样give an example 举例 set anexample to给,树立榜样 such as例如22， come true23， finish+ n/ v-ing24， crowd v. 拥挤 eg： They crowd into the room.n.人群 eg： There was a big crowd at the fo

44、otball match.A crowd of students are waiting for the busCrowded adj. 拥挤的Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show？1， 不定式做宾语： want/ hope/ expect/ plan to do2， Learn, from 从 , 学习 learn sth by heart 熟记 learn sth by oneself 自学3， Plan to do sth/ plan on sth 计划、打算做某事Plan for sth 考虑到某事make a plan for, 为 , 制定

45、计划4， Hope to do/ hope that 希望 （没有 hope sb to do 的表达）I hope so/ I hope not5， Happen to sb/ sth 某人 /物发生不幸的事eg ： What happened to him ？Happen to do/ it happens that 碰巧Happen偶然发生take place事先安排的、人为的发生6， Expect （sb） to do/ expect that 期待7, One day某天 （过去、斗哥来）some day 某天 （斗哥来）the other day=a few days ago 前几

46、天8, Mean v.意味着（三单为 means）Means n.方法、工具、手段 by means ofMeaning n. 意义、含义the meaning ofMeaningless adj. 毫无意义的9， Mind v. 介意 would/ do you mind （one s）（not） doing sth?I don t mind them.make up one s mind 下决心change one s mind 改变主意 never mind 没关系、不必担心keep in one s mind 记住10， think of 认为、想起think about 认为、考虑t

47、hink over 仔细考虑11, be famous for因为，而著名 be famous as作为，而著名12, appear v.出现（disappear消失） appearance n.出现、露面、夕卜表13， come out 出版、发表，出来，开花14, succeed v成功 succeed in （doing） sth 成功地做某事Success n 成功Successful adj. 成功的 be successful in （doing） sth 成功地做某事Successfully adv. 成功地15, reason结论性原因cause起因 excuse借口16, danger n.危险 be in great danger处于极大危险中out of danger脱离危险endanger v. 使遭遇危险，危及dangerous adj.危险的endangered adj.有灭绝危险的17, luck n.运气lucky adj.幸运的（-unlucky 不幸的）一luckily adv.幸运地18, be ready to do sth 愿意做某事get ready to do sth 准备去做某事get ready for