高中英语语法之定语从句知识精讲+35道巩固练习题+解答思路.docx

1、定语从句知识精讲在复合句中。修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。一、先行词定语从句所修饰的词。二、关系词1.关系代词:代替先行词在句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语。如：that,which,who,whomwhose,as.2. 关系副词:代替先行词在句中作状语。如:when,where,why。三、特点.在句子中作定语：1 .关系词在从句中需充当句子成分；关系代词作主语时。人称和数与先行词一致。四、关系代词的用法who指人,在定语从句中作主语，口语中可作宾语;that也可指人,但多用whooThemanwhoissittingunderthetreeisaGerman.Thestudentwho

2、speaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.Themanwho(that)youwanttoseeishere.1. whom指人，在句中作宾语。口语中可略。但在作介词的宾语时只能用whom,不能用whoo关系代词前有介词时,whom不能略Theman(whom)youlookforisdead.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why()12.Johnsaidshe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour._wastrue.A.heB.thisC.whichD.who()13.Thefilmbroughtthehoursback

3、tome.Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where)14._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What()15.Isthisthereason_atthemeetingforcarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained()16.Thefamousbasketbal

4、lstartriedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who()17.Wearelivinginanage_manythingsaredoneoncomputerA.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when()18.NewYork._lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited()19.Icanthinkofmanycases_studentsobviouslyknewa

5、lotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where()20.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace.justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what()21.Jsreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What()22.Helen

6、wasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,._ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which()23.Anyway,thatevening_I'lltellyoumoreaboutlaterendedupstayingatRachel'splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which()24.1workinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that(

7、)25.Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmapwithout.wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which()26.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendas_someonetheycantalkfrequentlyA.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom()27.GeorgeOrwell.wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisr

8、ealnameD.whoserealname()28.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich()29.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat()30._isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.A

9、s()31.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths.-thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich()32.1rememberedthelastplacewevisitedwasamiddleschool.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.which()33.Thisisthefirsttime_IhavecometoChina.A.whenB.whichC.atwhichD.that()34.Shewillneverforge

10、ttheday_shejoinedtheparty.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.onthat()35.1don'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.A.thatB.onwhichC.whichD.as习题解析1. D此句考查非限制性定语从句。从句中少主语，故选which,用来指代前面的windowsoBwhich指代前面的噪音。2. D宾语前置句，其正常语序为shecouldturnforhelptowhom.故选DeB本句中的which用来指代前面的weathero3. A本句是一个限制性定语从句。句意:我不喜欢你跟她说话的方式。完整的应为:ldon

11、'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.在定语从句中,that不作任何成分时，往往省略。4. B在定语从句中，指代theplace时用whereD我非常怀疑，怀疑的是前面所提到的事。故用which引导。5. B本句是一个非限制性定语从句。“Dorothy总是夸大自己在戏中的角色，这件事让其他人很不高兴o"ofcourse作为插入语，指代事物时用whichoBwhich指代前面提到的花瓶。6. C危险的处境。故选A。7. Cwhich指代前面说的事情。8. C引导词是“thehours”,表时间，而从句又是一个完整的句子,要用关系副词whenB依据口诀中的“句首定从

12、用as”，as代替整个句子，且置于句首。9. ADwho指代前面的篮球明星。10. DBwhich指代NewYork。11. DB此句考查非限制性定语从句。指代地点时用where,句中justasthenamesuggests在句中作插入语。12. BDwhich指代前面所说的事。13. DC此句中的business解释为“股份公司”，考地点时,引导词要用whereo14. DD定语从句本身是一个完整的句子，用关系副词或“介词+whom”结构;而先行词是someone,引导词要用指人的关系代词，所以用“withhome”。15. DA这句话在讲他说话的方式使我惊讶。Whatsurprisedm

13、ewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway(that)hesaidit.这里that可以省去。16. Aofwhich其中的which指代前文halfamillionpairsofshoeso句意:这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中的(指50万双鞋)80%销往海外。17. DA18. Bvisited后缺宾语，句子不完整，用that。19. CBtheday“那一天”指时间。故选B。20. Atheway用来引导状语从句，后面是一个完整的句子，因此选thatoIknowthegirl(whom/who)theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirltowhomt

14、heteacherisspeaking.2. whose作定语。可指人或物Everyonehelpsthechildwhoseparentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudentswhose'homeworkwasn'thandedin.3. that指人或物，多指物;作主语(不能略)或宾语(可略)Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplantthatgrowsinthenorth.Thatisthenewfilm(that)wehaveseen.4. which指物,在句中作主语(不能略)或宾语(可略)Th

15、isbuildingwhichisbeingbuiltisahotel.Iknowthehouse(which)helivedin.注意:A.whom,that,which在定语从向中作宾语可略，但在介词+whom/which中不能略、介词后不能用thal。若介词置于动词后，可用that,which。whom;置于关系代词前只用whichwhom固定的动词短语中介词不能提前。ThechildtowhomAuntLiwrotealetterisill.Thisisthemagazine(that/which)youarelookingfor.B.先行词是人时可用who或that,但下列情况多用w

16、ho来明确指人先行词为all,anyone,one/ones指人时，用who来明确指人Twowomenareunderthetree.Theonewhoissewingishermother.Anyonewhohasevescanseeit.先行词为those或he/she等人称代词时。Thosewhoareagainsttheplanhaveraisedtheirhands.Hewhodoesn'tgototheGreatwallisnotarealman:©Therebe开头的句子。Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou. 在被分隔的定语从句中T

17、heteacherwillcomeatoncewhowillteachanewGermansong. 一个句子带有两个定语从句，其中一个用who,另一个用thatoThemanthatwaspraisedatthemeetingwhowas,givenamedalisasoldier.C.指物时用which或thal,但在下列情况一般用thato先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,much.liule,none.one等不定代词时，只能用thatoAllthatglittersisnotgold. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。Thisisthebe

18、stfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstEnglishnovelthatwaspublishedinourcountry. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.4先行词被very,thesame,thelast,theonly.thefirst等修饰时HeistheverymanthatI'mafter.TheonlythingthatIcandoistoworkharder.6.主句以特殊疑问词who,which,what开头时Whowasitthatdiscoveredtheelem

19、ent?Whatwasitthatshebought?7.先行词包括人和物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.IlikethepeopleandtheplacethatIvisitedlastyear.注意:whose指物时，可用“名词+ofwhich+从句'代替Thisistheroomthewindowofwhichisbroken.五、关系副词的用法when指时间。 在定语从句中作状语。先行词主要为一些时间名词(year,day等)。Hestillremembersthedaywhenhejoin

20、edthearmy. 先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用that/which,不能用when。Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.Heremembersthedayswhenhespentmuchmoneyonstories. Itisthefirsttimethat.句型中,that是习惯用法，不能用wherioItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall2. where指地点。 指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。IknowthefactorywhereIworkedtwentyyearsago. 指地点，

21、在句中作主语、宾语时不能用where,须用that/whichoThisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.注意:有时when,where相当于“介词at/in+which”Helefttheroomwhere/inwhichhelivedlastyear.3. why表原因;"thereasonwhy.that."中,不能用because代替thatoThat'sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn'tcometosch

22、ool.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingisthathewasill.但reason在从句中作宾语时关系词用that/which,可略。Idon'tbelievethereason(which/that)hegaveme.六、其它l.as在限制性定语从句中。只有在先行词前含有such.thesame.as.as.so.as等时，使用as:as可作宾语，主语。表语，若从句的谓语与主句谓语相同或为be动词时，可以将谓语省略。He'llgiveussuchthingsaswemayneed.Tomlivesinthesamebuildi

23、ngasI(livein).Hisansweristhesameasyours(is).as与that的区别：as引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物;that引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。Thisisthesamepenas!lostyesterday.这正像我昨天丢的钢笔2.m/bywhich或that用在theway后，在定语从句中作行为方式状语,常可略Idon'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.Iadmiredtheway(inwh

24、ich/that)youansweredhisquestions.Thisisnottheway(bywhich/that)wecamelasttime.七、非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:定语从句紧接先行词，不用远号隔开。非限制性定语从句:对前面的先行词作补充说明。用这号与主句隔开。1.关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法。关系代词作宾语时不能省略，指人作主语用who.作宾语用whom指地点用where、指时间用when,指物只用which(不能用that）,作定语用whoseoHedidn'tseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.（不用that）2.关系

25、代词as和which的并同 两者都用退号与主句隔开，引导一个属于附加说明性质的定语从句，说明整个主句某个短语（不一定修饰某个具体的先行词），可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、从句中的谓语动用单数形式。TaiWanisapartofChina,which/asisknowntoall.HeisaFrenchman,which/asIknowfromhisaccentEveryoneshouldstudyhardforthepeople,which/ashasbeensaidbefore. as引导的定语从句可以置于主句前或后，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后Asanybodycansee,a

26、nelephantislikeasnake.在下列习语中多用as。asanybodycansee/asisknowntoall众所周矢口的ashasbeensaidbefore正如以前所说的ashepointedout正如他所指出的若定语从句的内容对主句有贬义色彩或起消极作用时，则其后的从句多用whichThepartyisputoff,whichmakesusverydisappointed.Hedidnothingbutsitthere,whichshowedhislaziness.八、区分：Loneofsb.who+谓语用复数形式.theonlyoneofsb.who+谓语用单数形式Sh

27、eisoneofthestudentswhosingRussiansongsinourclass.TomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoknowsSpanish.2.thatistosay或thatis表示“也就是说，换句话说”，在句中作插入语，不要误认为非限制性定语从句。Theoldmanhasgoneforever,thatistosay.hehasdied.巩固精练()1.Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostofhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which()2.Sheheardaterriblenois