高中英语句子成分及结构分析

1、高中英语句子结构分析英语的九大词类名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词，冠词 。一、名词（n.）：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。物体名-desk,cup,chair人名-Mike,Li Ming; 地名一America ,China动物名-pig,dog;植物名-tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称：idea（主意）,victory（胜 禾1J'knowledge（知识）.二、代词（pron.）：主要用来代替名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的。代替人的代词有： I,you,he,she,it,they这里要注意，代词的作宾语的形式me,him,her,them.，代

2、替物的代词有:it,that,this,those,these三、动词（v.）:“动"就是动作-可以指具体的动作：walk（走）,jump（跳）,swim（游泳）;人的大脑动作（心 理活动）:think（想）,imagine（想象）.四、形容词（adj.）：用来表示名词的性质或特征。我们在谈论人或物时，常用上：tall （高的），short矮的），black （黑的），white （白的）这些词往往是 修饰名词。五、副词（adv.）：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、程度等。副词 很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是

3、词尾 是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词（likely一有可能的lovely一可爱的friendly 一友好的lonely一孤独的 weekly 每周一次的 monthly 每月一次的 yearly每年一次的）六、介词（prep.）：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。at, by, to, in, for, of,on, from, with介词在英语中最常用于介宾结构介词+名词/代词，起修饰作用.比如：in winter,fromAmerica,behind the door 等等。七、连词（conj.）：用来连接词、短语、句子。连词不能单独作句子成分，只能和其他词类一起作句子

4、成分。常见的连词有：and 表并列、both . and并列、but表转折、or表选择、if表条 件等。八、冠词 ，英语中只有三个词：aan （不定冠词 ）the （定冠词），简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。九、数词：跟 数字有关的词就是数词，英语中的数词有两种，基数词和序数词。 基数词， 比如：one two 、 three 、 four、five 、 six 、 seven 等等 ， 序数词， 比如： first 、 second、 third 、 fourth 、fifth 等等。英语句子根据结构划分： 简单句： （ 5 种基本句型）主

5、 +谓主 +谓 +宾主 +系 +表主 +谓 +双宾（间宾+直宾）主 +谓 +宾 +宾补 并列句 and, but, or 复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）副词从句（状语从句）形容词从句（定语从句）根据功能划分：陈述句, 祈使句 , 感叹句，疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句等）动词分类：情态动词、助动词、系动词、实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词） 形容词修饰系动词放在动词后，形容词修饰名词，一般放在名词前；副词修饰实义动词，放在实 义动词后，修饰整个句子放在句首，修饰形容词，一般位于形容词前。五种基本句型【句型一】主语 + 谓语 （不及物动词vi.）主语：是动作的发出者，一

6、般是名词，代词，动词不定式，动名词，短语，从句等。谓语：谓语总是由动词或动词短语充当，是英语时态、语态变化的主角。谓语与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致！不及物动词（vi.） 一般不接宾语，接宾语得加一个介词。谓语由 动词词组 充当，分两种情况: 1. 及物动词+副词，2. 不及物动词+介词。动副词组：point out （指出），carry out （执行）,put forward （提出）,work out （做出，算出），find out（找出）,give up （放弃）,give away （赠送，分发），pick up （拣起）,put up （挂上）等。动副词可拆分，若是代词作宾语应放

7、在中间。They carried out the plan successfully.They carried the plan out successfully.动介词组：look after （照顾），look at （瞧），look for （寻找），belong to （属于），referto （参考， 提及），think of （考虑,评价）,send for（派人去请）,care for（喜欢）,suffer from （受 之苦）,deal with（对 付，应付）,object to （反对），pay for （付的钱）等。动介词是不可拆分的，所以代词放在后面， 即我们只能说t

8、hink of it,不能说think it of.His father cooks.The children are listening quietly. He runs fast in the street.The meeting begins at nine.They worked day and night. I lived in Beijing five years ago. His father has gone abroad.【句型二】主语+谓语（及物动词vt.） +宾语及物动词后必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者宾语位于及物动词或介词 之后，主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短

9、语或从句充当（名词作宾语）（名词作宾语）（动词ing形式作宾语）（名词作宾语）（从句作宾语）（代词作宾语）（动名词V-ing作宾语）（不定式作宾语）He did his English homework.The workers are building the bridge.I enjoy sharing my work experience.She is doingher homework now.She saidshe felt sick.We often help him.He likes playing basketball.He likes to play basketball .T

10、he boys were watching the world cup match.Can you feel the power of loveWe enjoy listening to the music.She wanted a barbie toy so much when she was young.Zhang Yimou made a love movie.I don' believe in（介）that man.He pointed out （SU） the mistakes in my composition.On Christmas Day, we will call

11、on our foreign teachers.You must hand in your exercise-books after class.We cannot work out （副） the problem in five minutes.【句型三】主+系+表（什么是什么）连系动词主要是连系主语和表语。系动词可分四类：1. “五be” 是（am, is, are, was, were）2.“五感官”动词look （眼）看起来sound （耳）听起来taste （口）尝起来smell （鼻）闻起来feel （手）摸起来3. “五变” get变得,turn变得，grow变得,go变得，be

12、come成为4. “三保持” keep 保持，stay 保持 ,remain 保持作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词、不定式、动名词、从句等I am a teacher.She isbeautiful.This song soundsgood.Leaves turnedgreen.用动词做的主语和从句主语也可用it替代，叫形式主语，真正主语在句中都后移It is important to learn English.It is known to everyone in our class that he has been to many parts of the worldHer new Iph

13、one5 is cool to death.His son is a rock star.My room looks like a pigsty.Li Lei and Jim are gay friends.Children grow wiser as they grow.The river looks especially beautiful in the early morning.Dinner smells good.His voicesounded strange on the phone.The caketastes delicious.Harry potter is the her

14、o in this book.Playing basketball is interesting.To learn English is important.Swimming is a sport he enjoys.That he has been to many parts of the world is known to everyone in our class.【句型四】主+谓+双宾（问宾+直宾）（两者没有直接的关系）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，这两个宾语通常一个指（间接宾语）；一个指物（直接宾语）eg: give / pass / bring/ take / show/ buy s

15、b. sth.若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾的词有（需借助 to 的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask 等（需借助 for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order sing, save, sparedI bought

16、Johna birthday present. 或 I bought a birthday present for john.Please tellme your telephone number. 或 Please tellyour telephone number to me.Give me a cup of tea please.Pass our English teacher the book.Bring it to me, please.Show this house to Mr. Smith.Sheordered herself a new dress.He brought you

17、 a dictionary.Please give me a few apples.I ' ll show you my photos.【句型五】主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（两者有直接的关系）谓语后只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，必须加一个成分来补充说明宾语，才能使意思完整 宾语补足语：位于宾语之后补充说明宾语。宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词 -ing形式、过去分词等充当。The war made him a soldier.（名词）New methods make the job easy .（形容词）I often find him at work .（介

18、词短语）The teacher ask the students to close the windows.（不定式）I saw a cat running across the road.（现在分词）Our teacher found the windows_closed.（过去分词）We call him Tom.At first I found Chinese quite hard.Tell him not to be late tomorrow.He made all of us laugh.The little girl often helps her mother （to） do

19、the housework.We found a cat lying under the chair.I find learning English difficult.I will make you a captain.The manager asked Amandao leave.His words made mesad.I find learning English difficult.I saw the kite up and down.Tom made the girl cry.He proved that theory very important.I thought her ni

20、ce and honest the first time I met her.句子成分 状语 ， 可位于 句首、句末或句中，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示动作，行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当。He speaks Englishvery well. （表程度）He is playingunder the tree . （表地点）I come to see you.（表目的）Ten years ago, She began to livein Dalian. （表时间，地点）The boy was praisedfor

21、 his bravery.（表原因）If I am not busy tomorrow , I will play football with you. （表条件）副词（短语）作状语：The boy needs a pen very much.（程度状语）The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.（宾语较长贝 状语前置）The boy really needs a pen.（程度状语）The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pe n

22、.时间状语） 介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.（地点状语）Before his mother,Tom is always a boy条件状语）On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom的问状语）分词（短语）作状语：He sits there,asking for a pen.（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.（原因状语）Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.（原因状语）

23、不定式作状语：The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目 的状语）To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.名词作状语：Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句句子成分 定语 ，它位置灵活，用来修饰限定名词或代词，说明名词或代词的品质与特征。由形容词、代词、 数词、 名词或名词所有格、介词短语、不定式等等，相当于一个形容词， 译为的

24、”形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen.Tom is a handsome boy.There is a good boy.数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens.The two boys are students.There are two boys in the room.代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Tom's penHis name is Tom.There are two boys of Toms there.介词短语作定语：The boy in the classroom needs

25、 a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen.It is a ball pen.There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.副词作定语：The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom.不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs a pen.The boy to write this l

26、etter is Tom.There is nothing to do today.分词（短语）作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.The pen bought by her is made in China.There are five boys left.定语从句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.The boy you will know is Tom.There are five boys who will play the

27、 game.句子成分同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分。如：We students should study hard. / （students是 we 的同位语，都是指同一批学生'We all are students. / （all 是 we 的同位语，都指同样的我们）练习（一 ）. 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary

28、 was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.（二 ） 选出句中谓语的中心词 I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. days D. summer Do you usual

29、ly go to school by busA. DoB. usuallyD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meetingC. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast8. twinsC. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn'tC. do D. his hom

30、ework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tellC. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. We B. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. inD. music Whom did you give my book toA. giveC. whom D. book（三 ） 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasn't done his homework. Peo

31、ple all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across th

32、e bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.（四 ） 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became intere

33、sted in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.（五 ） 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of th

34、e other shoe!（六 ） 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground

35、 just now（七 ） 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.（八）划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us