英语词汇学课后答案张维友编

1、英语词汇学教程（2004年版）练习答案Chapter 1bloke: fellowswell: greatblue: fightfull: drunk beaver: girl albeit = although me eke = also7. tart: loose woman gat: pistol chicken: coward smoky: police dame: woman8. haply = perhaps methinks = it seemssooth = truthmorn = morningtroth = pledgeere = beforequoth = saidhal

2、lowed = holybillow = wave/ the sea bade = bid12.DenizensAliensTranslation loansSemantic loanskettleconfrerechopstickdreamdiepro patriatyphoonwallWunderkindblack humourskirtmikadolong time no seehusbandparvenuChapter 21Ex.1The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language famili

3、es in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English wo

4、rds better and use them more appropriately.2.Indo-European Language Family111111111111Balto-Slavic Indo-IranianCeltic Italian HellenicGermanic=!=1!'RoumanianHindiBretonSpanish GreekEnglishLithuanianPersianScottish FrenchSwedishPrussianIrishItalianGermanPolishPortugueseNorweigianSlavenianIcelandi

5、cRussianDanishBulgarianDutch6.When in the course of human events it becomes necessaryfor one peopleto dissolve the political bonds which have connectedthem with another, and to assumeamong the powers of the earthseparateand equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle th

6、em, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causeswhich impel them to theseparation.Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the En

7、glish vocabulary.8. eventful Latin + English hydroplane Greek + Latin falsehood Latin + English pacifist Latin + Greek saxophone German + Greekheirloom French + Englishjoss house Portuguese + English televisionGreek + Latin9.amateur (late)finac (late)empire (early)peace (E)courage (E)garage (L)judge

8、ment (E)chair (E)chaise (L)grace (E)servant (E)routine (L)jealous (E)savat (L)genre (L)gender(E)d (but (L)morale (L)state (E)chez (L)ballet (L)11.allegro, f 轻快 andante, j行板diminuendo, g渐弱largo, d缓慢pianoforte, a轻转慢alto, i女低音crescendo, b渐强forte, e强piano, h轻soprano, c女高音12.cherub (Hebrew) coolie (Hindi

9、) lasso (Sp) shampoo (Indian) tepee (Am Ind) kibitz (G) chipmunk (Am Ind) cotton (Arab) loot (Hindi)13.a. alligatorc. rodeoe. igloog. wigwam i. hurricane k. panchosChapter 1. a. morpheme c. bound morpheme e. affixg. derivational affixsnorkel (G) tulip (Turk) wok (Ch) chocolate (Mex) jubilee (Gr)Sabb

10、ath (Heb) tamale (Mex) voodoo (Afr) sauerbraten (G)b. locod. bonanzaf. blitzkriegh. canoej. boomerangb. allomorphd. free morphemef. informational affixh. rooti. stemj. base3. individualisticindividualist + ic stem, base individual + ist stem, base individu + al stem, base in + dividu root, stem, bas

11、eundesirablesun + desirable stem, base desir + able root, stem, basemorphemfree morpheme = free root b bound rootbound morphemeaffix tinflectional affix prefixderivational affisuffixChapter 4Affixation5.non-smoker disobey immature unwillingness illogical non-athleticincapable insecurity inability/di

12、sabilityillegal disloyalimpractical irrelevant unofficiallydisagreement inconvenient6.hardenhorrifymodernizememorizefalsifyapologizedeepenglorifysterilizelengthenintensifybeautifyfattensympathizea. apologizedb. beautifyc. lengtheningd. sympathizede. fattenf. falsifyg. memorizingh. Sterilize7.a. empl

13、oyeeb. politicianc. participantd. waitresse. conductorf. teacherg. pianisth. examinee/examiner8.trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-world mono- = one: monorail, monoculturesuper- = over, above: superstructure, supernatural auto- = self: autobiography, automobilesub- = bad, badly: malpractice, m

14、alnutritionmini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwar pre- = before: prehistorical, preelection ex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmerCompoundingbrainwashing V + O baking powder V +adv dog-tired adv + a love-sick adv + a peace-loving V +O easy chair a + n tax-free adv +a goings-on V +adv4. well-bred/we

15、ll-behaved needle work/homework bar-woman/sportswoman clear-minded/strong-minded self-control/self-respect water-proof/fire-proof news-film/news-letter sister-in-law/father-in-law half-way/half-doneage-conscious/status-consciousculture-bound/homebound praiseworthy/respectworthy nation-wide/college-w

16、ide military-style/newstyle budget-related/politics-related once-fashionable/once-powerful mock-attack/mock-sadness home-baked/home-produced ever-lasting/ever-green campus-based/market-basedheartbeat S + V movie-goer place + V far- reaching V + Adv lion-hearted adv + a boyfriend S + complement snap

17、decision V + O on-coming V +adv light-blue a + aConversion7. a. stomach nf vb. room n f v c. wolf n f v d. come/go vf ne. familiar af nf. innocent af ng. flat a f n h.ah/ ouchintf vi. warm a f nj. has-been/might-havebeen finite v f n k. Hamlet proper n f v l. buy v f n m. smooth a f vBlendingmotel h

18、umint advertisetics psywarrior hoverport chunnelhi-fiClippingcopter (helicopter) lab (laboratory) gas (gasoline) scope (telescopy sarge sergeant) ad (advertisement)(motor + hotel)(human + intelligence) (advertisement + statistics) (psychological warrior) (hovercraft + port) (channel + tunnel) (high

19、+ fidelity)cinemactress Cinema + actress)dorm (dormitory)prefab (prefabricated house) prof (professor)champ (champion) mike (microphone) tec (detective)Acronymy2. kg = kilogram ft = foot cf = confer cm = centimeter $ = dollar ibid = ibidem etc. = et ceteraVIP = very important personOPEC = Organizati

20、on of Petroleum Exporting Countries TOEFL = teachingof English as aforeign language3. a. SALTb. radarc. AIDSd. BASICe. Laserf. WHOg. sonarh. G-manBackformation2. lase (laser) escalate (escalator) babysit (babysitter) peeve (peevish) orate (orator) commute (commuter)Commonization of Proper Namesa. ta

21、ntalize Tantalusb. Argus-eyed Argusc. narcissism!- Narcissusd. sabotage- sabotse. martinet Martinetf. yahoo Yahoog. Shylock Shylockh. hoovering Hooveri. utopiaUtopiaj. Uncle TommismUncle TomChapter 5】birdsa cricketn foxesj sheep- f monkeys e hyenas h swans i6. apes- b cattle m doves c geese- k wolve

22、sg pigs- l turkeys d9. a. A scientist working in a project to develop industrial uses for nuclear power might have all the positive associationswith “atomic ” , such as “ benefit, energy ” , etc.b. A Japanese resident of Hiroshima, victim of the atomic explosion at the endof World War II, might h av

23、e all the negative associations with“atomic ” ,such as " suffering, killing, death, horror", etc.c. To a student of nuclear physics,“atomic " might be associated with “myscience, knowledge ” , etc.10. talkative: implying a fondness for talking frequently and at length neutral) articul

24、ate: expressing oneself easily and clearlyRositiv© gossip:indulging in idle talk or rumours about others (negative*rambling: talking aimlessly without connection of ideas negative) fluent:speaking easily, smoothly, and expressivelypositiv。mouthy:overtly talkative, especially in a rude way nagat

25、ive)11.NoAppreciativeNeutralPejorative1particularfastidious/fussy2criticalfault-finding/picky3style/voguefad4artfulcunning/sly5 1unstablefickle/capricious6developingunderdeveloped/ backward7encourage/ promoteinstigate8groupclique/gang14. bull-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+BOVINEcow-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+BOVINEcalf-HU

26、MAN+MALE-ADULT+BOVINErooster-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINEhen-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+GALLINEchicken-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE-HUMANbullcowcalf+BOVINEroosterhenchicken+GALLINE+MALE-MALE+ADULTChapter 6】Polysemy4.Homonymy4. 1) Make both endsmeat is a parody of make both ends meet which means“ haveenough money for

27、one ' s needs ” . Here the butcher cleverly uses the pair ofhomonyms meat and meet to make a pun. It makes a proper answer to thelady' s questionl ) Butchers cannot make both ends meat (make wholesausageswith all meat) becausethey cannot make both ends meet (If theymade sausages with all mea

28、t, which is more costly, they would notearnenough money to survive.)( 2) Don ' complain. All the butchers dothe same. I am not the only one who is making sausages with bread.2) Swallow is a bird which is seen in summer. But by one swallow we see, we cannot deduce that it is already summer time.

29、Swallow can also mean a mouthful of wine. On a cold winter day, if one has a swallow of wine, onemay feel warm.3) arms has two meanings: weapons; the human upper limbs. Since a cannon ball took off his legs "，the soldier was not able to fight on, so he laiddownhis arms", which means surren

30、der. It can also mean he laid downhis upper limbs.Synonymy3. avaricious:greedycourteously:politelyemancipate:set freecustomary:usualwidth:breadthadversary:opponentgullible: remainder:innocent:obstacle:vexation:deceived residue sinless obstruction annoyance5. a. identifiableb. safetyc. motivatesd. de

31、licatee. surroundingsf. artificialg. prestigeh. perspirei. accomplishmentj. silentk. impressivel. evaporate6. runmovespinturnwhirlroll7. a. steadb. gee-geec. riped. maturee. effectivef. efficientg. fatigued, childrenh. tired, kidsi. declinedj. refusedk. rancidl. addledm. Penaltiesn. fineso. rebuked

32、p. accusedAntonymy5. a. similar/sameb.safec. sharp/ smartd.sende. stingy/ selfishh.simplef. significant/sensible i. sureg. skeptical/ suspiciousl.smoothj. slipshod/ slovenly/ sloppyk. sleepiness/ sleep / slumberm. subjectivel. sob/ scowlb. completelyd. specialf. similarityh. rigidj. clarityl. fruitf

33、ulb. a. old-fashionedc. moisturee. essentialg. innocent i. loosen k. desertedm. peremptory n. depressed o. indifferent7. a. feed starve, cold-fever c. haste leisureb. wisdomfolliesd. penny- pound, wise foolishe. speech- silenceg. admonish praisef. absence- presencei. wise menfoolsh. young oldprivate

34、 public saint devilj. mind bodyl. danger securityn. children parents p. head tailk. foulfairm. deliberate-prompto. bullycoward8. rightwrong drysweet strong faint light-dark highlow/deepsingle return hard easy rough calm coldwarmHyponymy3.furniture:matter: meat:go:desk, chair, table, bed liquid, gas,

35、 solid pork, beef, mutton run, fly, fessionsurgeon: plumber:lawyer: mechanic: photographer: foreman:workplaceclinic, hospital house, building office, law courts garagestudioworksite, factory5.6.In Sentence 1,got, furniture, recently are superordinates because they are general and convey a v

36、ery vague idea whereas in Sentence 2, the three words are replacedrespectively by bought, cupboard, three days ago, which are subordinates, conveying a definite and clear idea. So Sentence 2 is better than Sentence 1.In 3, it is said, magnificent building, destroyed, yesterdayare superordinate terms

37、, which are comparatively much more general than the news says, Royal Hotel, burnt down, last night respectively in 4, which can be described as subordinates. Since 4 is clearer than 3 in meaning, it is better.Semantic field3. Group 1 is synonymouslysemantic field and Group 2 is semanticfiled. The d

38、ifference lies: In 1 the words are synonyms none of them covers the meaning of another, and they differ only in style and emotive values. In 2 the words are not synonyms, but each refers to a specific type of horse Horse is a cover term or superordinate, and others are subordinates. These terms have

39、 no difference in style or affective meaning.Chapter 7】4. 1) extension3) narrowing5) elevation7) extension9) narrowing2) extension4) degradation6) narrowing8) extension10) elevation11) narrowing12) degradation13) degradation14) degradation5. a. associated transfer b. abstract to concrete c. abstract

40、 to concrete d. abstract to concrete e. abstract to concrete f. abstract of concrete g. associated transfer h. associated transfer i. synesthesia6. a. objective c. objective e. subjective g. subjectivej. synesthesiab. subjective, objectived. subjectivef. subjectiveh. subjective, objective7. a. diec.

41、 bedlam疯人院e. strikeg. stupid pupil1. toiletk. unemployed motherb. graveyard d. old people f. Policeman h. poor people j. fat personChapter 8】2. a. to repairb. measurement nd determination of one ' s positionc. predicamentd. injectiona. a single complete dividing part (of a rocket)b. the theatre

42、or acting as a professionc. a particular point or period in a process of developmentd. to plan, arrange and carry outa. interchange and discussion of ideas, esp. for mutual understanding or harmonyb. conversationc. a written conversation (of a play, etc.)3. a. synonymb. explanation/ definitionc. ant

43、onymd. examplee. relevant detailsf. relevant detailsg. relevant details4. a. stop people drinkingstop drinking by themselvesb. a stone house which is biga house built of big stonesc. a picture possessed by Bettya photograph of Bettyd. aunts who are visitingpaying a visit to auntse. take Jane as his

44、wifepreside over Jane ' s weddingf. a weapon that can fly over long distance and that it explodes when ihits thething it aims atan object that is thrown at somebody in order to hurt himChapter 9】6. a 2)b9)c3)d6)e-1)f8)g5)h4)i7)j10)7. a. stand out againstb. approve ofc. get over withd. looking in

45、toe. come up withf. comply withg. cashed in onh. go withouti. to profit by / fromj. dut down to8. a cool cat= a really calm person blow one's stack lose control over oneself fly off the handler become excessively angry what's more= furthermoreget away with= commit an 川egitimate act without p

46、enalty of courser naturallyget on = get oldpepper and sal= grey (hair)make up for= compensate for lost time= time wasted take it easy relax, not worry get up= rise from bed turn in = go into bed take care of= manage or look after like a breezer without effort or easily time off = time for restget it

47、 made= be successfulthis is it= be in a position or place, or have possession of an object beyond which more of the same is unnecessarySam is really a calm person. He never loses control of himself and hardly ever becomes too angry. Furthermore, he knows how to manage his business financially by usi

48、ng a few tricks Needless to say, heettoog older.His hair is beginning to turn grey, but he knows how to compensate for wasted time by relaxing. He rises early, exercises, and goes to bed early. He manages his frankfurter dispensary without visible effort, until it is someone else's turn to work

49、there. Sam is successful, he has reached his life's goal.9. a. Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.A stitch in time saves nine.b. Fleur's head was lost in the tool-box, but her voice was heard saying: Too many cooks, better let me:Too many cooks spoil the broth.

50、c. But not many other people held that view discerning his finger still very large in every pie so much so that there often seemed less pie than finger. have a finger in the pied. I'm thinking of putting up a Silence is golden' placard in his office. Nobody can hear themselves think.Speech i

51、s silver, silence is goldene. They four had one likeness: their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of a wheel.wheel within wheelsf. He quotes them extensively nevertheless, together with other equally suspect evidence, because otherwise he would have no straw with which t

52、o make his bricks.make bricks without strawwheeling and dealing town and gown time after time rise and fall puff and blow peace and quiet one and only neck and neck moan and groan man and beast10. wind and weather waifs and strays top and tail rules and regulations rags and tatters pick and shovel over and above off and on shoulder to shoulder milk and water11. a.好奇伤身。b.闻声知鸟。/闻言知人。c.种瓜得瓜。/种豆得豆。d.美貌只是一层皮。/不可以貌取人e.良药苦口。f.谨慎是安全之本。g.子为人之父。/从小看大。h.不满是前进的第一步。/不满就是进步的开始i.入乡随俗。j.吃一堑，长一智。k.烈火试真金，逆境炼意志。Chapter 1014. draft (AmE)-drau