Unit5 知识点讲1

1、Unit5 知识点讲解1.voyage, journey, travel, trip和 tour的区别一组词都有“旅行”的意思，但各词的含义有所不同。 1）. journey指从一地到另一地，通常指陆地上的远距离“旅行”，有时也可以表示经常走的或长或短的“路程”。只作名词。例如： I took a journey from Beijing to Shanghai last year. - How long is your journey to school? -Only about 10 minutes. 2）. voyage主要指远距离的水上旅行，也可以指空中旅行意思为“航海、航空、航行”等

2、。只作名词。例如： She usually gets seasick during the voyage. They made a voyage across the Pacific by air. 3）. trip 一般指时间短、距离近的“旅行、远足”，也可以指长途旅行。在非正式用语中可代替journey。只作名词。例如： We made a boat trip to the island last week and had a good time. I will be on a trip to / journey to the south next summer holiday. 4）.

3、tour 着重指旅行线路比较曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）参观、访问、（巡回）旅游、视察、购物、演出”等意思。可作动词和名词。例如： I will tour the world in the future. My father has gone down-town on a shopping tour. 5）. travel作“旅行、游历”解，一般表示从一地到另一地旅行这一总的概念。常指长时间、远距离的“旅行”。尤指出国旅行。可作动词和名词。其复数形式意思为“旅游笔记”、“游记”。例如： At present, many people are fond of travel in their sp

4、are time. I am reading a book about the travel to North Pole. They came home after years of foreign travel. Light travels faster than sound. 2. rather than 用法小结 rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下： 1）. rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather.than.”句式，意思是“宁愿而不愿”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如： She'd rather die

5、 than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 2）. rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是而不是；与其不如”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下： (1) 连接两个名词或代词 He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。 注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语

6、动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2) 连接两个形容词 The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。 (3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词 We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。 She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 (4) 连接两个分句

7、We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。 (5) 连接两个不定式 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。 注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把

8、它们以半价卖掉了。 (6) 连接两个动词 He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。 注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿而不愿 ”解。 would rather的用法 一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形,常省略为d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式 其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。 “would r

9、ather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。 would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。 例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。 If youd rather be alone, well all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。 Hed rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。 You would rather stay at home and do som

10、e reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。 二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿而不愿，与其宁可”的意思时，则可用would ratherthan或wouldrather than的句型 例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。 The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。 请注意 1） would ratherthan/wouldrather than也可

11、以颠倒为：rather thanwould。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。 例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。 He would rather drink wine than beer 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。 Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。 2)使用would ratherthan句型时要注意“平行结构”，即

12、在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。 例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。 I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。 三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would ratherthan中的would要放在主语之前 例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？ Whic

13、h would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？ Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？ 四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿,还是 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。 例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to

14、 tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来) Wed rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。 Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。 请注意 1） 如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ,其（that）从句则用过去完成时。 例 Would rather you had not d

15、one that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。 2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。 例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。 Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked

16、in the same department as he does亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。 五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。 例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。 Tom prefers reading to talking汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。 请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而pref

17、er后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。 例 He prefers wine to beer= He would rather drink wine than beer 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。 I prefer tennis to golf= Id rather play tennis than golf 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。 2）某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats（他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和 He would

18、 rather have dogs than cats（他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。 3） would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。 例 Id rather fly than go by sea=Id prefer to fly 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。 这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样： 例 Would you like some gin？ Id prefer a coffee=Id rather have coffee than gin 您想喝点杜松子酒吗？ 我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒

19、。 4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。 例 We went by sea but Id rather have gone by air=Id prefer to have gone by air 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现。）这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。 3.way构成的短语all the way一路上，从远道而来，从头到尾，一直in this way 这样，用这种方法in a way 在某种程

20、度上in the way 挡路on the way to some place 在去某地的途中，路上this way, please 请这边走in the way of妨碍了in any way不管怎样Everything goes well all the way.一路顺风My friend came all the way from Australia.4. across，cross ，through，along，between，over的用法和区：across, cross是横过的意思，across是介词,通常在用go, run, swim. 等搭配；cross是动词,通常可以直接放在句

21、子中；through是穿过，跟across一样介词,通常在用go, run, swim.等搭配through与cross的不同在于：through是从中通过across是从事物表面穿过；over 是越过，在上方。along 作介词时表示沿着,walk along the streetbetween 介词 在两者之间eg. I went across the road = I cross the road. 我横过马路(经斑马线)The river runs through our city.这条河流经我们市。 He passed through the hall. 他穿过大厅 I swam a

22、cross the Changjiang River 20 years ago. 20年前我横渡了长江。 Look left and right before you go across the street. 过马路时要左右看。She put a blanket over the sleeping child. 她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。She climbed over the wall. 她翻过墙去。a bridge over the river 横跨河面的桥They held a large umbrella over her. 他们给她撑起一把大伞。5. scene , sight ,

23、scenery , view 的区别1)、sight - “光景”。既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观（多指人工的事物，如大建筑史迹等有名的处所），又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。 如：a sad sight悲惨的场景 ，see the historical sights of London游览伦敦的名胜古迹。 它与view或者scenery最大的不同就在于：当sight指景物时，多指某的特有的名胜。 2)、view cn.- “景色”。普遍用语，常指从远处或高处看到的景象，属于scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换。 如：The mountain hotel of

24、fered magnificent views.从山间旅行社可以看到壮丽的景观。 The lantern slides show scene of the beach.幻灯片显示出海滩的景色。3)、scenery un.- “景致”、“外景”，指某地乃至国家总的外景或外貌，尤指美丽的乡间景色。 如：The scenery of this country is unparalleled. 这个国家的风景无与伦比。4)、scene cn.- “景色”。指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，可与view通用，但还包括其中的人及活动在内。 如：The scene after the ea

25、rthquake was horrible.地震后的场景十分可怕。6, surround vt 包围，围绕The river surrounds the village.be surrounded bye/withOur school is surrounded by a wall.The house is surrounded by/with trees.Surrounding adj.周围的，附近的Surroundings n.环境We are living in pleasant surroundings.7.settle down舒适地坐下或躺下；定居；平静下来；专心于Lets set

26、tle down to our work.They settled down in Beijing.Settle in迁入新新居；在新居安顿下来Settle to do sth.决定做某事8. manage to do-succeed in /be able to do强调成功；try to do不强调成功9.catch sight of/lose sight ofat (the) sight of一看见in/out sight ofat first sight乍一看；初见in the sight of在某人看来10.have a gift for对有天赋He has a gift for m

27、usic。11.表示最高级含义的八个比较级句型1）否定词+比较级I cant agree more.2)比较级+than any(other)+单数名词3）比较级+than any of the other +复数名词4)比较级+than any of the othersHe is taller than any of the others in his class.5)比较级+than (all)the other+复数名词He is taller than all the other students in his class.6+比较级+than (all) the othersHe

28、is taller than the others in his class.比较级+than anybody/anyone/anything elseHe is taller than anyone else in his class.8)比较级+than ever beforeShe is more beautiful than ever before.1) Canada is bigger than _country in Asia.A. any B any other C. other D. another2)Tom is much cleverer than _students.A.

29、 every one the B. all the C. any of the other D. many more12.population的用法population是一个集合名词,它的用法有时较为特殊,所以很容易用错。下面谈一下它的用法。 Population n.人口（UN.）；人口总数；（住在某地区的）人一、population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。例如: The world's population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增长得越来越快。 At the beginning of

30、the twentieth century, the world's population was about 1,700 million. 在二十世纪初,全世界的人口大约是十七亿。 二、当主语是表示"人口的百分之几、几分之几"时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如: About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。 三、有时population可用作可数名词,其前可用不定冠词。例如: China has a population of about 1.3 billi

31、on. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.) 中国大约有十三亿人口。 New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million. 纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。 在表示多个地区的人口时,population要用复数形式populations。例如: Many parts of the world, which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops, have become deserts. 世界上很多地区一度人口众多,种植大量的农作物;现在,这些地区已经变成了沙漠。 四、表示人口的"多"或"少",不用"much"或"little",而要用"large"或"small"。例如: India has a large population