副词(知识梳理)

1、.副词概念引入：副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或者整个句子。副词作状语修饰整个句子时，常是评述性的，表示说话人的态度。He quickly got dressed.副词quickly修饰动词gotHouses are much more expensive these days. 副词much修饰形容词比较级more expensiveI push the door very hard. 副词very修饰副词hardHonestly, I think you are mistaken. 副词honestly修饰整个句子语法讲解副词分类时间副词ago, already, before,

2、lately, now, recently, yesterday, before long, since then等表示动作发生的时间，可放在句首或句末。The two boys were playing football then.那时那两个男孩在踢球。地点副词abroad, ahead, back, down, away, far, here, nearby, over, upstairs等通常放在句末，也可放在句首，一般不放在句中。You can find this sentence somewhere in this passage.你可以在这篇文章的某个地方找到这个句子。频率副词al

3、ways, often, ever, never, sometimes, usually, rarely, seldom, hardly, every now and then等通常放在所修饰的动词之前，假设句中有be动词、情态动词、助动词，一般放在这些动词之后。Sometimes he goes to work on foot.他有时走着去上班。I hardly ever heard him sing.我几乎从未听过他唱歌。方式副词angrily, badly, calmly, carefully, clearly, eagerly, happily, nervously等大多数方式副词是以

4、­ly结尾的，位置比较灵敏，可放在句首、句中或句末。I wrote my name carefully.我认真地写下了我的名字。They were shouting at each other angrily.他们愤怒地互相吼叫。程度副词almost, absolutely, entirely, greatly, fairly, extremely, much, very, too, rather, quite, really, slightly等用来描绘动作或状态的程度，一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前、动词及其宾语之后。This problem is rather difficu

5、lt for him.这道题对他来说太难了。Its much worse than I thought.比我原来想的还糟糕。连接副词where, when, how, besides, therefore, however等用来引导从句或连接两个句子，通常放在句子或从句的最前面。I dont want to go out. It is very cold; besides, it is snowing我不想出去，太冷了，而且也正下着雪。副词的句法功能用作状语：The evening passed quickly. 晚上很快过去了。We must think about this serious

6、ly. 我们应认真考虑此事。用作表语The war is over. 战争完毕了He isnt up yet. 他还没起床。用作宾语They dont like strangers round here. 他们不喜欢这周围有陌生人。Theres a fine view from here. 从这里可以看到一片美丽的风光。I havent been able to do that up till now. 到如今为止我还没能这样做。By then he was more than fifty years of age. 那时他已五十多岁。副词用作宾语的用法非常有限，通常只用作介词宾语，并且只限于

7、某些表示时间和地点的副词，而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点。用作宾语补足语I need this tooth out. 我需要拔掉这颗牙。Everybody was glad to see him back. 看到他回来大家都很快乐。一般说来，能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语。 He went to see her but found that she was out. =He went to see her but found her out. 他去看她，但发现她不在家。用作定语Read the paragraph below. 阅读下面的短文。We had to get off and t

8、ake the bus behind. 我们得下车转搭后面的车。副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后，如the above passage / the passage above都可表示“上面的段落，但前者的above 前置，为形容词；后者的above后置，为副词。副词的位置1. 副词修饰形容词、副词时，应放在被修饰成分之前，但enough必须位于被修饰的词之后。This book is quite interesting. The boy is old enough to go to school. 2. 频度副词always，often, usually, never, seldom, ha

9、rdly, sometimes等要放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。Children often go to the park with their parents on Sundays. 3. 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。I remember seeing you somewhere.4. 同时出现几个副词的排列顺序：方式副词地点副词时间副词。Mr. Brown drove his car quickly outside then.5. 修饰全句的副词多置于句首。这类副词有：significantly明显地，显著地，unluckily幸运地，merely仅仅, 只

10、不过，certainly无疑地; 确定地；肯定地simply简单地; 仅仅; 只不过，fundamentally根底地；根本地；重要地，increasingly 日益，越来越多地；不断增加地；strangely 奇妙地；不可思议地；怪异地，apparently显然地；外表上，似乎，unfortunately等等。Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA men. 幸运的是，他没有被淹死，被解放军救了。兼有两种形式的副词有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式一样，另一种是在形容词后加-ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所

11、不同：不带-ly的副词往往表示的是详细概念也就是词的本义；加-ly的往往表示抽象概念也就是词的引申义。close与closelyclose意思是“近；closely 意思是“仔细地He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.deep与deeplydeep意思是“深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地。He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于

12、much。The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地，在许多地方。He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.free与freelyfree的意思是“免费；freely 的意思是“无限制地。You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.形容词和

13、副词比较句型当A > B 时，用“比较级 + than + 比较对象表示。 My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。She got there earlier than I did. 她比我到得早。注意：一般来说，比较对象为人称代词时，用主格或宾格均可。但是，当句子中谓语动词为及物动词时，人称代词用主格或宾格意义不同。 I like you better than he likes you. 我比他更喜欢你。I like you better than he likes him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。注意：当A > B，但B包含A时，那么须用

14、other来将A排除出去。China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比其他任何亚洲国家都要大。He is older than any of the other boys in his class. 他比他班上任何同学年纪都大。Your department spent more last year than all the other departments. 你们部门去年的花销比其他所有部门多。当A = B 时，用“as + 原级 + as + 比较对象表示。He gets up as early as his parents. 他

15、起床与他父母起得一样早。当A < B 时，用“not so /as + 原级 + as +比较对象表示。He doesnt study as/so hard as Mary. 他学习不如玛丽努力。当A = 数字×B 时，用以下构造来表示：数字 + times + as + 原级 + as +比较对象 Their house is about three times as big as ours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。数字 + times + the size / length / depth / height / width + of +比较对象Your offic

16、e is three times the size of ours. 你的办公室是我们办公室的三倍大。数字 + times + 比较级 + than + 比较对象He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑得快三倍。注：假设指两倍，以上各句型中的“数字+times那么应换成twice。This room is twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 这个房间的长度是那个房间的两倍, 但窄得多。在三者或三者以上的人或物中，用最高级表示，构造为“the + 最高级 + 比较范围。She is th

17、e best player in the team. 她是队里最优秀的运发动。He works the hardest of all the students. 他是所有学生中最用功的。表示“越来越时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级。Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语越来越好了。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越来越困难了。表示“越就越时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级。The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年纪越轻