定语从句 (2)

1、句子种类句子种类一、简单句一、简单句 1. 主主 + 系系 + 表表 2. 主主 + 谓谓(vi) 3. 主主 + 谓谓(vt) + 宾宾 4. 主主 + 谓谓(vt) + 宾宾 + 双宾双宾 5. 主主 + 谓谓(vt) + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补二、并列句二、并列句 = 简单句简单句 + 并列连词并列连词 + 简单句简单句and, but, for, so, while, or, not onlybut also, otherwise, therefore三、复合句三、复合句 = 主句主句 + 从句从句 （主从复合句）（主从复合句） 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语

2、从句同位语从句 状语从句（八种）状语从句（八种）从句从句名词性从句名词性从句从句从句= 引导词引导词+ 陈述句陈述句1.多么多么美好的美好的一天啊！一天啊！2.她是个她是个漂亮的漂亮的女孩！女孩！3.我有一个我有一个喜欢听流行音乐的喜欢听流行音乐的朋友。朋友。What a lovely day!She is a beautiful girl!I have a friend who likes listening to pop music.I have a friend who likes listening to pop music.定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词定义：在复合句中，修饰某

3、一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。的从句叫做定语从句。She is the girl who can speak English very well.主从复合句：主从复合句：主句主句+从句从句She is the girl who can speak English very well.先行词先行词引导词引导词/关系词关系词定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来修定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来修饰前面的名词或代词。饰前面的名词或代词。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 先行词先行词+ 关系词关系词+

4、 从句从句被修饰词被修饰词1.代替代替先行词先行词2.连接连接主从句主从句3.作从句作从句成分成分关系代词：关系代词： that，who, whom whose, which 关系副词：关系副词：when, where，why关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词关系代词 指代的先指代的先行词行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语whose人或物人或物定语定语 which的用法：当先行词是物时使用。的用法：当先行词是物时使用。本身在从句中从当主语，宾语，状语；

5、本身在从句中从当主语，宾语，状语；作宾语时可省略。很多时候可用作宾语时可省略。很多时候可用that。 china is a country which/that has a long history. She is a cat which(that)I like best. who的用法：先行词指代人时，在从句中的用法：先行词指代人时，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语。作宾语时可省略充当主语，宾语，表语。作宾语时可省略 ；很多时候可用；很多时候可用that。 I know about the man who/that spoke to you just now. The man(who/that)

6、we invited to the party is mr wang. whom的用法：指代人，在定于从句中充的用法：指代人，在定于从句中充当宾语，常省略；在口语中可用当宾语，常省略；在口语中可用who代替代替whom也可用也可用that。 The man whom(that/who)you saw just now is my brother.(宾语）宾语）Whose 的使用的使用 whose+名词 = the+名词名词+ of which/whomof which/whom+the+名词名词1.所属关系所属关系2.指人或物指人或物3.作定语作定语This is the book _ is

7、broken _ is broken _ is broken. 1.There are in this class 20 students, _ are different. A.whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose2.Last year , this area was struck by a strong typhoon, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. that B.

8、whose C. those D. whatthe people are still suffering from typhoons effects.3. (06福建卷福建卷)Look out! Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair.A.whose B. which C. of which D. that答案：答案：A that的用法：指代人或物，在从句中充当的用法：指代人或物，在从句中充当主语或宾语成分；作宾语时可省略。主语或宾语成分；作宾语时可省略。小结：小结：1.先行词是人时，关系代词用先行词是人时，关系代词用who,

9、whom,that,whose；先行词指代物时用先行词指代物时用which,that,whose.2. 关系代词作定语从句中动词或介词的关系代词作定语从句中动词或介词的宾语时，可以宾语时，可以省略省略； 问题：问题：1:who和和that有不可互换的时候吗？有不可互换的时候吗？2：which和和that有不可互换的时候吗有不可互换的时候吗?指物时，指物时，关系代词关系代词that 和和 which 一般一般可以互换，但应注意以下情况：可以互换，但应注意以下情况：关系代词的特殊用法：关系代词的特殊用法： 1.当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词all。much.little.something.

10、everything.anything.nothing.none.the one时时 2.当先行词是当先行词是形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词修饰序数词修饰时时 3.当先行词前面有当先行词前面有the only. the very. the last. any.few. little.no.all. 等词修饰时等词修饰时 4. 先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时 The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned. 5.在疑问词在疑问词who、which开头的句子中开头的句子中 6.当关系代词在定语从句中作当关系代词在

11、定语从句中作表语，常表语，常用用that。 He is not the man that he was. 7.在在There be 句型中句型中 There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.在下列情况下一般用在下列情况下一般用that:1.This is the best TV _ is made in China.2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.thatthat先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。3、Do

12、you have anything _you want to say for yourself?4、This is the very book _Im looking for.5、What is the first American film _you have seen?6、I know the things and persons_he referred to.7、Which is the bike_you lost?thatthatthatthatthat只用只用Which的情况：的情况：The hospital, which was built twenty years ago, ha

13、s been destroyed.1.在在非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句中，只能用中，只能用which.句子句子结构结构只用只用Which的情况：的情况：The hotel at which we stayed last night was clean.相当于一个关系副词，相当于一个关系副词，在句中作状语。在句中作状语。2.指物时，在指物时，在介介词词之后只能用之后只能用which.The hotel at which we stayed last night was clean.相当于一个关系副词，相当于一个关系副词，在句中作状语。在句中作状语。只用只用Which的情况：的情况：Dont

14、do that which nobody likes.3.当先行词是当先行词是that时，只能用时，只能用which. 定语从句的单复数问题定语从句的单复数问题 关系代词做从句主语时关系代词做从句主语时1.从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词2.先行词是句子时，从句谓语动词用第三人先行词是句子时，从句谓语动词用第三人称单数称单数I, who _ (be) your classmates, will share the work with you.The exams were put off, which _(be)exactly what we wanted.注意：

15、注意：He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise He is the only one in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise hashaveII.关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：1. when 时间时间 2. where 地点地点3. why 原因原因状语状语Elias first met Mandela in 1952 when he was 12 years old. 先行词先行词关系副词关系副词定语从句定语从句时间状语时

16、间状语The school where Elias studied for two years was 3 kilometers away.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词定语从句定语从句地点状语地点状语The reason why Elias was happy tohelp Nelson Mandela was that he knewit was to realize his dream of making black and white people equal. 先行词先行词关系副词关系副词定语从句定语从句原因状语原因状语问题：问题：当先行词是时间名词，地点名当先行词是时间名词，地点名词

17、，原因名词时，关系词一定选用词，原因名词时，关系词一定选用when,where,why吗？吗？ 分析定语从句成分分析定语从句成分缺主语、宾语缺主语、宾语 用用which that缺状语缺状语 用用 where=介词介词+whichThis is the museum _ I visited a few days ago.A. where B. that C. on which D. the oneThis is the museum _ the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on whichD. the one 分析定语从句成分缺主语、宾语缺主

18、语、宾语 用which that缺状语缺状语 用 when=介词+whichI still remember the days _ we spent together.A. when B. what C. that D. in whichI still remember the days _ we worked together.A. when B. what C. that D. for which 分析定语从句成分缺主语、宾语缺主语、宾语 用which that缺状语 用 why= for whichIs this the reason _ he explained at the meet

19、ing for his carelessness in his work？A. that B. what C. how D. whyIs this the reason _ he was late for school？A. that B. which C. how D. why问题：问题：当先行词是时间名词，地点名当先行词是时间名词，地点名词，原因名词时，关系词一定选用词，原因名词时，关系词一定选用when,where,why吗？吗？ 当先行词是时间名词，地点名词，原因当先行词是时间名词，地点名词，原因名词时：既可用名词时：既可用when,where,why.也可也可用用which/that

20、.关键是判断关键是判断代替先行词的代替先行词的关系词在定于从句中所充当的成分关系词在定于从句中所充当的成分。如。如引导词在从句中引导词在从句中充当状语充当状语，则用，则用关系副关系副词词;如如充当主语或宾语充当主语或宾语则用则用关系代词。关系代词。一些表示抽象空间概念的名词如一些表示抽象空间概念的名词如case,situation,position, stage, point等也是用关系副词等也是用关系副词where。eg: we are just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.

21、关系词的选择关系词的选择关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词步骤：步骤：1. 找出先行词找出先行词 2. 划出定语从句划出定语从句 介词+关系代词定语从句中，在介词后面，指事物用定语从句中，在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用，指人用whom，指谁的用，指谁的用whose, 不可省略。不可省略。 填入适当的介词填入适当的介词1.He is the man _ whom I think you can depend.I think you can depend ( ) the man.2.He referred me to some reference books _ which I am no

22、t very familiar.I am not very familiar ( ) some reference books.3.He made a hole in the wall, _ which he could see what was going on outside the house. he could see what was going on outside the house ( ) a hole.4、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.Awhich Bwith Cwith itDwith which5、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.Aof whom Bby