状语从句讲义

1、状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：1.Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4. Seen from a distance , the farm

2、house looked deserted . (过去分词)5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:1 时间状语从句常

3、用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：immediately , directly ,instantlythe minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, , no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While J

4、ohn was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.(1)表示“一就的”句型As soon as ,immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minut

5、e等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一就”As soon as he arrives, Ill tell him./Well leave the moment you are ready.On doing sth. on ones +名词作时间状语。如：On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.(2)When用法：既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂

6、性动作。常见搭配：be about towhen/ be doingwhen/ be on the point of doingwhen(3)while用法: while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，强调某一段时间内，主句和从句动作同时发生，当于during the time that除了可用作从属连词外，还可以用作并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”I like watching TV while he likes reading.引导让步状语从句，相当于although,但一般位于主句之前。While I understand your point of view, I dont share it

7、.(4)As用法：引导的时间状语从句时，说明正在发展和变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表示时间的推移。如：As I got older, I get more optimistic.as 常译为一边一边He hurried home, looking behind as he went.(5)Before用法：（1）引导时间状语从句时，往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生。对于before的翻译方法，一般译为“在之前”还有其他译法。“才”，强调主句所表达的时间，距离很长或花费的力气很大。We waited a long time before he came out.“就”，强调主句所表达的时间

8、，距离或花费的力气较小。We hadnt waited a long time before he came our.“还没有”“免得” “不知不觉”“宁可，宁愿”“否则，要不然”I must write it down before I forget.(我的写下来，免得忘记)It+ will (not)be+ some time +before从句It will be five years before he returns to his homeland.（再过五年他才能回国）It wont be long before we meet again.（过不了多久我们就能再见了）(6)til

9、l/untiltill/untill都表示“直到”，常可互换，但till不用于句首,也不可用于强调句。till/untill从句或短语用于肯定句时，主句的谓语必须是延续性动词，表示主句的动作一直持续到所表示的时间为止。He remained there till she arrived.till/untill从句或短语与否定的主句连用时，主句的谓语必须是非延续性动词，表示“直到才，在之前不”,即主句的动作到till/untill所表示的时间时才开始。如：He wont leave until he came back./I didnt leave until he came back.(7)S

10、ince用法：引导时间状语从句，意为“从.时候”“自.以来”。主句要用完成时态，但时间的计算方式根据动词表示非延续性还是延续性而略有不同。 后如果是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作发生时算起。如：Mr.Li has been here since he came back.(自从李先生回来以后，他一直在这儿) 后如果是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。如：He has written to me frequently since he was ill.(自从他病好以后，经常给我来信)It+be+some time+since短语或从句It is two year

11、s since I smoke(我戒烟已有两年了)It has been two years since I began to smoke.(我吸烟已有两年了)It was years since I had known her.(注意时态)2 地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever, Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3 原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as, now that特殊引导词：seeing that, conside

12、ring that, given that, in that,My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.

13、80 m is quite remarkable.4 目的状语从句常用引导词：(so)( that), in order that特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that(以便，为了起见)目的状语从句中通常使用情态动词can, could, may, might, should, would等。The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign th

14、em.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.He studied hard to the end that he might pass the entrance examination.I dare not go there for fear that he might see me.(for fear that=lest以免，生怕)目的状语从句可以用so as to(不可位于句首)/ in order to等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一

15、致。5 结果状语从句常用引导词：so that(其引导的从句常用逗号和主句分开), so that, such that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.She worked so hard, so that she became rich in a very short time.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.注意:suchthat/sothat的区别：so that/soassuchthat/suchasThis is so heavy a stone/such

16、 a heavy stone that no one can lift it.(结果状语从句)This is so heavy a stone/ such a heavy stone as no one can lift. (定语从句，as为关系代词，作lift的宾语)6 条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless, as/so long as,once, only if, providing/provided that, suppose /supposing that, in case , on condition that Well start our project if the pr

17、esident agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Once you need my help, please tell me.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.注意：unless 与ifnot常常可以互换，但unless引导的从句不可以再用否定式。I will go there tomorrow unless it rains/if it doesnt rain.7 让步状语从句常用引导词：thou

18、gh, although, even if, even though特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverYoung as he is, he knows a lot.(提前作表语的形容词)Child as he is , he knows a lot.(提前作表语的名词，并且要将冠词去掉)Much as I respect him, I ca

19、nt agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem.(提前谓语动词)The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may say.8 比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特

20、殊引导词：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。9 方式状语从句常用引导词：as, as

21、 if, how特殊引导词：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.10. 状语从句的简化状语从句的省略 状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词可同时省略。例如：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be

22、open to the public next year . Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：Im taller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行简化。状语从句的简化现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。 状语从句的简化现象常存在于

23、以下五种状语从句中:由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你

24、摆脱困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:a.连词+形容词As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or

25、 youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。b.连词+名词While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。c.连词+现在分词As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。Although (he is) doin

26、g his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。d.连词+过去分词He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功e.连词+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说

27、什么。He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。f. 连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:When the meeting wa

28、s over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over,） 高考真题：1【2011全国卷II 19】It was a nice meal, _a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since2【2011北京卷 29】_ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. A. SinceB. OnceC. UnlessD. While3【2011

29、上海卷 36】If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD. A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until4【2011上海卷 37】The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if5.【2011江西卷 29】Plea

30、se call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you. A. wheneverB. howeverC. whicheverD. wherever6【2011浙江卷 4】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _my daughter heard cries for help. A. afterB. whileC. sinceD. when7【2011福建卷 33】It was April 29, 2001

31、 _ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A.that B.when C.since D.before8【2011四川卷 4】Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in waking him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so9【2011四川卷 6】As it reported, it is 100 years _Qinghua

32、 University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since10【2011辽宁卷 25】No matter how _ , it is not necessarily lifeless. A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be11【2011辽宁卷 29】He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering. A

33、. since B. as C. when D. than12【2011陕西卷 17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _the present one. A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as13【2011天津卷 5】_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless14【2011陕西卷 19】_all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As15【2011山东卷 28】He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good pictu