词汇语境教学

1、English Vocabulary Learning through Context in Primary School英语教学中的困难大班教学缺少全英语言环境非母语教师队伍?很多教师重视了学生的兴趣、课堂的氛围，却忽视了最基本的词汇教学，从现状看，词汇教学中普遍存在着词汇输入少，学习过程枯燥，客观上也影响了提高学生词汇量的增加。衡量学生英语水平的指标有不少，而“词汇量”居于重要位置。丰富的词汇、精准的语音、良好的语貌，成为英语学习初步成功的最好证明。国家课程标准专辑：英语课程标准规定：基础教育阶段语言知识二级目标是学习有关本级话题范围的 600700 个单词和50 个左右的习惯用语。从语言

2、习得和语言教学的角度来说，词汇是学习第二语言的基础，过少的词汇量会影响第二语言的听说读写等各方面的能力，并且学习者自己认为词汇错误是所有错误中最严重的，大量的错误语料也表明词汇错误在二语学习者中最为普遍。与语法错误相比，词汇错误的后果更严重。研究的意义英语教材是英语知识的载体，是学生进行英语学习的主要来源，但通过教师有针对性地调整和梳理，特别是符合学生心理特点和生活需要的词汇语料进入课堂可大大提高学生学习英语、掌握词汇的兴趣和动机。词汇习得理论发展60 年代以前，语法翻译法60 年代后，听说领先法-主要以对话（dialogue）为语言材料，内含语法线索和句型结构交际教学法（Communicat

3、ive Approach）随着二语习得研究的深入，很多学者的研究重点逐渐转向词汇习得的研究语言的习得很大程度上可以归结为词汇的习得-The Minimalist Program by Chomsky语境可分为语言学语境与非语言学语境（陈珍珍, 2009）。语言学语境指的是词汇与语法语境；非语言学语境指的是词汇所处的上下文、文化和文体。教学语境与自然语境。教学语境则指专为教授目标字词设计的句段。语境？语境可理解为语言环境，包括上下文，一定的文化、社会和政治背景，发生言语行为的现实情况等。语境学习要求学习者运用各种语境线索对目标词进行猜测、推理，实际上，语境在提供目标词时，还提供了附加的语言学、语

4、义学、社会学方面的知识，这些知识可帮助学习者理解目标词。同时，语境还提供了使用目标词的短语、例句、适当场合及其搭配等，这些信息是词表式的词汇学习无法获取的。小学生语境式英语词汇学习原则语境联系原则语境生成原则语境趣味原则语境迁移原则虚拟现实原则文化过渡原则不适合的例子Whats your father?Whats your mother?Whats your grandfather?听力语境学习词汇语篇阅读语境学习词汇儿歌语境学习词汇多媒体语境学习词汇图片语境学习词汇广告语境学习词汇听力语境学习词汇问题的有效性Do you understand?Ive been working here fo

5、r 3 years.When did I start my work?Am I working here now?语篇阅读语境学习词汇语篇阅读语境学习词汇教学案例段落 1. Grandma: Wheres my bird? It was in the cage.Peter: Look! The door is open.段落 2. Narrator: It was in the cage. Now it is in the tree. It was in the tree. Now it is under the bench. It was in the bench. Now it is on

6、 the bench. It was on the bench.段落 3. Grandma: Wheres my bird?Peter: It was in the tree. Now it is in the cage.主要环节I. Warming-upQuestion1: What can you do in the park?Question2: If youre a bird, what can you do in the park?说明：用有关 park 和 bird 的问题，激发学生思考，唤起想象。联系已知，构建情境。II. Read a short story. Spring i

7、s coming. Grandma and Peter go to the park for a walk with their pet TWEET. They both love their pet. Thats a nice bird. It likes to eat corn. It can sing like a great singer. This bird also can say “hello” to Peter every morning. However, the lovely bird is a little naughty. It likes to open the ca

8、ge and fly to other places.Questions:Where are Grandma and Peter now?Is TWEET naughty?What does it like to do?III. Listen and fill.Its in the cage.It was in the cage. Now it is in the tree.It was in the tree. Now it is _.It _. Now it is _.It was on the bench. Now it is _.Act the short play1. Arrange

9、 the task and characters2. Ask kids to get ready for a play show3. Act it outV. Act the short play1. Arrange the task and characters2. Ask kids to get ready for a play show3. Act it out说明：在任务准备中，熟练语言。请学生分角色表演，教师参与和组织。VI. More questionsDo you want to be a bird in the cage? Why?Do you like to stay at

10、school all day and all night? Why?说明：学生情感引导，联系自身谈感受。VII. Try to make. The bird was in the tree. Now its in the cage. I was in the park. Now m_. He was in the playground. Now he is_. My dog was on the chair. Now it is _. Linda was behind the tree. Now she is _. _ was _. Now_.说明：通过半开放式和开放式句型的使用，强化认识一般

11、过去式与一般现在时的区别及其适当表达。空格处需要学生把听到的单词根据情景内容需要填入。VII. Read and fill.The English class begins. All the students are in the classroom now. But several minutes ago, Mary was in the reading-room. John _ in the library. Bon _ in the garden. Jack _ in the restroom. Lily _ in the teachers office. Lisa and Carol

12、were inthe music room. Look! Miss Liu is coming. Ash! Be quiet!说明：教师编写情境短文，让学生进一步感受一般过去式的表达，并强化 is 向 was 的变化。were 一词的出现，使学生注意到 was 使用的局限。为下节课 were 的教学提供铺垫。VIII. Assignment Retell the story Write your own story: Wheres _?说明：用转述的方法复习故事；与课堂内容相关的半开放式作文，有助于让学生在支架上攀爬，同时又有自由发挥的余地。Your taskHow to teach the

13、words “open”, ”bench”?（二）语篇语境学习词汇The bread was stale,It was four days old.The milk was sour.The coffee was cold.The butter was rancid.The steak was tough.The service was dreadful.The waiter was rough.My bill was huge.His tip was small.Im sorry I went to that place at all.Can you do more for your stu

14、dents?(三)儿歌语境学习词汇An Apple a DayThe color train song（三）多媒体语境学习词汇（四）图片（四）图片找不同（位置词汇等）描绘图片（story picture）迷宫（串句子）（五）广告语境学习词汇Good teeth, good health.牙齿好，身体就好。(高露洁牙膏)The taste is great.味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡）Impossible made possible使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机）Mosquito Bye Bye Bye. (RADAR)蚊子杀杀杀。(雷达牌驱虫剂)Focus on life.瞄准生活。(奥林巴斯相机

15、) Where there is a way, there is a Toyota。有路就有丰田车.(丰田汽车) No business too small, no problem too big.没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。（IBM 公司）Take TOSHIBA, take the world.拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子） Lets make thing better.让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子） Just do it.只管去做。（耐克运动鞋）Ask for more.渴望无限。（百事流行鞋） Feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星电子）语音语调3.1Train to oxford-intonation