2019年高考英语模拟试卷(一)及答案解析

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2019年高考英语模拟试卷(一)第卷第一部分听力(略)(共两节,满分30分)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2016课标全国)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important

2、woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Add

3、ams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans an

4、d on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. S

5、upreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off th

6、e Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,”said Parks.21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.22

7、.What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.23.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams. B.Ra

8、chel Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor.D.Rosa Parks.24.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated. B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers. D.They are peace-lovers.B(2016课标全国,C)I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips

9、of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I a

10、m always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I

11、m really sorry, Ive got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything.

12、She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job,youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.25.Which of

13、 the following can replace the underlined word“courier”in Paragraph 1?A.providerB.delivery manC.collectorD.medical doctor26.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much tim

14、e.D.The ice wont last any longer.27.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.C(2018课标全国,D)Weve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or,

15、worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem?Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find you

16、rself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small tal

17、k is the grease(润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect

18、 with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that

19、those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being

20、also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says.28.What phenomenon is described in the first

21、 paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.29.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D

22、.Making business deals.30.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises peoples confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.31.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small Ta

23、lkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable SilenceD(2017课标全国,D)A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, its an excellent water collector. Un

24、fortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5'×5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catc

25、h the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the

26、 deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheets center down with a ro

27、ck. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates(蒸发) and collects on the sheet unt

28、il small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every time you need a drink.32.What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph

29、?A.Its delicate.B.Its expensive.C.Its complex.D.Its portable.33.What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.The still.C.The hole.D.The cup.34.What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.

30、C.Weight the sheets center down.D.Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.35.When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from. A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)(2018课标全国)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you are alr

31、eady making the time to exercise, it is good indeed!With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.36Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle

32、 whatever is ahead of you for the day.37 Your metabolism(新陈代谢)gets a head start.38If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 39Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than th

33、ose who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 40If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin

34、their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.A.You will stick to your d

35、iet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise

36、regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!9.40. 第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)(2016课标全国)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。A Heroic DriverLarry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was41along 165 north after delivering to one of h

37、is42. Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.43he got closer, he found44vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed45shooting out from under the46vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and47the fire extinguisher(灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire

38、was put out. The man who had his bright lights on48and told Larry he had49an emergency call. They50heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked(毁坏的)vehicle.51the vehicle,they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay52until the emergency personnel arrive

39、d,53she thought the car was going to54. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move55she injured her neck. Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man56and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the57if he was needed or58to go. They let him an

40、d the other man go. One thing is59Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His60most likely saved the womans life. 41.A.walkingB.touringC.travelingD.rushing42.A.passengersB.colleaguesC.employersD.customers43.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.AsD.If44.A.each

41、B.anotherC.thatD.his45.A.flamesB.smokeC.waterD.steam46.A.usedB.disabledC.removedD.abandoned47.A.got hold ofB.preparedC.took charge ofD.controlled48.A.came downB.came throughC.came inD.came over49.A.returnedB.receivedC.madeD.confirmed50.A.thenB.againC.finallyD.even51.A.StartingB.ParkingC.PassingD.App

42、roaching52.A.quietB.stillC.awayD.calm53.A.forB.soC.andD.but54.A.explodeB.slip awayC.fall apartD.crash55.A.as ifB.unlessC.in caseD.after56.A.stepped forwardB.backed offC.moved onD.set out57.A.womanB.policeC.manD.driver58.A.forbiddenB.readyC.askedD.free59.A.for certainB.for consideration C.reportedD.c

43、hecked60.A.patienceB.skillsC.effortsD.promise第卷第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)(2017课标全国)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61(crowd) o

44、n the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam eng

45、ines 65(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day. Later, engineers 68(manage) to constru

46、ct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 70(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tun

47、nels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 4.65. 9.70. 第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)(2018课标全国)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修

48、改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; other

49、s were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said,“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”Immediat

50、e, I raised my hand.第二节书面表达(满分25分)(2016课标全国)假定你是李华,你校摄影俱乐部(photography club)将举办国际中学生摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信,请他提供作品。信的内容包括:1.主题:环境保护;2.展览时间;3.投稿邮箱:intlphotoshow。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。              答案全解全析第卷第二部分阅读理解第一节A语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在各个领域做出杰出贡献的

51、伟大女性。21.A事实细节题。根据文章第二段第一句和第二句可知Jane Addams帮助穷人,为和平而努力,做出了很大的贡献,因此判断选A项。B项“她的教学技能”。C项“她得奖的努力”。D项“她的社区背景”。这三项文中均未提及。22.C事实细节题。根据文章第四段第一句可知:Sandra Day OConnor 1952年在斯坦福法学院毕业之后,因为是一位女士而不能在律师事务所找到工作,由此可判断当时社会对妇女的歧视,故选C项。A项,根据文中信息“她从法学院毕业”可知她不缺乏法律的培训。B项,她法庭经验的缺乏不是找不到工作的理由,原因是她是妇女。D项,贫穷的经济状况,文中未提及。discrimi

52、nation n.歧视。23.D事实细节题。根据文章第五段第四句中的kicked off the civil-rights movement可判断Rosa Parks为民权运动做出了贡献,故选D项。其他三项均和民权运动无关。24.C推理判断题。根据全文中四名女士在不同领域做出的贡献可知,她们是自己领域中的先锋人物,故选C项。A项,文中只提及一人受到了高等教育。B项,显然几人均和创造性无关。D项,只有一人的贡献与和平有关。B语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作为干细胞运送志愿者的Peter Hodes在美国遇到飓风,航班被取消,后来得到帮助的经历。25.B猜测词义题。根据文章第一段可知从在

53、捐献者身上取到干细胞到移植到病人身上最多有72小时的时间,由此可判断作者是干细胞的运送者,故选B项。A、C、D三项和作者的递送工作无任何关系,因此可排除。26.D事实细节题。根据文章第一段第三句可知作者有两个冰袋,而它们能持续的时间为42小时,故选D项。A项意为“他不能离开工作太长时间”。B项意为“捐献者只能等那么长时间”。C项意为“手术需要很长时间”。27.B事实细节题。根据文章第二段倒数第一句.re-routed me through Newark.可知选B项。C语篇解读本文为说明文。介绍了“small talk(闲聊)”的重要性及其意义。28.C细节理解题。题干句意:第一段描述的是什么现

54、象?根据第一段描述(无论我们身在何处,在电梯里、在银行排队或者在飞机上,我们周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看智能手机,或是更坏,在和令人不安的沉默做斗争)可知,C项“陌生人之间缺乏交流”和首段描述一致,故答案为C项。A项“手机控”只是该段描述现象时举的例子;B项“公共场合的不恰当行为”与首段意思不符;D项“对缓慢的服务缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述无关。29.B细节理解题。题干句意:根据Carducci的说法,对于成功的闲聊来说什么是重要的?根据第三段最后一句(成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他们交流)可知,B项“能够理解并认同他人”符合题意,故答案为B项。本题干扰项为A“显示良好

55、的行为举止”,错因在于锁定的句子“最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)”和题干要求不一致,答非所问;D项“做生意”受第三段第三句(几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源于闲聊)的影响,犯了逻辑推理错误;C项“聚焦一个话题”在文中没有涉及。30.D推理判断题。题干句意:关于闲聊,咖啡店调研表明了什么?根据第四段中的内容(结果表明那些同服务生闲聊的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验。不是同服务生交谈比和你的丈夫交谈更好,而是同社交网络的边缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要)可知,D项“它使得人们感觉良好”与题意相符,故答案为D项。A项“它改善家庭关系”、B项“它提升人们的自信” 和C项“它和正式交谈一样重要”在文章中没有涉及,属于主观臆断。31.C主旨大意题。题干句意:文章最好的标题是什么?根据第二段最后一句(专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价值的社交行为)以及最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)可知,C项“闲聊的益处”与题干要求一致,故答案为C项。A项“会话很重要”为干扰项,错在偷换概念,conversation(会话, 交谈)和small talk(闲谈)不是一个概念;文章