人教版高中英语选修十 Unit 4 Learning efficiently词汇篇学生版

1、Unit 4 Learning efficiently-词汇篇_1. 掌握常考词汇的运用；2. 掌握句型的运用；一. 单词扫描1. efficient adj. 效率高的；有能力的He is an efficient teacher.他是个能干的教师。As we get older，our bodies become less efficient at burning up calories.随着一天天衰老，我们的身体消耗热量的功能逐渐减弱。【归纳拓展】efficiently adv. 效率高地efficiency n效率；效能；功效labor efficiency 劳动效率an effici

2、ent lawyer 一位能干的律师effect n. 效果；影响effective adj. 有效的He is efficient at his job.他能胜任工作。【比较】effective/efficient(1) effective侧重产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力，指人、物都适用。(2) efficient侧重指积极有效、效率高、效果好、节省精力；指人时，强调其能干。例如：an efficient secretary 工作效率高的秘书。increase efficiency of production and diminish cost of output. 提高生产

3、效率，降低产品成本。an effective medicine for hair loss. 一种治疗脱发的有效药。2. endeavor vi. 努力；力图；n. 努力，尽力CUThey endeavored to make her happy but in vain.他们尽量使她快乐，却徒劳无功。The manager is expected to use his or her best endeavors to promote the artist's career.经纪人应以最大的努力来推动一位艺人的事业发展。Please make every endeavor to stre

4、amline the plant organization.请努力使工厂组织简化从而更有效地运作。【归纳拓展】endeavor to do sth 努力做某事make every endeavor to do sth 尽力做某事make every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事try/do one's best to do sth 尽力做某事do all one can to do sthdo what one can to do sth 做某人能做的一切例如:Please make every endeavor to be early.请尽量早点儿。We alw

5、ays endeavor to give our customers excellent service.我们始终尽力为顾客提供最佳服务。Despite our best endeavors，we couldn't get the machine started.我们费了九牛二虎之力也没能把机器发动起来。3. competent adj.(1) 有能力的，能干的；能胜任的，称职的Mark proved to be a very competent manager.马克证明了自己是一个很能干的经理。He is not competent to look after young child

6、ren.他没有看小孩的本事。(2) 充分的，足够的；令人满意的，合格的She has a competent knowledge of English.她已掌握了足够的英语知识。Her drawing is competent，but her composition is poor.她的画有功力，但布局欠佳。The novel may be a best­seller but it's no more than a competent piece of writing.这部小说就算能畅销，也不过是平平之作。【归纳拓展】competence n. 能力 incompetent

7、adj. 没有能力的；不胜任的be competent as/at/in sth 能胜任某事be competent to do sth 能干某事a competent piece of work良好的作品competently adv. 能胜任地competence n胜任；能力；称职例如:Is Mary competent as a teacher?She has competence in dealing with the problems.Is he really competent to run the switchboard?4. beneath (1) adv.在下；向下As w

8、e flew over the mountains we could see that there were snowy peaks beneath.我们飞过群山时看到了底下被雪覆盖着的山巅。Her careful make­up hid the signs of age beneath.她的精心化妆掩饰了脂粉下面岁月刻下的痕迹。(2) prep.在之下；向下面；(地位等)低于；劣于；对不适合(或不值得)The sun is now beneath the horizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。He is beneath his brother intellectually.他在智

9、力方面不如他兄弟。He considered that job beneath him.他认为做那个工作有失他的身份。【比较】below/under/beneathbelow指“位置低于”；under指“正下方，墙角下，山脚下”；beneath在一般场合表示抽象含义。Far below the moon appeared a bright star.在月亮下面很远的地方有一颗明亮的星星。She put the letter under her pillow.她把那封信放在枕头下。It is beneath you to tell a lie.撒谎有失你的身份。5. digest (1) vt.

10、 消化(食物)The baby is too small to digest meat.婴儿太小，吃肉不消化。 领悟，融会贯通I have digested most of the important points in the book.我领悟了书中大部分要点。(2) vi.消化Protein digests slowly.蛋白质消化得慢。【归纳拓展】digest n摘要，概要a digest of the week's news 一周新闻摘要digestible adj. 可消化的；可吸收的digestion nU 消化；吸收；领悟；C (常用作单数)消化能力，消化力digesti

11、ve adj. 消化(食物)的the digestive process 消化过程例如:This rich food doesn't digest easily.It took me some time to digest what I had heard.6. assess vt. 估计，估算，评定She looks at the house and assesses its market value.她看了看房子并估算了其市场价值。The lawyers assessed the property at $35，000.律师们估计这笔财产价值35，000美元。【归纳拓展】asses

12、sment n评估，评价Continuous assessment is made of all students' work.对全体学生的功课做出连贯性的评定。例如:Meanwhile，I am arranging for Mr. Smith，one of our inspectors，to call and assess the damage.本人同时正安排我行检查员史密斯先生，拜访阁下并计算损失。The hurricane damage was assessed at three million dollars.飓风损害赔偿金的金额被确定为三百万美元。His assessment

13、 of the situation was correct.他对形势判断得很正确。7. acute adj. 尖锐的；敏锐的；剧烈的；急性的We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation.我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。She has acute hearing.她有很敏锐的听力。The patient is complaining of acute earache.病人说耳部剧痛。It's acute appendicitis. We ought to operate.这是急性阑尾炎，应当开刀。【归纳拓展】a

14、cute pain 剧痛acute appendicitis 急性阑尾炎acute angle 锐角acuteness n.acutely adv.例如:He is an acute observer of the social scene.他是个敏锐的社会现状观察者。Dogs have an acute sense of smell.狗的嗅觉灵敏。Competition for jobs is acute.求职竞争非常激烈。Her judgment is acute.她的判断敏锐。8. acquisition n获得；得到；获得的东西；增添的人/物His latest acquisition

15、 is a racehorse.他最近购得一匹赛马。They have made acquisitions in several EU countries.他们在几个欧盟国家购买了一些产业。【归纳拓展】acquisition作“获得；得到，取得”讲时，是不可数名词；作“获得物；增添的人/物”讲时，是可数名词。acquire vt.(靠自己的能力、努力或行为而)获得/得到(某物)an acquired taste 逐渐培养的爱好acquisitive 渴望得到的She acquired a knowledge of English by careful study.她认真学习而精通英语。It i

16、s not easy to acquire a knowledge of painting.学画画不是件容易的事。Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not inborn.抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好，并不是生来就有的。 【比较】acquire/get/gain这三个词都有“获得”的意思，但侧重点各不相同。(1) acquire多指经过一段时间的艰苦努力而获得，获得的内容多是抽象的东西，并且一旦获得就很难失去，如：知识等。(2) get是一般用语，口语用词，用途很广。(3) gain常指强有力的夺取

17、，也可指渐渐获得某物的过程。例如:I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside.After having been instructed to drive out of town，I began to acquire confidence.A penny saved is a penny gained.9. resemble vt. 相似，类似，像She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.她和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。Chin

18、a's south does not at all resemble the American south.中国的南方一点也不像美国的南部。The brothers resemble each other in taste.那对兄弟兴趣相似。【归纳拓展】resemble sb/sth in sth 在某方面与(他人或物)相似；在某方面像resemblance n相似；相像resemblance to sb/sth 与某人/某物相似resemblance between A and B A、B之间的相似之处look/be alike 相像；相似look like 看起来像be simil

19、ar to. 和类似【温馨提示】resemble 不能用于进行时态中，也无被动语态。resemble 是及物动词，本身已含有“与相似”的意思，故不必加多余的 with。例如:I can't find out the resemblance between these two types of plants.对这两种植物我看不出有什么相似的地方。She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。My sister and I don't look alike/

20、similar.我和我妹妹外貌不相像。His bike is similar to mine.他的自行车和我的类似。10. tiresome adj.(1) 使人疲劳的；令人厌倦的His speech is really tiresome.他的演讲实在令人厌倦。(2) 讨厌的，烦人的She can be a very tiresome child at times.她这孩子有时会很烦人的。【归纳拓展】tiresome 用于修饰人或事，作定语或表语。tire vt.& vi. 使疲劳，疲倦tired adj. 困倦的；疲倦的(指人的感觉)be/get/become tired of st

21、h/doing sth/sb 对某事/做某事/某人不耐烦或感到厌倦tired out 筋疲力尽 tiring adj. 令人疲倦的(多指工作、旅行等事物)some 是一种后缀形式，用于构成形容词。例如:troublesome 令人烦恼的；麻烦的quarrelsome 好争吵的handsome 英俊的Selling houses can be a tiresome business.卖房子有时候是很麻烦的事。The children were being rather tiresome.孩子们那时很讨人厌。He has a troublesome problem to deal with.他有棘

22、手的问题需要处理。11. vague adj.(1) (形状等)模糊不清的，朦胧的Everything looked vague in the heavy fog.在浓雾中，一切东西看上去都很模糊。(2) (想法等)不明确的；暧昧的；含糊的I'm quite vague about what happened.我对发生的事很不了解。You should not make vague promises.你不该作含糊不清的承诺。【归纳拓展】vague promises 含糊的承诺be vague about. 不清楚a vague memory 模糊记忆a vague feeling/su

23、spicion 隐约觉得/怀疑vaguely adv. 含糊地；稍微；大致地；茫然地；心不在焉地vagueness n 模糊；不详细；稍微例如:She is so vague that I can never understand what she is trying to say.她说话含含糊糊，我怎么也听不明白她想说些什么。She was rather vague about the details of the incident.她很不清楚事情的详细细节。The interview made him look vaguely ridiculous.他在面试中表现得滑稽可笑。12. com

24、ponent(1) n. (机器、设备等的)构成要素；零件；成分CA computer consists of thousands of components.电脑由成千上万个部件组成。Air force is an important component of national defense.空军是国防的重要组成部分。(2) adj. 组成的；构成的component parts 零组件【比较】component/compositioncomponent，composition 都表示“(组)成(部)分”。component 多用于机械装置的(组)成(部)分；composition 多用于

25、指物体内在的、固有的、不可分割的(组)成(部)分。例如:The agricultural scientists are interested in the chemical composition of the soil.Surprise is an essential component of my plan.Trust is a vital component in any relationship.二. 短语释义1. up to直到；相当于；忙于；胜任；该由决定；多达；从事于Where are you going？Are you up to something?你要到哪儿去？你是不是在做

26、什么坏事啊？I'm not up to this job.我不能胜任这项工作。It's up to you to decide when we shall start.何时动身由你决定。This kind of single­lung fish can live up to 12 hours when out of water.这种单肺鱼离开水面能生存多达12小时。2. in detail 详细地Would you please explain the theme in detail?您是否能详细地说明一下主题？We'll discuss the proble

27、m later in detail.我们以后再详尽地讨论这一问题。【归纳拓展】detailed adj. 详细的，详尽的a detailed plan of work 详细的工作计划go into details/detail 详细叙述detail sth to/for sb 向/为某人详述某事例如:I detailed our plans to her.Can you describe what happened in detail?3. apply to 适用于；向申请(或要求)We applied to them for help.我们向他们求援。The laws apply to ev

28、eryone irrespective of race，creed or color.法律适用于所有的人，不分种族、信仰或肤色。【归纳拓展】apply to sb/sth 向某人/某物申请；涉及；有关；适用于apply to sb for sth 向申请apply sth to sth 将应用于apply oneself 使适应；集中精力做某事applicant n申请人application n申请；申请表；申请书；应用例如:The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.安全驾驶之规则适用于每个人。If you apply to this unive

29、rsity，you'll have to pay a registration fee of at least$20.如果你申请这所学校你就得交至少20美元的注册费。You must apply yourself to the life abroad.你必须使自己适应国外生活。4. figure out 想出；理解；明白I can't figure out why you refuse to seize the chance.我不明白你为什么会拒绝抓住这次机会。The boy can't figure out the algebra problem.这个男孩做不出这道代

30、数题。I can't figure out why he is absent.我弄不明白他为什么缺席。【归纳拓展】figure sth in 把计算在内figure on sth 计划；打算例如:I hope that this year's sales figures will be excellent.我希望今年的销售额会很不错。Yao Ming is an outstanding figure of his basketball team.姚明是他所在的球队中的著名人物。Every lady hopes to keep her figure.每位女士都想保持优美的身材。5

31、. tend to(do sth) 易于，往往会(做某事)He's a good salesman，but his offhand manner does tend to put people off.他是个很好的推销员，可是他那随便的态度容易使人产生反感。Modern furniture design tends to simplicity.现代家具设计越来越简单。Does he tend to lose?他常常输吗？Weeds tend to displace other plants.杂草越来越多，有取代其他植物之势。【归纳拓展】tendency n倾向，趋势(后常接不定式作定语

32、)tend to/towards 朝某个方向；有某种倾向tend on/upon 服侍；招待tend sb/sth 照料某人/某物例如:The child has a tendency to get fat.The sort of music he listens to varies，but tends towards popular music.6. set up 建起，支起；组建；供给；恢复健康；建立，创立Roadblocks were set up by the police to catch the escaped prisoner.警察设置路障抓捕逃犯。We are well set

33、 up for the apples.这些苹果能供我们吃一段时间了。He set up as a house painter and soon made a success of it.他干起房屋油漆工并很快成名了。A new government was set up after the war.新政府于战后成立。【归纳拓展】set about(sth/doing sth) 开始做，着手做 set sth aside 把放到一边；省出；留出set down 让某人下车；写下；登记set off 出发；动身；启程set out (to do sth) 出发；动身；开始工作例如:They set

34、 out on the last stage of their journey.We need to set about finding a solution.She tries to set outside some money every month.A fund will be set up for the dead in Yushu earthquake.7. on the phone 有电话；在打电话；通过电话Do me a favor and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone，will you?劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的

35、声音调小点好吗？He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone.他的样子和他在电话中说话的声音反映的病情是一样的。You're wanted on the phone.有电话找你。【归纳拓展】answer the phone 接电话speak on the phone 在电话中说call/get sb on the phone 找某人接电话hang on/hold on 别挂电话hang up the phone 挂断电话例如:You can't see her now；she's on the phone.I rang his h

36、ouse but his mother answered the phone.8. relate to 讲述；理解；认同；有关，涉及；与相联系Relate to us your adventures.告诉我们你的冒险故事。I just can't relate to (ie. appreciate) punk music.我对朋克摇滚音乐简直一窍不通。Children need to learn to relate to other children.孩子们应该学会与其他孩子友好相处。【归纳拓展】related adj. 有联系的；有亲戚关系的closely related 紧密相关的

37、directly related 有直接关系的relation n关系，联系；亲戚，亲属；交往；事务注意：表示“关系，联系”时用单数形式；表示“交往；事务”时用复数形式。have relations with sb 与某人有交往have relation to sth 同某事有关例如:She related to them how it happened.她给他们讲那事发生的经过。We're only interested in the events that relate directly to the murder.我们只对与谋杀案直接相关的事情感兴趣。三. 句式突破1. For

38、example，suppose in biology you were studying how plants produce，then you could find an English text about this on the Internet.例如：假设在生物学中，你正在研究植物如何繁衍，那你会在因特网上找到有关这方面的英语文这里的suppose可以看成连词，意思是imagine what will/would happen if .。它所引导的从句表示“主观设想的情况”。因此，有时动词需要用虚拟语气，本句就是如此。有时也可用supposing代替suppose。例如:Supposi

39、ng/Suppose you fall and hurt yourself when you're out alone in the mountains?假设当你独自在群山中摔倒受伤了(怎么办)?Suppose they did not believe in，what would they do to him?他们要是不相信，会把他怎样呢？【归纳拓展】(1) suppose可表示建议，表示“怎么样”。Suppose we put it off till next week?我们把它推迟到下周如何？Supposing you have another try?你再试一次怎么样？(2) b

40、e supposed to必须，应该Everyone is supposed to know this rule.大家都该知道这条规则。He was supposed to have told us yesterday.他本该昨天告诉我们的。(3) providing/provided(that)clause假如2. It is the same with reading.阅读也是这样。句子中It is the same with 是“也如此”的意思，用于前面描述的是“两种或两种以上”的不同情况，这些情况对于后者来说也如此。例如:(1)Tom is very weak and lazy汤姆非常

41、虚弱也很懒。So it is with his wife.他妻子也是如此。(2)Tom is from America，but he can speak Chinese very well.汤姆是美国人，但他汉语讲得很好。It is the same with John.约翰也是如此。【归纳拓展】(1) So it is with sb/sthIt is the same with sb/sth 也同样如此。(2) 如果前面只提到了一种肯定的情况，要表示“也如此”，可以用“Sobe/情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has.)主语”这一句式。如果前面只提到了一种否定的情况，要

42、表示“也不如此”，则可以用“Neither/Norbe/情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has.)主语”这一句式。(3) 如果表示对前面的内容的进一步肯定，则要用“so主语be/助动词/情态动词”意为“的确是这样”。(4)“主语do/did/doesso”表示“某人这样做了”，本结构中的助动词不能改为be或情态动词。Mary never does any reading in the evening，nor does Jane.玛丽晚上从不看书，简也不看。If Dick can finish the work on time，so can I.如果狄克能按时完成工作，那我也

43、能。I heard Jack completed the experiment.我听说杰克完成了实验。So he did.他是完成了。例如:Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well，so it is with Ann.迈克是加拿大人并且汉语说得很流利，安也是如此。The doctor asked him to eat more vegetables，and he did so.医生让他多吃些蔬菜，他就这么做了。I don't know about that thing，nor do I care.我不知道那件事，我也不关心。

44、Mary can speak English，so can I.玛丽会说英语，我也会。3Some pre­reading activities ask you to recall your knowledge about subject，some teach you a few of new words you will find in the text，some ask you to glance at the way the text is organized.有些读前活动要求你回忆与主题有关的知识，有些教你几个将在课文中出现的生词，有些要求你浏览一下课文的组织结构。(1) 在这

45、个复合句中，way后含有一个由that或in which引导的定语从句，that或in which在从句中作状语，修饰名词the way，已被省略。(2) 当先行词是way，表示“方式、方法”，在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that，也可以省略。(3) 当the/a way后面的定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，关系词用that或which，作宾语时可省略。请注意观察、分析、比较下面两个句子。The way that/which/不填he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。The way that/in which

46、/不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.他向我们解释句子的那种方法并不难理解。注意：way后跟that/in which从句的情况在近几年的高考中一直没有进行直接考查，请同学们一定要格外注意。考查的方式 选择that/in which 选择way作先行词。用这种方法in this way/with this method/by this means4. I would rather hear a book on a cassette than read it.我宁愿听磁带朗读而不愿看书。此句中含有wo

47、uld rather.than.句型，意为“宁愿而不愿”。例如:I would rather stay at home than go out with you.我宁愿呆在家里也不愿意和你出门。I'd rather take the slowest train than go there by air.(I would take the slowest train rather than go there by air.)我宁愿坐最慢的火车也不愿乘飞机去那儿。【归纳拓展】(1) would rather 为情态动词，后接动词原形，than后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语或省略to的不定

48、式。常见句型如下：would ratherI would rather not tell him the truth.我宁愿不对他讲实话。I'd much rather deal with a man than with a woman.我很愿意跟男人打交道而不愿跟女人打交道。(2) would rather后有时候接从句，此时从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。(3) prefer to do. rather than do. 宁愿而不愿 rather than 而不是5. I find it hard to concentra

49、te when there are a lot of people talking near me.当附近有很多人在交谈时，我感到难以集中注意力。这是findit(形式宾语)adj.(宾语补足语)to do sth(真正宾语)句型。例如：I find it important to learn a foreign language well.我发现学好一门外语很重要。I consider it possible to have a talk with him.我认为与他交谈一下，是有可能的。【归纳拓展】(1) 适用于这种句型的动词除了find之外，还有believe，feel，think，co

50、nsider等。此句型完整的形式是：主语think/feel/consider/find.itn./adj.for/of sb to do.。其中for/of引出动词不定式的逻辑主语。例如：I think it important for him to learn to get along well with others.我认为学会与别人友好相处对他很重要。(2) it作形式宾语也可以代替从句。例如：I have made it clear that I object to the plan.我已经表明我反对这个计划。(3) 当宾语补足语是no use，no good，useless等时，真

51、正的宾语要用动名词。例如:I consider it no use talking with him；he won't listen to others.我认为和他交谈无用，他不会听别人的话的。(4) it 作形式宾语还可以用在像I like/hate it that/when.等句式中。例如I like it when there are friends around me.我喜欢有朋友和我在一起。6. Just as when reading English it is not necessary to understand every word，so when listening

52、 you do not need to understand every word either.正如当你读英语时你不需要明白每一个单词的意思一样，听的时候你也不必理解每个单词的意思。本句是一个复合句。just as引导方式状语，意为“就像一样”。例如:It is just as you said.事情正像你说的那样。He arrived just as I was leaving.我正要走时，他赶到了。【归纳拓展】just as good/nice/easily，etc 不少于；同样just after/before/under etc 刚好；差一点就不；勉强just about to do

53、 sth 正要做could/might just as well 不如；还是的好just about 几乎；大概例如:The clock struck 6 just as I arrived.我到达时，时钟正敲6点。I got here just after 9.我到达这里时刚过9点。It's raining. You might just as well stay home.天正下雨，你最好呆在家里。1. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _ and more _， have reduced the need for face­to­face communications. A. easily; efficient B. easier; efficient C. easy; efficiently D. easily; efficiently2. The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to _ its reality. A. make up B. figure out C. look through D. pu