人教版英语八年级下册Unit9讲义习题

1、Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?课文重难点讲解：现在完成时一.概念： 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，也可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。二 . 时间状语：1. just, already, yet, ever, recently, before, twice, three times, so far, up to now, till now2. since+（ 过去时间） 时间点 , since +一段时间+ ago, 与 since +从句（从句用一般过去

2、时）since yesterday,since last week, since last spring, since 1949, since half an hour ago, since I became a teacher3. for+ 一时间段for an hour, for two days, for three weeks ,for four months, for five years4. in the last few hours, in the last few days, in the last few years三谓语构成：have/has + 过去分词四 用法说明：1.

3、表示过去某个时间发生的动作对现在的影响或结果，常与 just, already, yet, recently, before,twice, three times 等时间状语连用，如： I have seen the film already. 我已经看过那部电影了。（现在我知道电影的内容了。）Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了吗? （你知道它在哪里? ）2.表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续延续下去，常与since+间点”，“for时间段”，及 how long, （ever） since, ever, before, so far, in the

4、last/ past few years, up to now, till now 等时间状语连用。如： She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。We ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。His father has worked in that factory since 1991. 他爸爸自1991 年以来都在这家工厂工作。I ve h

5、ad a cold since last Friday. 自上星期五起我就感冒了。Jim has waited there since half an hour ago. 吉姆自半个小时前就已经在那里等候了。I ve known her since I came to work here. 自从我来这里工作就认识他了。注意：非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow 等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for 或 since 等引导的时间段连用。但其在否定式是可与这类时间状语连用的。如： I haven t met him

6、 for two years. 我两年没有遇见他了。瞬间动词不可以用于有段时间的现在完成时态中，因此，若要解决这一问题，就应把它改为相应的延续 性动词或短语，主要有以下几种：第 9 页 用相应的延续性动词 ,如：buy f have borrow f keep become f beput on f wear catch a cold f have a cold get to know f know begin to teachf teahear from / receive a letterf have a letter 转换成 be+名词，如：join f be a member of g

7、o to school f be a student转换成be+形容词或副词，如：die f be dead leave f be away begin/ startf befiniish/ end/ overf be overfall asleep f be asleepopen f be open close f be closed get up f be upget ready f be ready get married f be married转换成be+介词短语，如：come to/go to/arrive in （at）/get to/reach be in/at join th

8、e army f be in the army（）e.g. I have borrowed the book. 我已经借了那本书。I have kept the book for two days. 我已经借那本书两天了。Jim has joined the band.吉姆已经加入那乐队了。Jim has been a member of the band for a month. 吉姆已经加入那个乐队一个月了。His grandfather has died.他祖父已经死了。His grandfather has been dead for 2 years. 他祖父已经死了两年了。My fa

9、ther has arrived in China.我父亲已经到达中国了。My father has been in China for a week.我父亲已经在中国一个星期了。在否定句中，非延续性动词也可以与时间段连用。e.g. I haven t borrowed books from the library since last year. 自去年以来我就没有在图书馆借过书。Jim hasn t come back for a year. 吉姆已有一年没回来了。three times，3 .表示从过去到现在曾经经历过的事情或反复发生的动作，常常和never， ever， once， t

10、wice，before 等连用。He has ever been to the Paris twice.他曾经去过巴黎两次。（反复发生）We have visited the park before. 我们以前曾去过那个公园。（过去的经历，但现在依然记得）4 .用于 This/That/I t is the first（second）tinme 期由。如： It is the second time that she has come to China. 这是她第二次来中国。This is the third time that I have written to my father. 这是我

11、第三次写信给我父亲。This is the fourth time that she has won the first prize. 这是她第四次赢得一等奖。第 2 页5 .用于This/That/It is +the+形容词最高级+名词+that 句型中。如：Thats the most interesting book I ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。Yao Ming is the tallest player that I have ever seen. 姚明是我见过的最高的运动员。Messi is the greatest player that we ha

12、ve seen. 梅西是我见过的最棒的运动员。This is the best film that he has made. 这是他制作的最好的电影。6 . have gone to 与 have been to1) have gone to 到 .去了，关键是人已离开出发地，至于到达目的地了没有则无从知道。Jack is away on holiday. He has gone to France. 杰克去度假，他到法国去了。2) have been to到去过，关键是到过某地，而且又已经离开了那个地方。Mr Chen is back home from holiday. He has be

13、en to Beijing. 陈先生度假回来了，他去了北京。7 . 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。例如： I will wait until he has written his letter. 我会一直等到他把信写完。If I have finished my homework, I will go with you. 如果我完成了我的作业，我就跟你去。8 . It is/has been + 一段时间+ since 从句It is/has been a month since Jim came back. 吉姆回来已经有一个月了。It has been two year

14、s since he joined the army. 他参军有两年了。It has been three weeks since she lost her job. 她失业三星期了。9 .段时间 + has passed + since从句Three years has passed since I saw him last time. 我上次见到他至今已有三年。Four Months has passed since he left home. 他离开家四个月了。Almost three years has passed since the earthquake took place. 地

15、震发生至今已有近三年。A month has passed since the game finished. 比赛结束一个月了。五、现在完成时的几种常见的句型转换现在完成时可以转化成一般过去时，还可以转化成“ Itis/has been +时间段+since从句(用一般过去时)”或 时间段+has passed+since从句”等句型。e.g. Jim has been back for a month. 吉姆已经回来一个月了。= Jim came back a month ago. 吉姆一个月前就回来了。= It is/has been a month since Jim came back

16、. 自吉姆回来已经有一个月了。= A month has passed since Jim came back. 自吉姆回来一个月已经过去了。I have kept the book for two days. 我借了这本书两天了。= I borrowed the book two days ago. 我两天前借了这本书。= It is / has been two days since I borrowed the book. 自我借这本书以来已有两天。= Two days has passed since I borrowed the book. 自我借这本书以来两天已经过去了。六、温馨提

17、示1. 现在完成时不能单独与明确的过去时间连用，如yesterday（morning, afternoon）, last（week, year） 等，除非与 for,since 连用 .2. 现在完成时往往与表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already （肯定）,yet （否定、疑问），just, before,recently 等，如：He has already obtained a scholarship. 他已经获得了奖学金。I havent seen him recently （lately）. 我最近没看到他。We have seen that film before. 我们以前

18、看过那部电影。Have they found the missing child yet? 他们找到那个丢失的孩子了吗？3. 现在完成时常常与表示次数的时间状语连用, 如 ever, never, twice, several times, a few times, sometimes,many times 等 :Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾去过北京吗？I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. 我从未听见班尼说她的坏话。I have used this pen only three times.

19、It is still good. 我只用过这只钢笔三次。它还很好用。George has met that gentleman several times. 乔治已见过那位绅士好几次了。4. 现 在 完 成 时 还 往 往 可 以 同 包 括 现 在 时 间 在 内 的 时 间 状 语 连 用 , 如 now, up to now, these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so far 等 :Peter has written six papers so far. 迄今为止彼得

20、已经写了六篇论文。There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. 今年旧金山的雨水太多。Up to now everything has been successful. 到现在为止一切都很成功。He s read many story books till now. 至今他已读过好多故事书。I ve been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。5. 现在完成时的完成用法 ： 现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因

21、果关系。例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。）现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的时间状语（如：already， yet，before， recently 等 ）、频度时间状语（如：never， ever， once 等 ）连用。例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？6. 现在完成时的未完成用法： 现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续第 4 页到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如： He has l

22、ived here since 1978. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。（动作开始于5 年前， 一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。）此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since 或 for 引导）， 或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up to now , so far）等。注意：现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于短暂性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come， g

23、o， arrive， leave， join ， become， die 等。7. 现在完成时不能与when 连用How long have you had his letter? 你收到他的信多久了？When did you receive his letter? 你什么时候收到他的信的？七、 一般过去时和现在完成时1. 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“主语 + have/ has + 动词的过去分词 ”。 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 一般过去时通常与表示过去的

24、时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now ， in 2019等； 而现在完成时则常与just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和since , for 等表示一段时间的状语连用。3. 现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。如： I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮）I washed the car a moment ago. 我刚才洗过车了。She has watered the flowers. 她

25、已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。I have written the letter but I havent posted it yet. 信我已经写好了，但还没有寄出。I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago. 我上周写的那封信，3 天前寄出的。4. 现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。 如： It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5 个小时了。

26、It rained for five hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨。He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已经两个小时了。He waited for her two hours and then went home. 他等她等了两个小时，然后就回家了。I have reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）I reviewed two lessons this morning. 今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）重点知识点讲解：1. - Hav

27、e you ever been to a science museum?你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？ have/ has been to + 地名 “曾经去过某地” ,现在已经回到原地。 have gone to 已经去某地了 “” ， 说话时该人不在现场。 have been in +地点待在某地，常与时间段搭配。I have been in Shanghai for three years.2. Me neither 我也没有。【解析】在英语中，表示“也 ”的知识归纳如下：主语 + neither 否定句中的“也 ” neither + 助动词 /be + 主语完整的否定句后加 either,

28、但要加逗号隔开。3. Let s go to one tomorrow. 咱们明天去一个看看吧！【解析】 Let s 中的 us 包括对方，反意疑问句用shall we Let s go and listen to the music, ? Let us 不包括对方, 反意疑问句用will youLet us wait for you in the reading room, ?Let sb. do sth让某人做某事（sb应用人称代词的宾格形式）4. Its really interesting, isn t it? 【反意疑问句】5. 【解析1】invent v发明finventor n发

29、明家finvention n发明invent发明 指事物从无到有（客观上没有） discover 发现 强调事物本身存在，只不过从“未知 ”到 “已知 ”（客观上以前存在）【解析2】lead fed f led vH导，引诱fleader n领导人【拓展】lead to sth导致 lead sb. to sw引导某人去某地lead sb. to do sth引导某人干某事6. take the/a +交通工具+to +地点 乘坐”放于句中）动词短语在句中做谓语take the subway 乘地铁take the train 乘火车take the bus 乘公共汽车take the tax

30、i 打的7. 【短语】：put away把收起来 put on穿上put up张贴，put out熄灭 putinto 把放进 put down 放下8. 【解析】information 信息；资料【辨析】information/message/ news information 指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息，为不可数名词；a piece of information 一条信息You can get much information on the Internet . message “消息、口信、电报 ” 指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息，为可数名词；第 6 页I ll leave a

31、 message for her. 我将为她留个口信。 . news “新闻，消息 ”，指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息，为不可数名词。a piece of news 一则新闻【谚语】No news is good news 没有消息就是好消息Is there any good news today?9. 【记】believe +able = believable 可信的un + believable =unbelievable 难以置信的That story is unbelievable.【解析2】progress v进步；进展n（不可数n）make progress取得进步

32、make progress in 在 方面 取得进步I have made much progress in English.10. 【解析】wonder v 想要知道= want to know后接从句，也可接“疑问词+不定式”I wonder who she is. I wonder what to do next. n. 惊奇；奇观the seven wonders of the world【记】 I wondered how on earth this wonder was built. 他想知道这个奇观究竟是怎么样建成的。11. 【解析】unusual adj.特别的；不同寻常的（反

33、） usualan unusual experience不同寻常的经历 This is a useful dictionary, I think. So it is, and it s unusual one.A . the B. an C. a D. 不填12. 【解析 1】 couldnt believe my eyes. 无法相信我的眼睛（表示惊讶）【解析2】social社会的fsociety n社会 -socialist社会主意者social problem 社会问题【解析3】 peaceful adj. 和平的，安宁的rapid 强调反应“敏捷 ”等 She made a rapid

34、 decision.quick 强调时间“短 “ There will be a quick visit.fast 强调速度“ 快 ” I canurn fast .【拓展】peace n和平fpeaceful adj.和平的fpeacefully adv和平地13. The tea art performances show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.茶艺表演展示了如何用精美的茶具冲一杯完美的茶。【解析 1 】 performan v 表演；演出performance n 演出；表演musical per

35、formance 音乐演奏【解析】perfect adj. 完美的Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧（） She speaks English than I .A. Perfect B. Perfectly C.more perfect D.more perfectly.14. 【解析 1】 tea sets 茶具关于 “茶 ” 你知多少？A. Tea sets 茶具 the tea art 茶艺 the tea art performance 茶艺表演第 7 页B. Green tea 绿茶 black tea 红茶 milk tea 奶茶 Oolong tea 乌龙茶

36、C. Make tea 泡茶serve tea to . 给 敬茶right now 现在 = at the moment 可用于一般现在时或现在进行时They are listening to the concert right now. 立刻；马上I ll do it right now.15. 【解析】walk around 四处走动around 作介词/副词，常与下列动词搭配使用。go around四处走动；look around环顾；参观travel around至U处旅游 show sb around sp.带领某人参观某地16. 【解析】hear of 听说 【拓展】listen

37、 to/hear(1) listen/listen to 听，侧重听的“过程 ”(2) hear 听，侧重听的“结果 ”( )He but could nothing. A .heard ; listened B. listened; heard C. heard; heardhear sb. do sth 听见某人做某事I often hear him sing in the room.hear sb. doing sth 听见某人正在做某事I hear him singing in the roomhear of/about 听说hear from =receive a letter fr

38、om sb. 收到某人的来信Im sorry to hear that. 听到这件事我很难过（指听到别人不幸的消息时的用语）17. 【拓展】1. take away 拿走 2. take care （=be careful=look out） 3. take （good） care of （ 好好）照顾，照料4. take down 取下来5. take out 拿出 6. take off 脱下； 飞机（等起飞） 7. take ones time 别着急，慢慢来8. take ones temperature 量体温 8.take a walk 散步,9. take a rest休息、一下

39、,10. take a look 看一看18. How long in China? 在中国多久了。【解析】how long【拓展】how far 问路程多远 how old 问年龄 多少岁how long 问时间 多久， 多长how often 问频率 多久一次how much 问价格 多少how many + n 复数 多少19. For thousands of tourists from China , this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and safe place to take a holiday. 对于成千上万的

40、中国游客来说，这个东南亚的小岛成了美妙又安全的度假胜地。【解析 1】 thousands of 数以千记的；许许多多的hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的thousand n 千 thousands of 成千上万的million n 百万 millions of 成百万的【解析 2】safe adj.安全的 fsafety n.安全- safely adv safety belt 安全带 safety first 安全第一20. 【解析1】on the one hand ，on the other hand 一方面, 另一方面（该短语常并列使用，用于列举原因，情况等）【解

41、析 2】 three quarters 四分之三（分数表达法）【解析 3】during在期间during prep.在.期间，during the concert在音乐会期间“during +时间段”与延续性动词连用表示某段时间的动作。during the daytime = in the daytime/day 在白天 【解析】whenever = no matter when任何时候【解析】close adj.离近，与亲近的培优专项训练I .单项填空()1. Sandy, I called you at 9 : 00 last night, but nobody answered the

42、phone. Im sorry. We a birthday party Jerry.A.had, with B . were having, for C . are having, for D. had, for()2. Jim in Zhuzhou since he finished his college.A. works B . is working C . has worked D. have worked()3. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he yet.A . didnt arrive B. doe

43、snt arrive C. isnt arriving D. hasnt arrived()4. Great changes in Tongren in the past five years.A . have happened B. have taken placeC. have been happened D. have been taken place()5. I hear Mr Zhang has gone to Beijing for a meeting.Really? Do you know when he ?A . leaves B. was leaving C . has le

44、ft D . left()6. Two and three joined the sports club last week.A.Germans, Japanese B. Germen, Japaneses C Germans, Japaneses D . German, Japanese()7. My parents always encourage me hard.A . study B . studied C. studying D. to study()8. There are books in the library.A . two thousand of B . two thous

45、ands C. thousand of D . thousands of()9. Id love to visit.A . anywhere warm B. somewhere warm C . warm anywhere D . warm somewhere()10. Have you to Paris? Yes, I there last month.A . gone, went B. went, gone C . been, go D. been, wentn.选词填空。play with, saw, called, As soon as, moment, on,第15页invitati

46、on, travel, friends, came, tell, laugh, rightMy friend Mr Smith is a famous doctor and has a hospital. So he has enough money to 1.all over the world. And hes been to a lot places of interest. He likes to 2. children and has a lot of little 3. They often ask him to tell them all kinds of funny thing

47、s he 4. They make them happy and his room is always full of children when hes free.It was my little sons seventh birthday yesterday. He wanted to ask his old friend Mr Smith to the party. He 7.Mr Smith himself and told him about it. The doctor accepted his 8.happily. At half past seven the boy was w

48、aiting for his coming at the gate. 9 he saw his car, he ran towards him. Mr Smith 10.on time, with a nice present in his hand. After dinner the children sat around the traveler and asked him to 11.them some funny stories. Mr Smith agreed and his stories made them 12.again and again.At last he told t

49、hem the funniest story. He said,“ Once I reached a city 13.a foggy day. The fog wasthe thickest in the world,“ Please wait a 14., Mr Smith,“ said my son, Its said the foethickest in the world. Youre 15., my clever boy. said the funny doctor. The city hday. ” w Whats it, then? ” the boy couldnt wait

50、to ask again.The fog was so thick that I couldnt secfunny doctor said with a smile.三.阅读理解What would it be like to be over 100 meters in the air ? Besides taking a plane, there is a more interesting and relaxing way to experience it : having a ride on a Ferris wheel （摩天轮）.London Eye , EnglandWith a h

51、eight of about 135 meters , the London Eye is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe.There are 32 cars （ 轿厢） and each can carry 25 people at most.On the ride, people can get a view of London Tower , Buckingham Palace and Big Ben.One turn takes 30 minutes.High Roller , USIt is the worlds tallest Ferris w

52、heel.It is 168 meters tall.High Roller first opened in Las Vegas on March 31st , 2019.A ride takes 30 minutes.You can also enjoy videos and music during the ride.Tianjin Eye , ChinaTianjin Eye is a 120- meter-tall Ferris wheel.It lies on a bridge over the Haihe River in Tianjin , China.It is the only Ferris wheel in the world to stand on a bridge.The wheel has 48 cars.Each can take eight passengers.Peopl