高中重点语法串讲

1、高考英语重点语法串讲语法是高考英语的一个重点，集中在以下几个方面：1、时态：常考的有6种2、语态：被动语态3、情态动词4、虚拟语气5、动词的非谓语形式三种6、各种从句（主、宾、表、定、状、同位语从句）7、主谓一致8、倒装句9、强调句10、附加疑问句第一节 动词的时态考试重点：常见时态的构成形式；主动语态与被动语态的区别；时间点与时间段的区分。例如：一般现在时（if 从句和as soon as 从句）；过去完成时；将来完成时；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；进行时表将来；have （has）been to和have（has）gone的区别。一、一般现在时：1、由when、 as soon as

2、、the minute、the moment、 till、 until等引起的时间状语从句，以及由if 、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作，而主句则用一般将来时态。例:（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.A. have finishedB. finishC. finishedD. was finishing（答案：B）（2）When the mixture _, it will give off a powerful force.A

3、. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated（答案：C）练习题：1. No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _them. A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. have tried 2. “When are you going to visit you uncle in Chicago?” “As soon as         our w

4、ork for tomorrow.”A. were complete    B. wed complete    C. well complete    D. we complete2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实，常常用一般现在时态。例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。二、一般过去时：需要重点区分三个短语的用法：1、used to do sth：过去常常做某事；2、be/get used to doing sth：习惯做某事；3、be used to do sth：被用于做某事。三、一般将来时： 1、b

5、e to +动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。 例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 三环路将在国庆节前通车。2、be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。 例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。3、一些表示动作趋势，如开始、终结，以及一些表示动作方向，如往来的动词，常常用现在进行时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情，这类动词常见的有：如：start, go, leave, come, arrive等。例：（1）We are leaving

6、for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。 （2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。四、进行时态：需要重点区分when 和while引起的时间状语的用法。When表示时间上的点，在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时”，主句多用进行时态；while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当时”，该从句用进行时态。例：（1）One of the guards _ when the general came in, which made him very angry. A. has slept B.

7、 were sleeping C. slept D. was sleeping （答案为D）（2）I fell and hurt myself while I _tennis. A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played （答案：A）五、现在完成时: 需要重点区分have（has）been to 和have （has）gone to 的用法。Have（has）been to：某人去过某地，表示一种经历，强调状态，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 连用;Have（has）gone to：某人在去某地的途中或已在某地，强

8、调动作。此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。例：（1）He has gone to America.（意思为他已经去了美国，现在不在此地） （2）He has been to America twice. 他去过美国两次。六、过去完成时: 1、 强调一个动作发生在另外一个过去的动作之前时, 用过去完成时态。例：The chemistry class _ for five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been on B. was on C. has been on D. would be on（答案：A）练习题：1. When I went to visi

9、t Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she         two days before.A. has left        B. was leaving        C. would leave         D. had left2、 It was the first/second/last time that, 在该句型中, that 从句用过去完成时态。例： 

10、; It was the first time (that) they had tried foreign food.      这是他们第一次吃西餐。七、将来完成时：将来完成时态常常标志性地由by、by the time、by the end of 引起一个表示将来时间段的时间状语，主句用将来完成时态。 例：(1) By the time John gets home, his aunt _. A. will have B. leaves C. will have left D. is leaving （答案：C）(2) I _ writing the arti

11、cle by the time you get back. A. shall finishB. must have finishedC. have finishedD. shall have finished （答案：D） 练习题：1. By next year he _ in New York for five years.  A. has worked        B. has been working C. works         D. will have wor

12、ked  2. By the time you arrive this evening, _ for two hours.  A. I will study              B. I will have been studied  C. I had studied            D. I will have been studying  第二节 感官动词、使役动词的用法及常考的两个句式结构

13、一、感官动词的用法及其被动语态：在高考英语中，常见的感官动词有“五看二听一感觉”（see、watch、look、notice、observe；hear、listen to；feel），在主动语态中用动词原形或现在分词作宾补，如see sb do/doing sth，改为被动语态时则要加to，如sb be seen to do sth。例：The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on the afternoon of the murder.A. came B. come C. to come D. have come （答案为C）练习题：1

14、. Henry is often seen _ English aloud every morning in the classroom.  A. read               B. reads  C. reading                D. to read  2. Today the police can watch cars _ on road

15、s by radar.A. run            B. to run C. running          D. to be run二、使役动词的用法及其被动语态：在高考英语中，常见的使役动词有make、let、have，在主动语态中用动词原形作宾补，如make sb do sth，改为被动语态时则要加to，如sb be made to do sth，两种形式都表示使/让某人做某事的意思。例：We were made to study harder. 我们

16、被要求努力学习。练习题：1. The teacher has his students _ a composition every other week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 2. The manager has his employees _ a business report every week. A. to write B. written C. writing D. write 3. I'll _ that I'm a qualified engineer.A. have you know B. hav

17、e known you C. have you knowing D. have you known三、高考英语中常考的句式结构一： sth need/want/require doing 某物需要（=sth need to be done）（此句式主语为物）例：My room is a mess. It needs _. A to be tidying upB. tidying up C. to tidy up D. tidied up （答案为B）四、高考英语中常考的句式结构二：have/get sth done 请/让别人做某事（此句式have/get后接的宾语为物） 例：I have t

18、aken many photos. I'm going to get the film _. A. being developedB. developing C. developed D. to be developed （答案为C） 练习题：1. We are going to have our office _to make room for a new engineer. A. to rearrange B. rearrange C. rearranged D. rearranging 2. Excuse me, but it is time to have your tempe

19、rature        .A. taking            B. taken            C. took            D. take五、情态动词的被动语态，其构成为：情态动词+be+过去分词。例：1、The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。2、Nothing can be seen

20、 from here. 从这儿什么也看不见。第三节 情态动词情态动词是高考英语的重点,常见的情态动词有can、could；may、might；must；need；should；ought to，对于情态动词常考其两方面的内容,一是情态动词用于推测句型,二是情态动词用于虚拟语气(该部分的讲解放在后面的虚拟语气部分)。情态动词用于推测句型：用于推测句型的常见情态动词有can、must、 may，应注意的一点是must不用于否定推测。一、情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有：1. Can/may do sth：表示对现在内容的可能性的推测；2. Must do sth：表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测

21、。二、情态动词用于对过去内容推测的常见句型有:3. Can/may have done sth： 表示对过去内容的可能性的推测;4. Must have done sth：表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测。例：1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have received B. must have failed to receiveC. must receive D. must fail to receive（答案：B）2、I believe he _ an accident, ot

22、herwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have hadC. should have had D. must have had（答案为D）练习题：1. I cant find the recorder in the room, It        by somebody.A. must have taken   B. may have taken       C. may have been taken   

23、0;         D. should have been taken2. Since this road is wet and slippery this morning, it _ last night.  A. must rain            B. was raining   C. must have rained         D. may rain  3. I _ my wallet

24、 when I was shopping in the store. A. must have dropped        B. should have droppedC. could drop              D. ought to have dropped4. She _be ill because I saw her playing tennis just now. A. can't        

25、   B. couldn't C. mustn't             D. may not第四节 虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由if虚拟条件从句和主句构成，是高考英语新增的重点。考试的知识点有十三点之多：一、虚拟语气的基本构成：根据虚拟语气这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间的不同，虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式： 假设类型If虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反 did/wereWould do与过去事实相反had doneWo

26、uld have done与将来事实可能相反were to do/did/should doWould do例：(1) I wouldnt talk that way if I were peter.(2) If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.(3) Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a jo

27、b she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.(4) I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him. A. had known B. have known C. knewD. know（答案：C）(5) Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A. spokeB. speakC. had spokenD. will speak(

28、6)、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time. A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came（答案为C）二、if的省略形式(又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)在if虚拟条件从句中, 如果谓语部分包含were , should, had等词，则可以把这些词放到主语前面, 省略if, 构成虚拟语气的倒装结构。例: (1)_ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realizedB. Ha

29、d I realizedC. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized（答案：B）(2) _, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to us B. If they come to usC. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us（答案：A）练习题：1. the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A. If

30、 he took B. If he should take C. Were he to take D. Had he taken2. Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I it to you.”A. will return B. must return C. could return D. would have returned三、主句与从句时间不一致时虚拟语气的构成：当虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时,要根据各自所表示的时间采用对应的虚拟语气的构成形式。 例: (1) If I had attended the meetin

31、g yesterday, I would know what happened now.如果我参加了昨天的会议，现在我就知道发生了什么事了。(2) If you had taken our advice at that time, you would not be in trouble now. 如果你当时接受我们的建议，你现在就不会有麻烦了。四、主观倾向性动词引导的虚拟语气的构成在英语中存在一些动词，表示建议、命令、要求等主观的倾向，由这些动词引导的that宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。这类常见的主观倾向性动词有“一坚持、二命令、三建议、五要求”

32、，分别是：一坚持：insist 二命令：order，command 三建议：suggest，advise，propose 五要求：ask，demand，require，request，desire除此之外，另外两个常考的主观倾向性动词是recommend, urge。例：(1) The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _ an operation right away so as to save his life.A. had B. would have C. have D. was going to have（答案：C）(2) His mother insiste

33、d that he _ the coat when going out.A. put on B. puts on C. to put D. putting on（答案：A）练习题：1. The doctor advised her that she enough rest before going back to work.A. to get B. get C. gets D. got2. The doctor's advice was that the patient _ at once. A. to be operated       

34、60; B. being operated C. be operated          D. operated另外，如果在题干中出现上面这些主观倾向性动词的名词和形容词形式, 题干中从句部分的谓语动词也要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。考试中常见的词汇有：order, command, suggestion, advice, proposal, demand, request, desire；advisable, desirable。练习题：1.It is desirable that he_. A. gives

35、up trying B. give up trying C. would give up trying D. is going to give up trying2. Her suggestion that everybody _ was not appreciated. A. sing a song   B. sang a song C. sung a song   D. singing a song3. The general's command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more

36、 importanttasks. A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left 五、in case、lest、for fear that 引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成in case、lest、for fear that引导的目的状语从句，表示忧虑或担心，翻译为“以防万一”，从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。例：（1）Written applications should be sent to us in case _ some problems with the electric version.    

37、; A. there will be B. there is C. there be D. there was (答案：C) （2）I wrote it down _I should forget it. A. in caseB. in case ofC. in order thatD. for fear of （答案：A） 六、It is + 形容词that引导的从句中虚拟语气的构成在It is + 形容词that引导的从句中，如果该形容词表示“重要的、必须的、强制的”或者“惊奇的、令人不满的”，that从句中的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可以省略。1、 表示“重要的、必

38、须的、强制的”的形容词常见的有：important, vital, critical, crucial; necessary, essential, urgent; compulsory, obligatory, imperative。2、 表示“惊奇的、令人不满的”的形容词常见的有：strange，surprising，amazing，unthinkable，odd，incredible，ridiculous。例：Its urgent that a meeting _ before the final decision is made. A. will be arrangedB. must

39、be arrangedC. be arrangedD. would be arranged（答案：C）  练习题：1. It is important to remember the saying that is better than cure .A. prevention B. promotion C. permission D. proportion2. It's vital that enough money _ collected to get the project started.  A. is       &#

40、160;     B. be C. must be               D. can be  七、wish that和if only引导的虚拟语气的构成wish that 引导的宾语从句和if only 引起的感叹句都用虚拟语气来表示一种没有实现或无法实现的愿望，其中wish that 句型往往翻译为：多么希望；if only表示的愿望较wish that 更强烈，常翻译为：但愿；要是就好了。两者的用法基本相同，从在考试中出现的频率来看，wish that

41、句型更高。二者的用法是：1、 当表示与现在的事实相反的一种愿望时，wish that 引导的宾语从句和if only 引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：did/were；2、 当表示与过去的事实相反的一种愿望时，wish that 引导的宾语从句和if only 引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：had done；3、 当表示未来一时很难实现的一种愿望时，wish that 引导的宾语从句和if only 引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：would do。例：（1）Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was

42、in college. A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study（答案：C）（2）I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there. A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be（答案：C）八、as if, as though 引导的虚拟语气的构成as if，as though翻译为“好像”，谈论的往往是不可能或不真实的情况，它们所引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词采用的形式和wish that句型中谓语动词采用的形式相同。例：He t

43、alks as if he _ everything in the world. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have known （答案：B）九、would rather 引导的虚拟语气的构成would rather的意思是“宁愿，宁可”，其引导的宾语从句（一般省去that）通常用虚拟语气表示一种与事实相反的假设。我们可以假设A、B是两个人，通过牢记以下句式来记住其用法：1、A would rather B did sth：表示与现在或将来事实相反的一种假设；2、A would rather B had done sth：表示与过去事实相反的

44、一种假设。例：（1）Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind. A. rather B. better C. happier D. further （答为案：A）（2）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner. A. come B. would come C. came D. have come （答案为C）十、It is（high）time that句型中虚拟语气的构成It is（high）time that句型表示“早该是的时候了”

45、,在that从句中,谓语动词用一般过去式(did)。例：（1）Its high time we _ something to stop traffic accident. A. do B. will do C. did D. must do （答案：C）（2）Dont you think it is time you _ smoking? A. give up B. gave up C. would give up D. should give up （答案：B）练习题：1. Let's finish our homework in a few seconds; it's ti

46、me we _.  A. played football          B. will play football  C. play football             D. are playing football 十一、含蓄虚拟语气的构成虚拟条件句有时不是通过if虚拟条件从句明显地表达出来，而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中，这种情况称作含蓄虚拟语气。经常标志性地用于含蓄虚拟语气的介词、副词有：without(要是没有),

47、 but for(要不是),otherwise(否则;要不然)。只要见到这几个词，所要选择的虚拟语气的构成多用would have done 形式。例：（1）Without your help, we _ so much.A. didnt achieveB. would not have achievedC. will not achieveD. dont achieve（答案：B）（2）But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. should have B. would have had C. would have D. will have had（答案

48、：B）练习题：1. But for my classmates help, I the work in time.A. did not finish B. could not finish C. will not finish D. would not have finished2. Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth _ well.  A. would not grow      B. will not grow C. had not grown      D. w

49、ould not be grown  十二、虚拟与不虚拟的错综混合我们有时会发现一句话中，句子的一部分采用虚拟语气的构成形式，另一部分则采用与事实相对应的某一种时态，这样就形成了虚拟与不虚拟的错综混合的现象。在这种情况下，最为常见的一个词是but，一般情况下，在虚拟与不虚拟相混合的句子中，由but 引起的句子选择与事实相对应的某一种时态，而不采用虚拟语气的构成形式。例：I would have come earlier, but I didnt know you were waiting.我本来可以早些到，但我不知道你在等我。练习题：1. I would have joined hi

50、m in a picnic, but I _ his company. A. will not like          B. don't like   C. had not liked           D. might not like  十三、情态动词用于虚拟语气情态动词在虚拟语气当中的应用是高考英语的重点，我们应该把这个知识点与情态动词用于推测句型相区分。对于情态动词用于虚拟语气，应该记住以下句式及其含义：1、 should/

51、ought to have done sth：本来应该做某事而未做。2、should not have done sth/ought not to have done sth： 本来不应该做某事而做了。3、need have done sth：本来需要做某事而未做。4、need not have done sth：本来不需要做某事而做了。5、could have done sth：本来能够做某事而未做。6、could not have done sth：本来不能够做某事而做了。7、might have done sth：本来可以做某事而未做。8、might not have done sth：

52、本来不可以做某事而做了。例：(1) They have done things they ought _. A. not to do B. not to be done C. not to have done D. not having done （答案为C）(2) Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephone B. have phonedC. should have phoned D. should be phoned（答案为C）练习题：1. You ou

53、ght          the matter to the manager the day before yesterday.A. to report     B. to have reported     C. to reporting       D. have reported2. Sorry, officer. I _ at 80 miles but I didn't see any sign in the area telling pe

54、ople how fast they can drive. A. should not drive      B. shouldn't have driven C. mustn't drive D. can't drive第五节 非谓语动词非谓语动词分三种，即：不定式，动名词和分词。下面分三部分进行介绍。一、动词不定式考试重点：动词不定式的基本结构和用法（否定式，被动式，完成式，动词不定式的复合结构）；stop和go on接不定式和动名词的区别；remember，forget，regret接不定式和动名词的区别。1、动词不定式的基本结构及其

55、否定式：主动形式被动形式一般式（not） to make（not） to be made完成式（not） to have made（not） to have been made进行式（not） to be making2、动词不定式的语法功能： 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。例：(1) Good-bye , Mr. Wang. Im pleased _ you. A. to meet B .meeting C. to have been meeting D. to be met （答案：A）(2) Enco

56、uragement through praise is the most effective method of getting people _ their best.A. do B. to do C. doing D. done（答案为B）3、动词不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语（一般情况下是动词不定式前面的名词）是不定式所表示的动作的对象(或动作的承受者)时，不定式一般要用被动式。例: (1) Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house _ so well.A. to be decorated B. to decorateC. be decorated D. decorating（答案：A）练习题：1. We shall ask for samples         and then we can make our decision.A. to be sent          B. being sent           C. to sent          D. to have been sent2. The qu