语法专题被动语态无答案

1、被动语态Step 1语态概述1. 语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 I eat apples.Apples are eaten by me 2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）.eg：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。3. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。eg：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。Step 2 定义被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的

2、过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。)例：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) Step 3 各种时态的被动语态构成1.一般现在时：_例：I'm asked to take care of myself.  Football is played all over the world2.一般过去时：_例：This house was bui

3、lt in 1958.   His leg was broken in an accident.3.一般将来时：_例：More factories will be built in our city.   He will be taken to hospital tomorrow. 4.现在进行时：_例:  A road is being built around the mountain.  Many new houses are being built in this city5.过去进行时：_例：The meeting was being held

4、 when I was there.   We were being trained this time last year. 6.现在完成时：_例：The prices of many goods have been cut again . 7.过去完成时：_例：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.  8.含有情态动词的被动语态：_例：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.典例精讲：豆豆的故事遥远的小岛上，住着一个倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的人

5、只有三件事要忙，吃饭，睡觉，打豆豆。它总是被打，还不知道是谁打的。Doudou is always beaten by someone.昨天晚上 ，夜黑风高，它又被打了。 Doudou _ yesterday evening.明天，豆豆还会面临n顿暴打，可怜的豆豆啊。 Tomorrow , Doudou _ several times .可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了很多年。命运一直没有改变。Poor Doudou _ for many years. 我们亲爱的豆豆现在在干嘛，不用问，一定是正在被打。 Our dear Doudou _ now .随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它啊。 Poor D

6、oudou _ anytime .Step 3 被动语态的基本用法一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。例：1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。2).This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。3).The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打2. 没不要说出动作的执行者是谁。例：1).The

7、time-table has been changed .时间表已变动了 2).China was founded in 1949.3. 不愿意说出动作的执行者，其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等。在这种情况下，有时常用一些句式，如：It is said that（据说）It is reported that "（据报道），It is well known that （众所周知 ）It is supposed that（据推测说 ） ，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is thought that大家认为，It is sug

8、gested that据建议等等。例：1.It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人。2.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）4. 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例：1).The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。2).his book was written by him.这本书

9、是他写的。3).Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。典例精讲:填空（完成被动语态填空）1. They often clean their classroom after school . Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week . 3. A lot of people in China can speak English now

10、.    English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. English _ _ _ for about two years5. They will publish these story-books next month.These story-books _ _ _ next month. Step 3 主动语态变被动语态1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称

11、和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。He plant trees in spring .Trees are planted in spring by him .记忆口诀：主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。例：All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory._He cut down a tree. _被动语态中“by+宾语”的

12、省略：被动语态句式中的“by+宾语”表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者，但是在遇到以下情况时，表示动作执行者“by+宾语”常常被省略。1. 动作执行者不确定时例：1. Paper is made from wood . 2.Many people are killed in traffic accidents every day .2. 不必表明动作执行者时例：1.English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages . 2.Football is played in most

13、school .3. 动作执行者为一般大众时.例：1.Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area . 2.He is made the monitor of the class today .Step 4 语态转换时所注意的问题1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 例：We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误

14、) 2. 当句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语（唯一宾语）”时，把宾语提到句首做主语，然后把谓语改成被动语态形式，最后把原主语变为宾格至于介词by之后。实际运用中by短语常被省略。例：1.We finish our homework in the evening.2.Our homework is finished in the evening.3. 当句子结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语(表示人的)+直接宾语（表示物的）”时，一般把间接宾语变为主语，而直接宾语不变，这样句子显得自然些。如果把直接宾语作为主语，那么在间接宾语前应加介词to或for.例：1.She sent me a novel on m

15、y birthday. (主动) I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)2.My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动) I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)4. 当句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”把主动态变成被动态时，只需将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语，而原句里的宾

16、语补足语现在就变成被动态句子的"主语补足语"了例：1. They asked me to help them.I was asked to help them. 2. Now people can use computers to help them.Computers can be used to help them .3.We must keep the room clean . The room must be kept clean .4.We saw them coming over. They were seen coming over. 典例精讲： 用

17、适当的形式填空1 History is _ by the people. ( make)2 He is often _ to do the work by the teacher. (ask)3 The book _ by him last year. ( write )4 The

18、0;radio _ last week. ( mend)5 Some trees _ on the hill this spring. (plant)6 A new subway _ (build) next year.7 She _ (take) to the hospital already.8 Thou

19、sands of satellites _ (send) up into the space so far.9 They said they _ (invite) to the party already.10 The trains _( produce) in Zhuzhou.Step 4不可用于被动语态的情况第一、谓语是及物动词leave, e

20、nter, reach等。 例：He entered the room and got his book. 误：The room was entered and his book was got. 第二、一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place等。 例：The fire broke out in the capital building. 误：The fire was broke out in the capital building. 第三、不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 例：When we got to

21、the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 误：The sun had already been risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. Step 5主动形式被动含义在英语中，主动意义用主动语态表示，被动意义用被动语态表示。但在以下几种情况下，被动意义却用主动语态来表示：一少数动词，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。当它们作不及物动词且用来表示主语内在品质或性能时，可用一般时态

22、的主动形式表示被动意义，其主语大多为事物。常见的有：sell(“销售好)”read(好读”)，write(“好写”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，last，tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take 等、   例：1). The tickets cost too much and sold badly.这些票太贵了，销路不好。2). Can you lend me your pen? Your pen writes better你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?你的钢笔更好写。3).The pen writes wel

23、l. 这笔好写。4).The door wont open. 门开不下来。5).The clothes wash easily.  这衣服很好洗。6). The door won't open. 这门打不开。注意：这类动词的主动形式表示被动意义有三个明显特征1).与not，hardly等否定意义的词连用.2).常与副词well, easily, badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等连用表示效果或程度。3).句中的主语是谓语动词的承受者。2 某些表示感觉，状态，特征的系动词，如feel, look, sound,

24、smell, taste 等系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，主语是物。 例：1.The cloth feels soft. 这布料摸起来很软。 2.His cake tastes good. 他的蛋糕味道很好。 3.Good medicine tastes bitter.  良药苦口3 动词need, want, require等表示“需要”或“应该”的意义时， 后用动词ing的主动式或动词不定式被动形式表示变动意义.。例：1).The floor needs sweeping. 地板须拖一下。2).The old bike needs repairing (or

25、: to be repaired). 那辆旧自行车需要修理。 3).Your hair needs cutting你的头发需要理了。  4).The wall requires painting这墙壁需要粉刷了。Step 5 Exercise一用动词 show 的被动语态填空1). I know a new film_ at the cinema every week2). I know a new film _ at the cinema last week.3). I know a new film _ at the cinema these days.4). I know a

26、new film _ at the cinema at eight last night5). I know a new film _ at the cinema recently6). I know a new film _ at the cinema by the end of last week7). I know a new film _ at the cinema in two days 三、课堂小结对于本节课的内容，你还记得多少？让我们来回顾一下。四、中考专题训练(2019湖北咸宁) 33.一What do you think of the latest TV play the N

27、ame of People? 一Its very popular. Millions of families _ by it during that time. A attracted B. are attracted C. were attracted D. were attracting(2019·广东省)42. The waiter told me that free parking _ for the hotel guests. A. providesB. providedC. will be providedD. was provided (2019·河北) 35

28、. Hangzhou _ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.A. knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known(2019·甘肃天水)40. The boy was seen _ computer games in the net bar.A. playB. playedC. playingD. to play(2019·四川乐山) 22. Its not your turn yet. Please wait on the chair over

29、 there until you _. A. are calling B. have called C. are called (2019天津) 34. Lets wait and see whether books _ by the Internet in the future. A. replace B. replaced C. will be replaced D. were replaced 42. (2019·安徽)Mr. Green _ to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A. was invite

30、dB. invitedC. is invitedD. invites37. （2019·湖北随州） Your bedroom is so clean.Of course. It _ every day.A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned (2019·湖南永州)24. It is said that BRT(快速公交系统)_ in Yongzhou soon.A. was usedB. will be used C. is used (2019·湖南岳阳) 29. Teenagers decide fo

31、r themselves.A. may be allowed to B. may are allowed to C. may be allow to (2019湖南株洲) 29. The singer while still at school.A. has discovered B. was discovered C. discovered(2019·江苏连云港) 11. Why didn't you come to Jennys birthday party yesterday?Because I_.A. didn't inviteB. isnt invitedC

32、. wasnt invitedD. haven't invited (2019江苏苏州) 13. Why hasnt Tony come? The invitation letter _ to Toby by accident.A. was emailedB. has emailedC. is emailedD. emailed (2019江苏盐城) 8. It is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts _ to teach soccer school students.A. invite B. invited C. to be invited D. will be invited (2019江西) 35.A babys first month birthday is a special event in China and _with a special par