英语中5个基本句型

1、 英语中的五种基本句型结构一、 主语+谓语这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。3）Spring is coming.【练习导航】1. 他在听。He _ _.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _ _ las

2、t night?3. 事物总是变化的。Things always _.4. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. wait   B. waiting   C. waited   D. to wait5. It _ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rain        B. is raining 

3、  C. rained    D. has rained6. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match.    A. is playing  B. was playing  C. has played  D. will play二、主语 谓语 宾语这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词

4、、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。【练习导航】1. He handed in his homework this morning.  _2. He forgot w

5、hich way to go.        _4. Ill do what I can.             _5. 你认识这些人吗？Do you _ _ _?6. 今天早上他完成了报告。He _ _ _ this morning.7. 现在我来自我介绍一下。Now Ill _ _. 9. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。I dont remember _the accident _.三、主语+谓语 间接宾语直接

6、宾语这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary .她爸爸给她买了一本词典。2）The old man always tells the children stories .老人经常给孩子们讲述故事。 上述句子还可以表达为：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her .

7、2）The old man always tells stories .【温馨提示】某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？Can you lend your car to us? 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。

8、如：My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。【练习导航】1. She gave me her telephone number.    _4. He sang us a folk song.        _5. She showed me her paintings.     _. 将下列句子改为同义句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen.   Tom _ a nice pen _

9、 me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.   My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal.  She _ a delicious meal _ us.  四、主语+动词+宾语补语这种句型中的“宾语 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词

10、不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)注意：动词h

11、ave, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上【练习导航】1. They call their daughter Mary. _2. I wish you to be happy. _3. I saw her chatting with Nanc

12、y. _4. 我看见她在跟简谈话。5. 你认为这部电影精彩吗5、 主语 系动词 表语这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be动词, 感官动词look, seem, smell, taste, sound, 状态不变的词keep，remain,stay等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Sp

13、ring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长的更高了【练习导航】1. 他感到有点累。_4. 我的电脑在书房里。_5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。_6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。_7. 问题是你想干什么。_1.abandon v. 放弃，遗弃，抛弃 abandon the baby/ child/ friendabandon the plan/ idea/ effort/ hope abandon oneself to 陷

14、入，沉湎于 He abandoned himself to despair.2 absence n. 不在，缺席absence from work/ school The decision was made in my absence.in the absence of 在缺少条件下 The case was dismissed in the absence of proof.absent adj. 缺席的，不在的 be absent from absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的3agree vi. 同意；应允1）agree with agree with sb / what y

15、ou say/your opinion.表示一致;“ (食物、天气、工作等)对适宜”： The weather does not agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。 A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. What he does does not agree with what he says. 他言行不一致。 2）agree to the plan/ the arrangement/ the suggestion .3）agree on /upon主要指双/多方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议： We

16、 agreed on the price. 我们就价格达成了一致意见。 Both sides agreed on these terms. 双方都同意这些条件。 4) agree to do sth He agreed to go with us. 他同意同我们去。 5) reach/arrive at/come to an agreement 6) I cant/couldnt agree more.4 accident n.事故，意外的事by accident/chance 偶然，无意中；不小心5. advantage n. 优点，好处(可数名词) 反：disadvantagetake advantage of 利用 have an advantage over 优于 to sbs advantage 对（某人）有利6 accustomed adj. 习惯的，适应的，惯常的 be/ get/ become accustomed to doing 7.adapt vi. 适