现在完成时用法

1、现在完成时(1)基本结构：肯定句: have/has+过去分词(done)+其他否定句：have+not/havent +过去分词(done) +其他has+not/ hasnt+过去分词(done) +其他一般疑问句及回答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定)No, 主语+havent/hasnt.(否定)一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果。Ihave already spentall of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了)Guo zijunhas just come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My fat

2、herhas goneto work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)过去分词1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音

3、字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2、不规则动词：do-did-done go-went-gone come-came-comehave-had-had see-saw-seen be-was/were-been句型转换：1. He has already gone home._ (否定句)_ (疑问句)_(肯定回答)_(否定回答)2. He has had lunch at home._ (否定句)_ (疑问句)_(肯定回答)_(否定回答)3. He has finished his homework. (划线提问)

4、_4. I have had lunch at school. (划线提问)_5. I _ told him the news.（have/has）6. She _ come back from school.(have/has)7. He has visited the Great Wall. (划线提问)_8. She has studied English for many years. (划线提问)_9. Tom has seen the film. (划线提问)_10. I have washed the clothes.( 划线提问)_现在完成时(2)表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的

5、对现在造成影响的动作或结果, 常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。1. already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例： Ive already read this book. Ive washed my clothes already 2. yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例： Has he found his watch yet ？ No，not yet The woman hasn

6、t found her dog yet 3. just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： He has just come back from school 4. ever意为“曾经”，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？I havent ever spoken to her 5. never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例： I have never travelled by plane before 6. before意为

7、“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例： Have you ever been to Hainan before ？ I havent eaten Guangdong food before 把already，yet，just，ever，never，before放在句中适当的位置。 1、Jim has finished doing his homework. (already)_2、My father has been to the Great Wall before. (never) _3、She hasnt seen the new film.(yet) _4

8、、She has been to Shanghai before.(ever) _5. Have you found your watch?(yet) _6. -Are you thirsty? -No I have had some orange juice.(just) _7. We have returned (return) the book.(already) _8. I havent finished my homework. (yet) Can you help me? _9. My father have read the novel.(ever) _10.Ive arrive

9、d by train.(just) _不规则动词：do-_-_ go-_-_ come-_-_have-_-_ see-_-_ be-_-_read-read-read eat-ate-eaten speak-spoke-spokenfind-found-found get-got-gotten/got win-won-won现在完成时(3)用法二：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用, 对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How longfor + 段时间 since+过去一个时间点（译为：

10、自从以来）since+时段+agosince+句子（过去时）1) Ive lived here for 16 years.Ive lived here since 1990 Ive lived here since 16 years ago.Mr Wang has lived in the factory since he came to the city 2) I havent seen him for three years 我三年没有看见他了。 = I havent seen him since 2013. = since three years ago=I havent seen hi

11、m since I saw him last time in 2013.练习A)（用for或since填空）1. He has lived in Nanjing _ two years ago.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. It has been ten years _ she left the city.B)（完成下列句子）1. 她在这所教学

12、已经有五年了。She_ at this school _ .She_ at this school _ .自从她来到这所城市，她就在这所学校教学。She_ at this school _ .2. 从2006年， 他就在这里工作。He_ here _. He_ here _. 自从他来这里以来， 他就在这家工厂工作。He_ here _ .3. He has lived in the small town for 20 years.(对划线部分提问)_ .4. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year.5. The students _(study) in th

13、e middle school since last month.6. How long _ you _(know) him?7. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.8. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.9. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.10 .He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ le

14、arned English ?11. I bought a new bike just now.(用just改写)I _ just _ a new bike.do-_-_ go-_-_ come-_-_have-_-_ see-_-_ be-_-_read-_-_ eat-_-_ find-_-_ get-_-_ win-_-_ speak-_-_teach-taught-taught sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunkswim-swam-swum begin-began-begun run-ran-run现在完成时用法(4)have gone to, have

15、been to, have been inhave gone to 指去某地还没回来。have been to 指到过某地且已经回来，可以和once, twice, three times, often, never, ever连用，也可和just，never，ever等连用。have been in 指一直待在某地，常与for, since 时间状语连用例如：1.Where is Jim？He has gone to England.2. My father has been to Beijing twice.3. I have been in Shanghai for three year

16、s.用have been to, have gone to，have been in的各种形式填空。 1. Where are the boys?They _ the teachers office.2. My father _ Japan twice.3. Tom _ China since 1998.4. She_ never_ London before.5. How long _you_ London?6. Where _ you , Lily?I_ the bookshop and bought many books.7. Jack, I havent seen your broth

17、er for a long time. He _ Shanghai on business for two months.二、翻译下列句子：1. 格林先生在北京已经有10年了。_2. 你曾经去过美国吗？去过，我去过三次。_3. 玛丽哪去了？她去超市了。_一、选择题。1. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 2. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already

18、asked C. already have asked D. asked already 3. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 4. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 5. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt

19、 live C. have lived D. live 6. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 二、用动词的适当形式填空。1. _ you _ (read) todays newspaper yet? 2. They _already_(do) their homework. 3. -_ you _ (see) the film last night? -No, I _ (see) it for several times. 4. She _ (be) ill for three days

20、. 5. My father _ ( buy) a book for me yesterday. 6. She_ (never read) this book before. 7. _ you ever _ (travel) on a train before? 8. - _ Wei Hua _ (come) yet? -Yes. She_ (come) already. She _ (come) just now. 9. -How long _you _(learn) English? -For more than two years. 10. They _ (live) in China

21、since they _ (move) to China. 现在完成时(5)延续性动词和终止性动词延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。如：study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与for+段时间，since+过去时间点/ago/过去时的句子连用。He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days.I stayed there for 2 weeks last year

22、. How long did you stay there last year?终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, arrive等。终止性动词在现在完成时中的用法：1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。Theplanehasarrived飞机到了。Ihavefinishedmyhomework我已完成了作业。2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时, 不能和

23、表示一段时间的状语连用。如：他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears他来这儿三个月了。误：hehascomehereforthreemonths两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语forthreeyearsmonths连用。那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采用下列方法：A用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。如：HehasbeendeadforthreeyearsHehasbeenhereforthreemonths B. 把时间状语改为表示过去的时间状语，把现在完成时改为一般过去时。如：Hediedt

24、hreeyearsagoHecameherethreemonthsago两者的转换:leave - be away( from), borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, get up-be up, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), go (get) out be out， put on wea

25、r catch a cold have a cold, join - be in+/ be a member of+,根据提示完成句子1. 他的爷爷去世三年了。His grandfather_ 3 years ago.His grandfather has_ _ _ 3 years.2. 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？ How long have you_the bike? 3. 我买这本故事书三年了。I have _this story book_three years.4.他参军十年了He _the Army（军队）ten years ago.He has _ _the Army for 1

26、0 years.5. The film began two minutes ago. （同义句）The film _ _ _ for _ _. 6. I bought a pen two hours ago. （同义句）I _ _ a pen for _ _. 7. He left Fuzhou just now. （同义句）He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 8. He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 9. He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Be

27、ijing for _ _. 现在完成时用法(7)一、单项选择 1. Mary_ to see the film tomorrow because she_ it twice. A. wont go, saw B. wont go, will see C. wont go, has seen D. didnt go, sees 2.- Would you like some more food? -Thank you. I _ enough（足够）. A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 3. - _ you _ England? -Yes, it_

28、a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 4. -_ you_ to Beijing? -No, I _. I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 5. -You si

29、ster_ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she_ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 6. He has a computer of his own. He_ it two days ago A. bought B. is bring C. will bring D. has bought 7. Where is Li Lei? He _ Shanghai

30、. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 8. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 9. - Is your father a Party member? - Yes, he_ the Party(党) three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has j

31、oined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 10. It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was二、根据要求完成句子。1. He has lived here since 1999.(就划线部分提问) _ _ _ he_ here? 2. They have already finished the work.（否定句） They _ _ the work _. 3. My father got there two days ago.（同义句） My father

32、 _ _ _ for two days. 4. Mr. Li began to teach English in this school in 1999.（同义句） Mr. Li _ _ English in this school since 1999. 5.They have cleaned the room twice this week. (就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ they _ the classroom this week? 6. My father went to England in 2003 and 2005. （同义句） My father _ _ _ Englan

33、d _. 7. John left Beijing three years ago. （同义句） John_ _ _ _ Beijing_ three years. 8. My father bought the car half a year ago. （同义句） My father _ _ the car _ half a year. 9. The film began ten minutes ago. （同义句） The film _ _ _ for ten minutes. 10. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. （同义句） I _ _ this

34、 book for two weeks.Notes: 某事发生已经有多长时间了 A用“Itishasbeen一段时间since（一般过去时）”结构。如：ItishasbeenthreeyearssincehediedItishasbeenthreemonthssincehecamehereB用“多长时间haspassedsince（一般过去时）”结构。如：ThreeyearshaspassedsincehediedThreemonthshaspassedsincehecamehere现在完成时用法(8)：现在完成时的时间状语already never ever just yet before

35、since for in the past/last few weeks/years/months/daysup to now/till now（直到现在） so far （到目前为止；迄今为止）lately recently (近来，最近) 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, today, this morning/week/month/year等: 1. Peter has written six papers so far. 2. Mary has now learned to operate the machine. 3. There has been t

36、oo much rain in Beijing this year. 4. Up to now everything has been successful. 5. Shijiazhuang has changed a lot in the past/last 3 years.6. I havent seen him recently.7. Ive only recently started learning French.一、单项选择 1. Jim Green _ in China for two years. A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D

37、. came 2. The film _ for half an hour. A. has been on B. has begun C. hasnt begun D. began 3.Where have you _ these days？ I have _to Beijing with my friends A. been；gone B. been；been C. gone；been D. gone；gone 4. How long have you _ this book？ A. bought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 5I have watched the game W

38、hen _you _ it？ Ahave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 6Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 7.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 8His grandpa _ for two years Awas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dh

39、as died 9Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 10. His sister _ her hometown for three years. Shell return next year Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from 11. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two ye

40、ars . is writing .was writing .wrote . has written12.Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better二、翻译下面的句子。1. 我刚刚丢了我的英语书。_2. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。_3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？_4. 他学英语已经多长时间了？_5. 他离开中国二十年了。_6. 自从1992年以来，他就住这儿了。_现在完成时用法(9)：使用现在完成时的句型1）It is the first / second time that ，that 从句要用现在完成时，表示某人第几次做某事。 It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次参观这个城市。It is the third time