装载机外文翻译--轮式装载机的典型

1、附录一 中文翻译 轮式装载机的典型 20 世纪 20 年代，小型农用拖拉机都配备的轻质材料 re-handling 装载机铲斗。这难以置信担任现代轮式装载机的最早的原型。轮式装载机的最早版本是旋转桶和电梯武器装载上农场型拖拉机。一桶装上拖拉机离合器的绞盘，通过使用金属丝绳，然后甩重力了通过旅行释放机制。20 世纪 30 年代，多家厂家正在发展小型轮式装载机的紧固水桶到拖拉机上。科技公司在英国曼彻斯特，桶装的拖拉机的他们缪尔山加载程序的第一次录制制造商之一，28 马力拖拉机装入 0.5 立方码 (0.4 m3) 电缆控制斗。刚性框架轮式装载机1939 年，来自芝加哥的一位工程师弗兰克 G.霍夫的

2、名称，开发第一个自包含、 两轮驱动、 橡胶累了、 装载机称为 Hough 模型 HS。这台机器了斗容量的 1/3 立方码 (0.25 m3)。桶重力通过闩锁机制被甩了。其他制造商开始生产综合四轮驱动轮式装载机。许多第一次的轮式装载机的有刚架。虽然这些机器被集成在一起，他们刚架有限导致要转大圆圈损在严密的地方经营的机的操纵性能。由毛毛虫，开发的第三个轮式装载机，例如了刚架。其他制造商喜欢欧几里得 / 特雷克斯轮式装载机市场中输入 1957 年较晚，与小刚架轮式装载机单元称为 L-7。古河 FL35I 4 x 4 铰接式装载机也许在轮式装载机的演变中的最重要里程碑之一是铰接架的介绍。厂商在俄勒冈州

3、波特兰首创这一技术在 1953 年模型 LD-5，在 1944 年，霍夫接着液压与第一个生产装载机驱动斗倾斜。这给了机器控制倾倒的能力，操作员可以接近低齿轮的一家银行和通过装载期间回倾斜桶铲充分的斗。1947 年，霍夫将推进轮式装载机发展再一次当公司开发了世界上第一个四轮驱动液压轮式装载机 HM 模型。模型仍被视为现代轮式装载机的先行者。制造可以引进与液压马达时它开发模型 H 轮式装载机在 1952 年的第一个轮式装载机和模型 HP 轮式装载机在 1957 年贷记。这些装载机了单一的集中装入的斗臂。公司，创办的，是另一家公司向美国市场介绍液压轮式装载机。这涉及紧固液压轮机制与液压动力向斗人群。

4、这一发展转型挖坑机几乎从机轮式装载机。前臂由于轮式装载机增加在上世纪 50 年代的大小，关切的安全的问题，特别是在装载机臂支点的定位。定位该运算符的背后，加载程序的武器，向上和向下，移动了接近的操作员。这所带来的问题。第一，动胳膊提出了只等待发生意外。第二，移动部件有限的营办商侧的可见性，尤其是在增高的位置。在上世纪 50 年代末，美国轮式装载机生产厂家的数目正在重新定位臂支点是操作员的前面，而不是后面的国家安全局与协作。霍夫是第一次来新的、 更安全的设计，与他们的模型何轮式装载机生产厂商之一。其他制造商迅速跟进在通过包括卡特彼勒于 1958 年，案件于 1959 年，阿利斯 查默斯在 196

5、1 年和 1962 年密歇根的前已装入数据透视。大型轮式装载机到 60 年代，轮式装载机生产趋势集中在较大的机器上更大的有效载荷能力。卡特彼勒推出其六立方院子后 (4.6 m3) 模型 998 1963 年，多项行业调查透露装载机要远远大于标准尺寸的五到六立方码 （3.8 至 4.6 m3） 的需要。市场苛刻的从加载工具更坚固耐用的移动性和大型轮式装载机被当作解决方案。制造商开始把防洪与大型大中型的轮式装载机市场。国际联合收割机 Hough 司建 H 400，与 10 立方码 (7.6 m3) 斗轮式装载机。其他厂商的反应包括卡特彼勒 992， 1200 和密歇根州的 475 10 立方码 (

6、7.6 m3) 斗生产装载机。多年来，该行业继续的有效载荷能力的极限。上世纪 70 年代，轮式装载机的一些展示了在 1975年工程机械博览会与增加有效载荷能力，否则不包括霍夫的 21 立方码 (16-m3) 580 业内见过和克拉克密歇根大规模 675 轮式装载机 24 立方码 (18.3 m3) 能力。 151986 年，有效载荷能力中的记录坏了当川崎重工有限公司为煤技术研究协会开发规模最大的轮式装载机，与日本的表面采矿设备 25 立方码 （19 m3） 的能力。最终，包括卡特彼勒、 小松和莱图尔诺其他制造商会深入研究制作装载机 20 立方码 （15.3 m3） 的能力。的遗产1988 小松

7、 WA600 1 L 轮是生产商的破纪录的重型装备建设的声誉。公司开发，并仍在世界中，L-2350年最大的轮式装载机的制造商。这个加载器主要用于表面采矿和拥有 2300 马力机和 80 吨、 53 立方码 (40.5 m3) 容量岩桶和漏钢的 266,000 磅力。高度、 驾驶室及充分提高，斗的顶部是惊人 43 英尺 9 英寸 (13.23 m)。这台机器被为了加载 300-400 吨加挖掘的卡车在四、 五刀路。勒图诺轮式装载机功能柴油电动传动的直流电动马达的每个车轮，由莱图尔诺自己开发的概念。20 世纪 60 年代，该公司开始生产齿条和驱动器通过传输的提升机和桶倾斜的权力很大电动装载机。首先

8、，这些巨大的齿条和马达非常商业上的成功由于没有铰接式转向的优势加载器的工业力量减弱。结果，很少有人真正建成。这样一个模型的是绰号的怪物和测量 52 英尺 （16 米） 长的 SL 40 模式。莱图尔诺轮式装载机的现今线被从 1968 年首次生产电驱动模型的 L 700 系列。L-700 是一系列的成功到今天大量生产的装载机先行的。机器已离开齿条和电机，但仍保留电驱动车轮。虽然和齿条电机轮式装载机凡不大卖，他们确实努力工作，已超过 20 年的生命周期。新进展今天，电气装载机存在的市场和函数具有相同的容量和多功能性为柴油发动机或汽油引擎轮式装载机。轮式装载机也有了一系列的摊子、 叉、 和扩大其任务

9、，包括轻拆除和隧道的不同大小的桶等附件。21 一些轮式装载机来配备骑控件，它允许更大的工作速度，在崎岖不平的表面上的。政府现正进行新的突破，在采用混合动力技术，减少燃料传输。2008 年 3 月沃尔沃亮相工程机械博览会生产前其 L220F 混合轮式装载机的原型。加载程序将提供燃料消耗减少 10%。技术沃尔沃集团内已经产生，并保持机密，并受专利。定于 2009 年底生产，L220F 将是该行业的第一个商用混合轮式装载机。沃尔沃还提出了名为的装载机的设计理念。这是关于未来愿景的轮式装载机可外观到 2020 年。有一个柴油混合动力汽车和电动马达。替换标准变速器、 动力传动系统可和车轴， 将功能电动马

10、达，它将使每个车轮内的运行更安静，比当前的模型。的出租车也是玻璃的独特的完全由将为经营者提供更大范围的所有边可见性。装载机是怎么工作的轮式装载机今天是组成的透视的框架，通常铰接式，与引擎安装上的后轮，和驾驶室或冠层停留的前端或后端框架。枢纽布置的机器是在给予轮式装载机的机动和小型车削圈工作能力的关键。1974 W14 轮装载机市场按其马力在分节。紧凑型轮式装载机装载机 80 马力或更少，并分类然后坏了相应地从 80 到 150 匹马力、 150 到 200 马力和 200 到 250 马力。供电从通过液力变矩器和动力转向齿轮，齿轮驱动车轮的柴油机。大多数轮式装载机，现要求所有车轮都是相同大小的

11、但太可在两轮驱动操作机器的四轮驱动。虽然前轮驱动使良好的牵引，执行完整的斗时，后轮驱动增强了机器的挖掘性能。说明书在设备行业一套规范标准用于衡量轮式装载机性能容量和处理某些构建应用程序的效用。这些包括斗功能包括桶和切削刃或牙齿、 废轮胎、 提供牵引能力的大小、 水松负载和配重、 速度和掘起力。掘起力是轮式装载机大部分引述规范，并提供轮式装载机挖能力的指示。历史一般服务和车间设施工程与制造分裂中期 1950 年代以来运作歌赋歌赋科技哈迈尔。自 1960 年代以来，1989 年，高达工程工作主要由歌赋歌赋科技哈迈尔制造司，其专门的希斯特和履带机器装配在进行。在八十年代作用已扩大到包括在房屋钢制作的

12、希斯特和卡特彼勒机的帧。这包括生产，从切割板加工的所有方面。这一工作成为可能的创新焊接固定装置由，以后建立了系统设计和规划的计算机化生产管理系统。机械装配在这段期间包括希斯特电动升降机卡车，H40XL 到 H275H 的机器。卡特彼勒机名称下建介乎 910 至 966 轮式装载机、 518 日志 Skidders 和 120 G/130 G 平地机。在 1988 年哈迈歌赋歌赋科技尔的基督城分公司被聘请条例草案管理生产的混凝土搅拌机。歌赋歌赋和哈迈尔现在占 70%的新西兰市场地下混凝土搅拌机。在大约这个时候，希斯特和履带机器能够导入到新西兰完全建立起来。哈迈歌赋歌赋科技尔的接近此铅制造司和工程

13、资源，然后在通过传递到哈迈歌赋歌赋科技尔的基督城分支。制造司的主要工作人员被转移到基督城分公司，和一些新的工作人员被聘请具有专门知识的范围。新的工作人员包括查理 · 格雷特巴奇、 歌赋工程工程经理和尼尔，机械加工车间领班。在 1990 年歌赋歌赋科技哈迈尔添加测井叉由设计的产品，其范围，以及大量的其他自定义设计的产品。在 1994 年歌赋工程被成立的哈迈歌赋、 歌赋科技尔专门设计的业务单位和水桶和日志叉、混凝土搅拌机、 混凝土批植物等现有歌赋歌赋科技哈迈尔产品的生产。自己设计的产品，作为歌赋工程还确立建设输送机、 回收箱和螺旋输送机项目钢加工商。在 1995 年歌赋工程包括资源和固体

14、建模的 3D CAD 程序于 1998 年。Cad 技术的引进改善歌赋工程产品设计的灵活性和不断增加的范围的产品，如自动配料的植物，导致水泥筒仓、 轮式装载机和挖掘机斗，以及自定义设计和生成项目。1996 年歌赋工程设立一个站点在奥克兰，其中迅速扩大，并需于 2000 年建成的新厂房。在 1999 年歌赋工程安装削减其不断增加的产品范围的南港岛最大数控铣刀。成果歌赋歌赋和哈迈尔五十多年建立了广泛的土方工程机械、 加工和建设行业品牌产品。从七十年代初到 1989 年歌赋歌赋科技哈默斯制造司装配履带机器与制造大量进口法规要求对轮式机械组件。在此期间成为同义卡特彼勒性能和质量。在八十年代初期制造部开

15、始内部钢制作的日志辋、 轮式装载机、 平地机的帧。进口规定而丢弃名称被应用到水桶、 日志叉和当前生产的歌赋工程的附件。我们所知道的最古老的产品是沼泽犁序列号 GH5000/5 位于附近布伦海姆布雷谢历史公园。我们仍有蓝色打印的副本应你需要一个。犁制造 1950 和是状况良好，无疑将会继续下去。布雷谢历史公园是值得一看的机械爱好者，因为集合包括所有的引擎类型大多数工作秩序。如： 裂具和刀片式服务器首先制造于 1966 年，随后在 1972 年与 950A 和 966 C 轮式装载机的程序集。在 1981 年增加了 930 和 920 轮式装载机。在此期间制作了不同的轮式装载机存储桶的数目。本地所

16、做的其他部分包括液压撞、 针脚和灌木丛和广泛的铸件。直到 80 年代钢制作的大部分是由当地的钢制品提供机器正在主要活动的大会。新型号获释制造司建立了自己的钢结构制作车间。950B 是第一次的新设计在 1984 年 ； 作出的履带机器主要捏造建包括斗、 举臂、 装载机框架、 不慎掉驾驶室和引擎的框架。其他生产的轮式装载机包括 966 D、 E、 950E、 936,926,916。在 1981 年 130 G 平地机被添加到 120g's年后跟的产品范围亦制作了 518 和 528。在 1989 年哈迈歌赋歌赋科技尔的制造司封闭，就能看到名称的如果不是基督城分公司提供聘请员工从制造的分工

17、，直到 1994 年歌赋工程成立时结束。在这段时间根据与卡特彼勒在 1996 年结束的修订的牌照协议制造的毛毛虫水桶。歌赋工程开始建设自己的图纸，目前提供超过 130 不同轮式装载机、 挖掘机水桶、 林业主体套件及广泛的定制产品。通过我们深入常被误认为自己的水桶授予允许自定义的绘图设计经济上生产的产品。1990 年第一个日志叉是设计后咨询与广泛的日志记录的承建商今天继续不断改善产品的过程。在 1995 年 3D CAD 绘图系统介绍后跟固体建模和 1999 年的内部数控仿形切割。歌赋工程是能够提供标准和定制设计及其历史和制造系统的后盾卡特彼勒机械产品。产品现在涵盖了广泛的应用和机器。附录二：外

18、文资料原文Wheel Loader Prototypes In the 1920s, small agricultural tractors were outfitted with a loader bucket for re-handling of light materials. This contraption served as the earliest prototype for the modern wheel loader. The earliest versions of the wheel loader were nothing more than a pivoting bu

19、cket and lift arms mounted on a farm-type tractor. A bucket was mounted on a tractor using wire ropes through a clutch-operated winch, and then dumped by gravity through a trip release mechanism. By the 1930s, a number of manufacturers were developing small wheel loaders by fastening buckets onto tr

20、actors. E.Boydell & Co., in Manchester England, was one of the first recorded makers of a bucket-mounted tractor with their Muir-Hill loader, a 0.5-cubic yard (0.4 m3) cable-controlled bucket mounted on a 28 horsepower Fordson Tractor. Rigid Frame Wheel Loaders In 1939, an engineer from Chicago

21、by the name of Frank G. Hough developed the first self contained, two-wheel drive, rubber tired, loader called the Hough Model HS. The machine had a bucket capacity of 1/3 cubic yard (0.25 m3). The bucket was dumped by gravity through a latch mechanism.Other manufacturers began to produce integrated

22、 four-wheel drive wheel loaders. Many of the first wheel loaders had rigid frames. Though these machines were integrated, their rigid frames limited maneuverability resulting in the machines to turn in large circles rendering them useless to operate in tight places.The first three wheel loaders deve

23、loped by Caterpillar, for example, had rigid frames. Other manufacturers like Euclid/ Terex entered the wheel loader market in 1957, rather late, with a small rigid frame wheel loader unit known as the L-7. Furukawa FL35I 4x4 Articulated Wheel Loader Perhaps one of the most significant milestones in

24、 the evolution of the wheel loader was the introduction of the articulated frame. Mixermobile Manufacturers in Portland, Oregon first pioneered this technology in 1953 with the Scoopmobile Model LD-5, In 1944, Hough went on to manufacture a loader with the first hydraulically actuated bucket tilt. T

25、his gave the machine the ability to control dumping and the operator could approach a bank in low gear and scoop a full bucket by tilting the bucket back during loading. In 1947, Hough would advance wheel loader development once again when the company developed the world's first four-wheel drive

26、 hydraulic wheel loader the HM Model. The model is still considered the forerunner for the modern wheel loader. Mixermobile Manufacturing can be credited with introducing the first wheel loaders with hydraulic motors when it developed the Model H wheel loader in 1952 and the Model HP wheel loader in

27、 1957. These loaders had a single centrally mounted bucket arm.The Tractomotive Corp., founded by Van Dobeus, was another company to introduce the hydraulic wheel loader to the U.S. market. This involved fastening a hydraulic wheel mechanism with hydraulic power to the bucket crowd. This development

28、 transformed the wheel loader virtually from a re-handling machine to a digging machine.Front Pivot Arm As wheel loaders increased in size through the 1950s, concern for safety arose, particularly in the positioning of the loader arm pivot. Positioned behind the operator, the loader arms, as they mo

29、ved up and down, were in close proximity to the operator. This posed problems. First, the moving arms presented an accident just waiting to happen. Second, the moving parts limited the operators' side visibility, particularly when in a raised position. In the late 1950s, a number of American whe

30、el loader manufacturers were working in collaboration with the National Safety Council to reposition the arm pivot to be in front of the operator rather than behind. Hough was one of the first manufacturers to come up with a new, safer design with the production of their Model HO wheel loader.Other

31、manufacturers quickly followed suit in adopting the front mounted pivot including Caterpillar in 1958, Case in 1959, Allis-Chalmers in 1961 and Michigan in 1962. Large-sized Wheel Loaders As the 1960s arrived, the trend in wheel loader production focused on larger machines with greater payload capac

32、ity. After Caterpillar launched their six-cubic yard (4.6-m3) Model 998 in 1963, a number of industry surveys revealed a need for loaders to be much larger than the standard size of five to six cubic yards (3.8 to 4.6 m3). The market was demanding more rugged mobility from loading tools and larger w

33、heel loaders were deemed the solution. Manufacturers began to flood the market with larger sized wheel loaders. Hough Division of International Harvester built the H-400, a wheel loader with a 10-cubic yard (7.6-m3) bucket. Other manufacturers responded by producing loaders with 10-cubic yard (7.6-m

34、3) buckets including Caterpillar's 992, the Scoopmobile 1200 and Michigan's 475. Over the years, the industry has continued to push the boundaries in terms of payload capacity. In the 1970s, a number of wheel loaders were showcased at 1975 CONEXPO with increased payload capacity not otherwis

35、e seen before in the industry including Hough's 21-cubic yard (16-m3) 580 Payloader and Clark-Michigan's massive 675 wheel loader with a 24-cubic yard (18.3-m3) capacity.15 In 1986, the record in payload capacity was broken when Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., developed the largest wheel loa

36、der with a 25-cubic yard (19-m3) capacity for Japan's Surface Mining Equipment for Coal Technology Research Association. Eventually, other manufacturers including Caterpillar, Komatsu, and LeTourneau would delve into making loaders with capacities of 20 cubic yards (15.3 m3). LeTourneau's Le

37、gacy 1988 Komatsu WA600-1L Wheel LoaderLeTourneau is a manufacturer that has a reputation of building record-breaking heavy equipment. The company developed and still manufacturers the largest wheel loader in the world, the L-2350.This loader is primarily used in surface mining and boasts a 2300 hor

38、sepower machine and an 80-ton, 53-cubic yard (40.5-m3) capacity rock bucket and a breakout force of 266,000 pounds. The height, to the top of the cab and bucket fully raised, is a staggering 43 feet and nine inches (13.23 m). The machine was designed to load 300- to 400-ton plus mining trucks in fou

39、r to five passes. Le Tourneau's wheel loaders feature diesel-electric drive with DC electric motors in each wheel, a concept developed by LeTourneau himself. In the 1960s, the company started producing very large electric loaders with power to the hoist and bucket tilt transmitted through a rack

40、-and-pinion drive. At first, these huge rack-and-pinion motors were not very commercially successful because the advantage of articulated steering was diminished due to the loader's industrial strength. As a result, few were actually built. One such model was the SL-40 model nicknamed the Monste

41、r and measuring 52 feet (16 m) long.The present day line of LeTourneau wheel loaders is derived from the L-700 series electrical drive model first produced in 1968. The L-700 was the forerunner to a series of successful loaders produced in large amounts to this day. The machines have departed from t

42、he rack-and-pinion motors but retain the electric drive wheels. Though the rack-and-pinion motor wheel loaders where not big sellers, they did prove to work hard and had a life cycle of more than 20 years. New Developments Today, electrical loaders exist on the market and function with much the same

43、 capacity and versatility as diesel engine or gasoline engine wheel loaders. Wheel loaders also come with a range of attachments such as grapples, forks, and buckets in varying sizes that expand their tasking to include light demolition and tunneling.21 Some wheel loaders come equipped with ride con

44、trol, which allows for greater operating speeds on bumpy surfaces. New breakthroughs in adopting hybrid technology to reduce fuel transmissions are underway. In March 2008, Volvo unveiled at CONEXPO, a pre-production prototype of its L220F Hybrid wheel loader. The loader will offer a 10 percent redu

45、ction in fuel consumption. The technology has been developed within the Volvo Group and remains confidential and subject to patents. Slated for production in late 2009, the L220F will be the industry's first commercially available hybrid wheel loader. Volvo also has come up with a design concept

46、 for a wheel loader called the Gryphin. It is the company's futuristic vision of what a wheel loader may look like well into the year 2020. The Gryphin has a hybrid diesel and electric power motor. Replacing the standard transmissions, drivelines, and axles, the Gryphin will feature electrical m

47、otors inside each wheel which will make it run quieter than current models. The cab of the Gryphin is also unique and entirely composed of glass that will provide the operator with a greater range of visibility on all sides. How it Works A wheel loader today is comprised of a pivoted frame, usually

48、articulated, with the engine mounted over the rear wheels, and a cab or canopy resting over the front or rear end frame. The pivot arrangement of the machine is key in giving the wheel loader the capability to maneuver and work in small turning circles. 1974 W14 Wheel LoaderWheel loaders are segment

49、ed in the market according to their horsepower. Compact wheel loaders are loaders with 80 horsepower or less, and then the classification is broken down accordingly from 80 to 150 horsepower, 150 to 200 horsepower and 200 to 250 horsepower.Power is supplied from a diesel engine through a torque conv

50、erter and power shift gears to drive the wheels. Most wheel loaders are now four-wheel drive requiring that all wheels be of the same size but the machines can be operated in two-wheel drive too. Rear wheel drive enhances the machine's digging capability while front wheel drive enables better tr

51、action when carrying a full bucket. Specifications In the equipment industry a set of specification criteria are used to measure a wheel loader's performance capacity and usefulness for handling certain construction applications. These include bucket features including the size of the bucket and

52、 cutting edges or teeth, tires and their ability to provide traction, tipping load and counterweight, speed, and breakout force. Breakout force is the most-quoted specification for wheel loaders and provides an indication of a wheel loader's digging ability. HistoryGeneral Services and Workshop

53、FacilitiesGough Gough & Hamer has operated Engineering and Manufacturing divisions since the mid 1950's. Since the 1960's and up to 1989, engineering work was carried out primarily by the Gough Gough & Hamer Manufacturing Division, which specialised in the assembly of Hyster and Cate

54、rpillar machines. In the 1980's the role was expanded to include in house steel fabrication of frames for Hyster and Caterpillar machines. This included all aspects of production, from cutting plate to machining. This work was made possible by innovative weld fixtures designed by Andrew Gallingt

55、on, who later established systems and planning for the computerised manufacturing management system. Machines assembled during this period include Hyster Electric Lift Trucks, H40XL up to H275H machines. Caterpillar machines built under the Fieldchief name ranged from 910 to 966 Wheel Loaders, 518 L

56、og Skidders and 120G/130G Graders.In 1988 Bill Cannell was employed by Gough Gough & Hamer's Christchurch branch to manage the production of Transmix Concrete Mixers. Gough Gough and Hamer now accounts for 70% of the New Zealand market in Transit Concrete Mixer. At about this time, Hyster an

57、d Caterpillar machines were able to be imported into New Zealand fully built up. This lead to the close of Gough Gough & Hamer's Manufacturing Division and the engineering resources where then passed over to Gough Gough & Hamer's Christchurch branch. The Manufacturing Division's

58、key staff were transferred to Christchurch branch, and a number of new staff were employed with specialised knowledge of the Transmix Range. the new staff included Charlie Greatbatch, Gough Engineering's Works Manager, and Neil Seales, the Machine Shop Forman. In 1990 Gough Gough & Hamer add

59、ed Fieldchief Logging Forks designed by Andrew Gallington to its range of products, as well as a number of other custom designed products. In 1994 Gough Engineering was established as a business unit of Gough, Gough & Hamer to specialise in the design and manufacture of existing Gough Gough & Hamer products such as Fieldchief Buckets and Log Forks, Transmix Concrete mixers and Concrete Batch Plants. As well as its own designed products, Gough Engineering also established itself as a