福师12秋《现代语言学》练习题

1、奥鹏远程教育中心助学服务部 福师12秋现代语言学练习题注：1、本课程练习题所提供的答案仅供学员在学习过程中参考之用，有问题请到课程论坛提问。2、本练习题页码标注所用教材为：教材名称单价作者版本出版社现代语言学概论20孙丽红2009年8月第1版福建师范大学自编教材如学员使用其他版本教材，请参考相关知识点I. Decide whether each statement is true (T) or false (F). 1. Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.2. There is a three-word sentence s

2、tage in first language acquisition.3. A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.4. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.5. Language is entirely arbitrary.

3、6. The naming theory of meaning was proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato.7. From a sociolinguistic perspective, a speech variety is no more than a dialectal variety of a language.8. Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem and change the art of speech of the original word.参考答案：FTFTFF T T 9. Mo

4、dern linguistics is mostly descriptive, but sometimes prescriptive.10. Language is only linearly-structured.11. Linguistic performance is essentially a social phenomenon but not a context-dependent behavior.12. General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and method

5、s applicable in any linguistic study.15. Some languages are superior to other languages. 16. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.17. Distinctive features are the same to any language.18. In English, if a word begins with a l or r, then the next sound must be a vowel.参考答案： T F F

6、T F T F T II. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. 1. The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and the end of _.A. tongue B. hard palate C. soft palate D. vocal cords2. Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so forth are cal

7、led _ morphemes.A. inflectional B. bound C. free D. derivational3. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as _. A. performance B. language acquisitionC. cultural transmission D. compe

8、tence4. The sound s and z are the results of air escaping under frication between tongue and _ before passing through the teeth.A. hard palate B. uvula C. alveolar ridge D. soft palate5. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic geography B. Applied ling

9、uisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Comparative linguistics6. Vowels that are produced between the positions for a front and back vowel are called _ vowels.A. open B. close C. front D. central7. A scientific study of language is based on the _ investigation of language data. A. symbolic B. systemic C. sys

10、tematic D. system8. The description of a language at some point in time is a _ study. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. historical D. comparative参考答案：CADAB D C A 11.The vowel u: in fu:d (food) is _ vowel.A. back B. front C. unrounded D. central12.Application of the transformational rules yields _ struc

11、ture.A. phrase D. deep C. prelexical D. surface 13. Of all the speech organs, the _ is / are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords14. Transformational rules do not change the basic _ of sentences. A. form B. structure C. sound pattern D. meaning13. _ variation of language is t

12、he most discernible and definable in speech variation.A. Regional B. Social C. Stylistic D. Idiolectal14. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _.A. minimal pairs B. allophones C. phones D. allomorphs 15. _ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usua

13、lly obtained in school settings.A. Competence B. Performance C. Learning D. Acquisition16. _ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.A. Speaking B. Speech C. Sound D. Spoken参考答案： A D C D A B C B III. Dissect the following words into morphemes. 1. though _thou-gh_2. speec

14、hes _speech-es_3. geography _ge-ogra-phy_4. meaningless _mean-ing-less_5. mistreatment _mis-treat-ment_6. treated _treat-ed_7. teachers _teach-er-s_考核知识点：morpheme，参见P19-22例如Refreshment (re-fresh-ment)IV. Define the following terms.1. the telegraphic stage 参考答案： The telegraphic stage refers to the pe

15、riod when children start to make twoword utterance2. language 参考答案： A language is a system of communication which consists of a set of sounds and written symbols which are used by the people of a particular country or region for talking or writing.3. consonant参考答案： consonant are sounds made by a clo

16、sure or narrowing somewhere in the vocal tract so that airflow is either completely blocked，or so restricted that audible friction is produced(iemanner of articulation)and the sounds may or may not involve the vibration of the vocal folds.4. pidgin 参考答案：A marginal contact language with a limited voc

17、abulary and reduced grammatical structures, used by native speakers of other languages as a means of business communication. 5. discreteness 参考答案：Discreteness of language refers to the property of language that the symbols at the lower level all have definable boundaries, allowing variations in form

18、 but no gradation or continuity in identity. 6. intonation 参考答案：the total pattern of pitch changes, i.e., the rise and fall of the voice during soeech.7. discourse analysis 参考答案：is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.8. vowel 参考答案：The sounds in

19、the production of which no articulators come very close together and the air stream passes through the vocal tract without obstruction are called vowelV. Answer the following questions. 1. Why do we say language is arbitrary?参考答案：Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connecti

20、on between the sounds that people use and the objects to which these sounds refer. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is a good illustration of the arbitrary nature of language. It is only our tacit agreement of utterance and concept at work and not any innate

21、 relationship bound up in the utterance. A typical example to illustrate the “arbitrariness” of language is “a rose by any other nave would small as sweet”. 2. Explain sense and reference with some examples. 参考答案：Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic from. It is the collecti

22、on of all the features of the linguistic from; it is abstract and de-contextualized. For example, the sense of the word “dog” is “a domesticated canine mammal, occurring in many breeds that show a great variety in size and form.” It does not refer to any particular dog that exists in the real world,

23、 but as to any animal that meets the features described in the definition.Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. If we say “The dog is barking,” we must be talking about a certain dog existent in the situation; the word “dog” refers to a dog known to both the spe