现在完成时态的用法及与一般过去时态的区别(共5页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上现在完成时态的用法及与一般过去时态的区别Step1知识讲解一现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词， 表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如： I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。 （“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）A) 现在完成时常用的时间状语有：already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处） never (“从不” 用于中间处) ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处） just(“刚刚” 用于中间处) yet(“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处

2、 / “还” 用于否定句的末尾处) B) 或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.二. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响； 一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years.我在这儿已教了十五年（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到

3、现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）练习：I翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ Have you ever eaten fish and chips?2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 I have just lost my chemistry book.3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 I have never been to that farm before.4.他已经吃过午饭了。 He has had lunch.5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？ Have you seen this film ye

4、t?6.我哥哥还没回来。 My brother hasnt been back yet.7.我上星期看过这部电影。 I saw this film last week.8.在1992年他住在这里。 He was here in 1992.II 用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.” “When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last

5、 week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) t

6、o the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .” “Where _ you _ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.” “When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”三. Since 和 for 的用法 表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。 Since+过去点的时间，fo

7、r+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。1)、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如： Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。 Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。2)、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如： We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年

8、了。 I havent seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。练习：用since和for填空1) _ two years 2) _ two years ago 3) _ last month 4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday6) _ 4 oclock 7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known

9、 him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.四 .短暂性转换延续性 arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1)He got

10、 to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2)I moved to the USA last year. I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3)I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4)They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _. come/go back, return be back come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _

11、_.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be1)I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open1)The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2)The door opened at six in t

12、he morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours. get up be up die be dead leave sw. be away from sw. fall asleep/get to sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married1)I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2)He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002.My gran

13、dpa _ _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6)They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began tw

14、o minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep lose not havebuy have put on wear catch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1)They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2)I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3)I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4)I put on my glasse

15、s three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _. have/has gone to have been in1)He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the league in 20

16、02.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2)My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.五. have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法(一)、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如

17、：since, for, how long 等。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad(2) 、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用， 例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。 Ma

18、ry has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？ have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。(3) 、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场， 一般不用第一、第

19、二人称代词作句子的主语。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。I. 用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1)Where is Jack? He _ his country.2)David _ the park just now.3)John _ England since he came back.4)How long _ you _ this village?5)T

20、he Smiths _ Beijing for years.6)_ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7)I _ this school since three years ago.8)Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9)When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) He often _ swimming.12) _ you _ there last ye

21、ar?13) _ they often _ skating in winter?课堂练习：综合练习: I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4.“Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen

22、it.”5.“Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”II. 翻译下列句子：1.他们已经打扫了教室吗？_2.我们已经认识有二十年了。_3.打那以后，她一直住在这。_4.“你曾经到过那里吗？”_ “不，我从来没到过那里。”_III. 用适当的时态填空：1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (