变送器论文：基于AVR单片机的变送器研究与开发

1、变送器论文：基于AVR单片机的变送器研究与开发【中文摘要】变送器是现代工业控制系统中的一种重要设备,传统变送器采用模拟电路设计,其抗干扰能力差、缺乏控制功能的缺点越来越不能满足工业现场的要求。随着计算机技术和现代总线技术的快速发展,以单片机为核心,基于CAN总线的新型智能变送器取代传统变送器势在必行。本课题是以全自动捆扎机中传统变送器改造为背景,本文针对设计要求,提出了具有测量、控制、通讯功能的变送器设计方案。本文选用金钟衡器的DCD-500作为传感器,采用ATmegal6作为微处理器,进行了硬件和软件设计。硬件设计包括单片机模块、传感器模块、温度测量模块、电源模块、运算放大模块、V/I转换模

2、块、液晶模块、A/D转换模块、通讯模块。软件设计包括主程序设计、液晶显示程序设计、键盘输入程序设计、温度测量程序设计、A/D转换程序设计。从系统可靠性角度出发,选用中位值平均滤波算法进行软件滤波。通过第三方软件VB调试完成了用户交互界面设计。分析了目前变送器零点漂移产生原因,参考应用了目前常用的两种零点漂移消除方法：基线零点漂移补偿法和斜率零点漂移补偿法。针对变送器的非线性误差,采用曲线拟合的最小二乘法进行误差补偿。通过单片机软件设计实现点漂移补偿法和非线性补偿法。针对变送器控制的对象要求,本文采用CMAC与PID并行控制的算法,通过凑试法得到PID的三个参数,并通过编写MATLAB程序进行仿

3、真实验。通过对传统变送器在实际应用进行测试,然后对新型变送器进行测试,对比实验数据可以得出,新型变送器抗干扰能力增强,测量精度提高。【英文摘要】Transmitter is an important device in modern industrial control systems, with the analog Circuit, the disadvantage of the traditional transmitter in lacking of control and Poor anti-interference ability couldnt meet the usersreq

4、uirment。With the amazing development of network and automation technology, the new smart transmitter which bases on CAN bus and MCU to replace the traditional transmitter is imperative.This subject is based on transforming traditional transmitter for automatic strapping machine. The new instrument s

5、hould not only have the communication function and control function, but also possess the fundamental measurement capability. This paper selects DCD-500 of jinzhong electronic scale company as the sensor. It has exploited the AT product:ATmegal6 microprocessor, and has conducted hardware and softwar

6、e design. Hardware design including the microcontroller module, the sensor module, the temperature measurement modules, the power module, and the operational amplifier module, the V/I conversion module, the LCD module, the A/D conversion module and the communication module. The software design inclu

7、ding main program design, liquid crystal display program design, the keyboard program design, temperature measurement program design and A/D conversion program design. From the Angle of system reliability, it chooses the median value average filtering algorithm as the software filter. Through third-

8、party software Settings, it enable the transmitter communicate to the bus monitoring room.The reasons of zero drift in transmitter were analyzed in this thesis. This paper applies two currently used methods to eliminate zero drift. The two methods are Zero baseline drift compensation method and the

9、slope of the zero drift compensation method. In order to eliminate the nonlinear error of the transmitter, the least squares curve fitting method was used in this paper. Through designing the software, it achieves point drift compensation method and the nonlinear compensation method.Considering the

10、requirements of the transmitter control object, this paper exploits CMAC and PID control algorithm in parallel. It can get the three Parameters of PID through the test methods, and writes matlab program to simulate.Through testing the traditional transmitter and the new transmitter in practical appl

11、ication, it can obtain that the new transmitter has solved the anti-interference problem of the transmitter through adapting the digital signals transmission and has improved the reliability.【关键词】变送器 单片机 零点漂移 非线性补偿 CMAC与PID【英文关键词】transmitter MCU Zero drift nonlinear compensation CMAC and PID【目录】基于AV

12、R单片机的变送器研究与开发摘要9-10ABSTRACT10-11第1章 绪论12-181.1 课题背景12-131.2 国内变送器的发展情况13-141.3 国外变送器发展情况14-151.4 现场总线技术仪表的发展15-161.5 课题来源16-171.6 课题主要研究内容171.7 本章小结17-18第2章 变送器硬件设计18-342.1 单片机模块18-202.1.1 AVR单片机介绍18-202.1.2 Atmega16模块设计202.2 传感器模块20-222.3 温度测量模块DS18B2022-242.3.1 DS18B20简介22-232.3.2 温度测量电路设计23-242.4

13、 电源模块24-252.4.1 LM2576简介24-252.4.2 电源电路设计252.5 运算放大模块25-272.6 A/D转换模块272.7 液晶模块27-282.8 V/I转换模块28-292.8.1 AD694简介28-292.8.2 V/I转换模块电路设计292.9 通信模块29-322.9.1 CAN总线技术介绍29-302.9.2 CAN总线协议30-312.9.3 CAN总线硬件设计31-322.10 本章小结32-34第3章 变送器的零点漂移及非线性补偿算法34-403.1 零点漂移补偿算法34-363.2 变送器的温度误差与非线性补偿36-393.3 本章小结39-40第4章 变送器软件设计40-524.1 单片机主程序设计40-414.2 液晶显示程序设计41-424.3 键盘输入程序设计42-434.4 温度测量程序设计43-454.5 A/D转换程序设计45-464.6 软件滤波算法设计46-474.7 CAN通讯设计47-494.7.1 初始化47-484.7.2 数据发送484.7.3 数据接收48-494.8 工业组态软件监控49-514.8.1 组态王介绍494.8.2 组态王监控设计49-514.9 本章小结51-52第5章 控制算法52-625.1 PID控制52-535.2 CMAC(神经网络)53-575.2.1 CMAC神经网