新课标初中英语写作指导

1、英语写作是学生学习的一个盲点,缺乏对写作的专门训练和反思,老师的工作量大,造成作文讲评大多数时候只谈现象,因此学生学得也不具体、不深入,忽略写作技能的提高,甚至误认为只要句子结构正确,无单词拼写错误就应该得满分。同学们应该走出对英语写作认识上的误区。那么怎样才能写出一篇优秀作文,而在中考中获取高分呢?一、写作决窍总体把握,要点齐全;人称时态,逻辑清楚;关键词汇,动词第一;组词成句,结构完整;组句成文,连词增色;此路不通,绕道迂回;字迹工整,留好印象;从句适量,高分有望。二、写作步骤1.认真审题。审题包括要点、格式、词数以及此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息,告诫读者什么(即写作目的。2.确定文体

2、和时态。确定文体后,根据不同文体的特点和要求进行组织材料;同时确定出该篇文章的总时态与时态的变化。3.写完要点,但不随意发挥。4.先草稿,后抄写。三、习作点评2004年全国中学生英语能力竞赛初赛初三组 (14分Choose one of your hobbies and write an article for the school magazine about it. Tell the magazine readers.·What exactly your hobby is;·When and how you became interested in this hobby

3、;·Why you enjoy your hobby;·About your hopes and plans for the future.写作要求:1.根据所提供的内容,适当拓展想象空间,灵活地将提供的信息体现在文章中。2.条理清楚,语句通顺,书写清晰、规范。3.词数60-80.学生习作AMy hobby is read books.When I was seven years old.I became interested in reading books.I like needing books because there are a lot of useful th

4、ings in books.I can learn a lot of knowledge from books. Books alsocan teach me how to be a good person.Books even can solve many problems for me.I will read more good books to improve myself.改为reading books,动词作表语时应该用动名词。also的位置应放在can之后。点评:档次9-11分。要点不全,漏掉最后一个要点。句子基本无误,能正确传递信息给读者但文章不流畅,句子与句子之间过渡不自然,给

5、读者感觉在回答上述问题。有少量错误。学生习作BMy hobby is reading.Reading books is very enjoyable.When I was young ,my mother used to tell me a story before.I went to bed every night.The stories were so interesting that I always felt they werent enough.So I began to read books by myself.Little by little I became intereste

6、d inreading.I can learn much knowledge and many interesting things all over the world.When I read books,I can enjoy the beautiful sentences.At the same time I can improve my writing.I want to bea writer in the future,so I must study hard and read more books so that my dream can come true.开门见山、点题。真情流

7、露,理由充分。文中带圈的连词使用得恰当,使文章过渡自然、巧妙使用句型以表决心。点评:档次13-14分。清楚表达写作目的,要点齐全。语言表达灵活多样,字里行间流露出真情实感,文章有感染力。恰当使用连词和从句,语言流畅,且无错误,是一篇高质量的作文。高分突破文体:记叙文。要点:what when how why hope and plan for the future.时态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时的自然变化。内容具有开放性,但它也是“控制性”的写作试题,因此不能随意发挥,要善于抓信息,写完要点。选用这两篇学生真实习作,一是因为他们选材相同,二是因为他们都是英语成绩优秀的同学。同学B灵活

8、使用连词sothat,so,little by little,when,so that等,恰到好处地使用新句型和短语used to,became interested in,come true等,使内容丰富,读起来优美流畅。其实这些表达同学A也会,只是缺乏技术加工。通过这两篇作文点评,同学们便能悟出其中的奥妙。四、培养途径1.根据老师布置的写作内容,独立完成一篇写作。2.与同伴合作,交流自己的写作,通过交流找出各自作文中写得好的地方和优美的句子,合作创造一篇新的文章,供大家欣赏。3.找老师点评,请求老师指点,尤其是怎样润色。4.自己纠错,写下反思。五、备考演练A缙云山是重庆著名的游览胜地,每天

9、有大量的游客。请你根据下面提供的信息写一篇报道,说明现在的游客在环境保护方面的变化。写作要求:1.词数在100左右。2.条理清楚,语句通顺。3.开头已写好,但不计入总词数。Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest B阅读电视广告词:“If we dont save water,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.”根据提示,写一篇60-80词的短文。提示:1.生活离不开水。2.可饮用水在减少。3.水污染严重。4.应保护水源,再利用水。思路点拨与参考答案A. 思路点拨:文体:记叙文。时态:一般过去

10、时态,一般现在时态。采用正反对比的写作手法,增加感染力。写作目的:告诉读者保护环境的重要性。Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest.Every day a lot of tourists come here to enjoy its beauty. But a few years ago,some of them paid no attention to protecting the environment.They threw their rubbish,such as plastic bags,fruit skins and waste

11、paper on the ground.Sometimes they broke trees,picked flowers and killed birds. Some even made fires in the woods to cook food.How dangerous it was.Luckily,great changes have taken place here.Tourists are used to putting their rubbish into dustbins,and they are doing their best to protect the birds

12、and plants as well.They bring their own meals instead of cooking to prevent starting a forest fire in the mountains.All these changes make us very happy.B. 思路点拨:夹叙夹议(说明现状,谈谈感想。时态:一般现在时态。广告词的含义水很重要,应保护和再利用(写作意图。Water is very important to humans.We cant live without water.The water we can drink is fal

13、ling.But some people dont seem to care about it.They waste a lot of water.They pour dirty water into rivers and lakes.Water pollution is getting more and more serious.So we must do something to stop the pollution.We not only protect the water but also find ways to reuse it.If we dont do this,the las

14、t drop of water will be a tear-drop.如何提高英语书面表达作者:佚名发布时间:2007-09-20 19:33:23 浏览次数:18大家好。很荣幸有这个机会和大家共同探讨如何提高英语书面表达的问题。英语书面表达是一个最能真实全面地反映学生的英语基础和综合能力的题型。随着近几年高考对考生英语写作能力的要求逐步提高,如何提高英语表达能力,已经成为摆在我们教师面前的一个重要课题。下面我代表牟平一中把我们学校的一些做法向大家介绍一下,不足之处,欢迎在座的领导老师批评指正。为了切实提高学生的写作水平,我们从学生高一入学开始就制定措施,稳扎稳打,步步提高。在基础年级,我们

15、是这样做的。一、注重双基,由浅入深Rome isnt built in a day. 写作能力的培养和提高也是这样,并不是一蹴而就的,它必须由浅入深,由简到繁,一环扣一环的进行训练。因此在高一时,我们就按照英语特点和遣词造句的规则对学生加强词汇教学和口、笔头表达训练。比如,在每单元学完后我都注意把学过的句型词汇改成短句,要学生翻译,这不仅巩固了基础知识,还为以后的书面表达打下扎实的基础。写好简单句之后,进而到复合句、段落,再到语篇。如在高二Unit 5 The British Isles 一单元学完后,我把其中的重要词汇和句型编成句子让学生翻译。然后又让他们加入适当的关联词,使之成为一篇通顺流

16、畅的文章,效果很好。(例文如下An officials new car ran over an old lady .He escaped being punished by taking advantage of his position.This caused a bad influence among the citizens.A group of five lawyers undertook the case.They won the case on an equal basis.An officials new car ran over an old lady .But he esca

17、ped being punished by taking advantage of his position,which caused a bad influence among the citizens.A group of five lawyers undertook the case.At last they won the case on an equal basis.二、以课文为中心,进行多种形式的训练新教材内容突出培养学生的语言运用能力和交际能力,体裁广而新,内容生动有趣,在提高写作能力方面提供了更广的思路。因此,我们在课文教学中根据不同的文章特点,采用不同方式,锻炼他们的写作能力

18、。1课堂提问及回答问题。对于课文中的问题,也注意采用不同的方式。如在熟悉掌握课文的基础上,用简洁语句完整地回答与课文有关的问题。这类问题往往比较简单。对于归纳和讨论性的话题,鼓励更多学生参与,并启发他们通过不同方式回答。这既锻炼了学生的思维,又训练了他们在短时间内有效组织材料的能力。例如,在学过Living With AIDS 一文后,我提出如下话题供大家讨论:How should we treat people living with AIDS? 学生可以有We should love them .We should not look down upon them.We shouldnt l

19、et the fear of AIDS cut us off from the people we care about.We should help them fight against AIDS.等等类似表达。2口头复述。在学完一篇课文或某一段落时,可给出关键词语或根据图片简述,既加深了对课文的理解,又训练了学生的口语。同时也是一种很好的口头作文的训练方式。如在讲到高二册The British Isles 时,我就让学生根据多媒体上展示的英国图片和重点词语提示,复述英国的地理位置。lie off/separate from/at one point/consist of/consist o

20、f3仿写或改写课文。模仿写作是最基本的一种写作练习手段,有助于训练语感,锻炼思维能力,提高写作能力。如在讲授高二Unit 7 Diagnosed With Cancer时,我要求学生根据文中作者“我”的经历,给一位确诊感染AIDS的中学生Tom写一封信,鼓励重塑对生活的信心。Dear Tom,Im sorry to hear that you are infected with HIV.Im writing to you,hoping that I can be of some help.I was diadnosed with cancer 2 years ago.When I heard

21、about the news,I stood there having an empty feeling in my stomach.I felt I was going to die.When the doctor told me that cancer could be treated,I decided I was to live.With the help of my family and friends,I managed to get over the m ost difficult period.After 14 months radiation followed by trea

22、tment with chemicals,I was able to go home.Now,my life has changed.Though I know the cancer in my body may come back at any moment,Ive learnt to appreciate every minute of each day.Because living with cancer has made me realize how precious life id and how important it is for us to take every chance

23、 to live life to the fullest.So,Tom,though were living with diseases,we still have the chance and right to enjoy life.A disease can be a gift if you have a right attitude to it.You are a middle school student,there is a long way for you to go.I hope you can struggle with HIV bravely,and live a meani

24、ngful life. YoursXX4加强朗读和背诵俗话说,“熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟。”学英语也是如此。Nothing should be written before it has been read. 通过朗读和背诵,不仅可以增强语感,而且可以积累大量有用的词汇,在进行书面表达时就能做到信手拈来。我经常把课本中的某些精彩的篇章、段落找出来和同学们一起分析其特点,激发他们背诵的欲望。除此之外,我还鼓励同学将平时所见的好词佳句加以搜集整理,并经常诵读。通过不断输入吸收,在写作时就自然而然可以思如泉涌,下笔有神。经过高一高二的训练,学生的表达水平有了明显提高。进入高三,书面表达方面,我

25、们主要做了四个工作。一、加大训练量。每天坚持让学生翻译几个句子,就字词,各种句式进行练习。针对学生组织语言文字的能力的欠缺,选定某些文章挑出其中某几句或某一段进行训练。另外,每周周三考试和星期天作业随堂写。二、大量朗读背诵范文。三、体裁专题训练。进入高三我们订购了写作分类指导,针对某一文体进行专门训练。通过训练使学生在表达某一体裁时,掌握固定结构或好的表达。如在讲评学生作弊原因的文章中,我给学生总结出表述原因时常用句型:There a re some reasons for this.First,Second(Besides,Whats moreis also a reason.,which

26、is also a reason.One reason is thatThe main reason lies in随后,我又找了一篇文章,截取其中写原因一节,强化训练,学生灵活运用了总结的句型,写的并不比范文逊色。四、我们依据高考书面表达评分标准,针对学生的薄弱环节,进行专门训练。在写作过程中,我们发现学生主要在如下方面存在问题:关联词过渡语、句式不能灵活使用、汉语式表达多。针对以上问题,我们主要采取分阶段专门练习。关联词和过渡语是联系文章的纽带,正确使用会使整篇文章流畅连贯。我们主要从两方面对学生加以指导。1印发了常用关联词供学生背诵。2在训练中提高。语言不是孤立的,要想提高,必须在一定的

27、语境中体会。如下面的句子:政府对残疾人很照顾,改善了公共设施。我希望高考会给我们提供更多机遇。学生是这样表达的。The government shows its care to us in its efforts to improve the public facilities.I also hope the new reform of the college entrance examination will offer us more opportunities to study further. 在讲评中,我让学生考虑两种改法,使原句更生动。在原文中加一个表达感情的短语。To our j

28、oy/Fortunately,the government has done a lot to improve the public facilities,which shows their care to/for the disabled.I also hope that把这一节改成一句话,让学生填空。Though the government shows its care to us in its efforts to improve the public facilities,I still hope the new reform of the college entrance exam

29、ination will offer us more opportunities to study further.随后,又给出其他的英语范文,空出过渡语句部分让学生填写。这样的训练学生既感兴趣,针对性又很强，学生经过一段时间提高很快。 二 句式 根据高考英语书面表达新的评分标准， 要求考生注意表达方式的灵活性， 所用词汇和句式的 高级性，语言的简洁性。这也是大部分学生所欠缺的。 ）灵活且高级。 如在描写一副现代父母对孩子的溺爱的图片时，学生写出了下面一句话： Mother is in front of the boy and Grandma is at the back.Mother is

30、holding all kinds of food which the child likes eating.Grandma is carrying the electronic piano and the drawing-board. 在讲评时，我鼓励学生把它改成一个复合句使其句式更灵活高级。 In front of the child is his mother,who is carrying a lot of food for him and behind them is his grandmother,who is carrying an electronic piano and a

31、drawing-board. His mother is walking in front with a lot of food in her hand.While his grandma is following them with a drawing-board on her back and an electronic piano in her hand. 又如，在一篇关于学生作弊原因的文章中，有学生这样写道： There are some reasons for this.First,there are too many difficult examinations.Second,so

32、me students dont work hard and are too lazy to study.Whats more,to please their parents and teachers is also an important reason. 这一段落语法没什么问题，但因句式单一，整段显得很枯燥单调。如能对其中某一部分稍微 发挥一下,或者换用一些高级词汇和句型穿插使用，感觉就很不一样。 Eg. Some students find it hard to deal with so many difficult exams.And some lazy students dont w

33、ork hard,so they turn to cheating for higher marks.There are also some cheating for good results to please their parents and teachers. ）简洁而不单调 鼓励学生使用高级表达，也不能一味追求新、奇、难， 任何事情过了头都会导致失败。 在这里我们要求简洁并不等于简单。 若整篇文章所用的都是 简单孤立的的短句，不仅达不到简洁的效果，反而显得松散，单调，从而降低了文章的可读 性。因此，根据文章的需要采用不同形式，才能收到更好的表达效果。 避免内容和用词的重复。学生在这方

34、面主要表现在对于要求自己组织语句表达（如看 图作文）时，往往废话较多，不知所云。如下文： The bus returned to the city at 4:30p.m. （Later we went home.）It was a long trip but we didnt feel tired. 2.We took a bus at 7:30 and （after one and half an hoursjourney we） arrived at 9:00 oclock.As soon as we arrived,we couldnt help going to swim and ro

35、wing small boats. 2长短句结合使用。过多的简单句罗列会使文章显得单调无趣。过多的长句也会使文章生 涩做作。以介绍学生负担过重原因的文章为例，(三个原因：考试压力大，作业多，父母期 望高 为了避免多次出现系表结构，我建议学生 用一个复合句，两个简单句。因为材料中 名词结构多，可考虑将某一个改成动宾结构 , 从而使其结构更紧凑。学生例文如下: There are some reasons for this.First, we are suffering high pressure of examinations .Too much homework is also a reaso

36、n.Third,parents expect too much of us,which also adds to our pressure. 主动语态和被动语态穿插使用。 There used to be some valuable paintings in the museum. A big fire destroyed them last week. There used to be some valuable paintings in the museum,which were destroyed in a big fire last week. 三 汉语式表达 在训练中我们发现，学生的

37、汉语式表达主要在两个阶段。表现在两方面。 1）表达不地道。有些句子虽然没有错误，但不符合英语表达习惯。如学生在英语表达中， 经常容易把不定式 to 介于动词之间连续使用。很多情况下，这在英语中是不地道的。针对 这一问题，我把正确表达和错误表达放在一起，让学生对比选择。 1.A.We took a bus to a beach about 100 kilometres south to have a trip. B.We took a bus to a beach about 100 kilometres south for an outing. .A.In the afternoon we w

38、alked along the beach to the waterfall to see it,and took some photos. B. In the afternoon we walked along the beach to the waterfall,saw it,and took some photos C. In the afternoon we walked along the beach to the waterfall,where we enjoyed the beautiful sight and took some photos. D.We walked alon

39、g the beach to see the waterfall.It was so beautiful that it reminded me of LiBais poem.We also took some photos there. 对比之后，又给学生总结：英语中有些词很少和不定式连接( bring/take/carry/go/come ,一般 要改成并列结构(and或 for +名词,with 结构,doing/done 结构,从句等.接着，又给出一些例句 让学生进一步练习。 2）用词不当。由于英汉语言习惯的不同，同一个词在不同语言不同语境中的表现形式是不 一样的。 所以， 我们在教学中， 一方面鼓励学生多学习有关英美国家的风俗习惯， 另一方面， 通过大量练习提高水平。以一篇口头通知为例（通知学生今夜到明天有强北风，温度骤降， 要求学生关好门窗，多加衣服。，学生对于“好” ，“要求 ”， “加” 等词把握不准，影响 ） 了表达。 Ma