高中英语语法之从句篇(简单-实用-短期内搞定英语从句)(共23页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 英语语法之从句一.名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，一个从句在整个句子中充当名词的作用，它可以作为主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。名词性从句主要分为四种：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句。1. Who will win the match is unknown. 2. I want to know what he has told you.3. The fact is that he had won the game.4. The news that we won the game is exciting.(一)宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中做及物动词的宾语，或用

2、作介词和某些表示心理活动的形容词后作宾语，或是用it 作为形式宾语代表宾语从句。例:1. I think that it will be of no use.2. It depends on whether the boss will agree to you or not.宾语从句的连接词：that,（常用且一般可省略）who, what, whether/if（是否）which, whoever, whatever ，when, where, how, why.(连接词的选择要看从句的具体意思需要)例：1. I know that you are a teacher.2. I wonder

3、 if/ whether you are Mr Li.3. Do you know what I will do next?4. I can guess which team will win.5. I dont know when he will come.6. I dont know where he has gone.7. They dont know how they should help me.8. Please give the book to whoever likes it.Attention:宾语从句的语序一定是正常的语序，即陈述句的语序，先主语后谓语。 I dont kn

4、ow who are you. (X)I dont know who you are. ()从句的时态需跟主句相配合。主句为一般现在时，从句可根据需要选择各种时态；主句为一般过去时时，从句通常用过去的时态。介词后的宾语从句，引导词一般不用which，if，that，但可用what（常用， 常常是充当从句的主语，宾语或表语），how, whether等引导。that在所有的名词性从句中都不充当成分，在宾语从句中that可以省略。 （二）主语从句 1.Whose watch was lost is unknown.2.What we need is time.3.Whom we must stud

5、y for is a question of great importance.4.Whether we will go for an outing remains unknown.5.That he finished writing the composition surprised us all.1.主语从句的连接词：1）从属连词（从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用）：that，whether等.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。注意: 已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导.That he will come is ce

6、rtain.Whether it will please them is not easy to say.2)连接代词（在从句中充当主语，宾语，或表语）who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.Whoever comes is welcome. Whatever I have is yours.3)连接副词 when（从句中作时间状语） where （从句中作地点状

7、语） how （从句中作方式状语） why（从句中作原因状语）Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.2. 主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.如： 1）. That we shall be late is certain. - Its certain that we shall be late.2）. That the earth

8、 is round is known to all. - Its known to all that the earth is round.用it作形式主语的that从句有以下几种不同的搭配：1.It + be + 形容词 that从句2.It + be + -ed分词 that从句3. 主语从句需注意的问题1）.“if” 通常不能引导主语从句，要用“whether”引导。2）.主语从句中用陈述句语序3）.主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。That price will go up is certain.4）.主语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数 That they havent phoned

9、 is strange.5）.主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。6）.如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.7）.用于It is important / natural / necessary /impossible that.句型中, 主语从句谓语动词

10、用“（should） + 动词原形”的形式, should可以省略。例： It is imporant we (should) believe him.8）. 在it + be + suggested/ advised/ required/ ordered/ requested/ insisted that句型中 从句谓语动词也用“（should） + 动词原形”的形式.例： It is suggested that we (should) go there by bus.9）. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，

11、而that 则不然。例如：A： What you said yesterday is right.What在此引导主语从句,又做said的宾语B： That she is still alive is a consolation。That 只起连接作用,不做成分（三）表语从句1.定义：放在be动词和系动词后的从句。The question is who will do it. 2.可接表语从句的连系动词有be（is, am, are, was, were）, look, seem, sound, appear，remain, become, get等。 China is no longer w

12、hat she used to be. The question remains whether they will be able to help us. At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.3.表语从句的引导词1）. 从属连词whether, as, as if / though引导的表语从句.if不能引导表语从句。 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. It sounds as if someone is knocking a

13、t the door. 2）. because, why引导的表语从句Thats because he didnt understand me. Thats why he got angry with me. The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. （的原因是）3）. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, why The problem is whom we can get t

14、o replace her. The question is how he did it.  That was what she did this morning on reaching the classroom.This is where our problem lies.4）. 从属连词that。that在表语从句中不充当句子成分，没有任何意义, 也不能省略。The trouble is that I have lost his address.4、使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示“意愿，建议、劝告、命令”含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” should

15、可省略。常见的这些名词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 5、表语从句的应注意的问题： 1）. That在表语从句中既不充当成分，也没有任何意义The fact is that he hasnt yet recover from illness. 2） . What 在表语从句中充当主语、宾语/表语表示什么，什么样子，/所 的（人或事）.A. The question is what caused the

16、accident. B. That mountain is no longer what it used to be 3）. Which 在引导表语从句时,常充当定语, 表语表示其中哪一个I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which (book) it is. 4）. whether在表语从句中表“是否”,不充当句子的成分。if 不能引导表语从句。What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serio

17、us disease soon.5）. 当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that来引导，而不能由because引导; because 引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/This is /was because那是因为It/That/This is /was why那就是为什么The reason ( why) is/was that. 的原因是（四）同位语从句1. 定义：同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，这些名词一般是抽象名词，常用名词有fact,

18、 news, hope, truth, idea, suggestion, thought, question, order, problem, belief, doubt, fear, result, information, opinion, demand, wish，promise, possibility, message,等. 常用引导词：that （常用不可省略）, who, when, where, why, how, whether等。3.同位语从句的引导词1）. 由that引导，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起引导作用，不可省略，也不能用which代替。如：The fact th

19、at you have passed the exam is true.比较宾语从句：I dont know (that) you have passed the exam.2）.由whether 引导，“是否”，注意：同位语从句中表示“是否” 的意思时，不能用if。如：The problem whether we should visit her has been settled.(不能用if)3）.由who, when, where, how 等引导如：I have no idea who will go with me. We havent solved the problem how

20、we should go there. We havent solved the problem where we are going to spend the weekend.we have no idea when we will begin our holiday.同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语2、两种从句都可以用that引导The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.(同位语从句)我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is reall

21、y encouraging.(定语从句)你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。 The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的, 而非来自其他渠道。但消息是什么却不得而知。）2. 引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:

22、在that引导同位语从句中，从句是个完整的句子, that只是一个连接词, 不充当任何成分; that不能省略，不能用which代替。Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player. (that 不充当任何成分)在that引的定语从句中，从句不完整，缺少主语或宾语that是关系代词, 既指代先行词又在从句中充当主语或宾语，充当宾语时可以省略，可换成which.Dad made a promise that excited all his children. (that指代promise, 又在从句中充当主语.)定语从句不可用what, how

23、, whether, 来引导，而同位语从句的关连词除了that 外，还可根据词义使用其它疑问代词或疑问副词，如who, when, where, how, whether等。判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句1. His proposal that we go there on foot is acceptable. 同2. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not spend too much time online. 同 3.The first request that he made was to ask for fre

24、edom. 定 4. I have no idea what he did yesterday. 同 4. Do you have any idea where we will be sent? 同5. Is this the company where your father works? 定 6. This is the reason that he gave for his absence. 定 7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way . 同注意：同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。He

25、got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 名词性从句专项练习第一部分：基础题1. _ makes his shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever2. Its thirty years since we last met.    But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got

26、 lost on a rainy night.     A. which  B. that  C. what  D. when3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. What4. Could you do me a favor?It depends on _ it is. A. whichB. whicheverC. whatD. whatever5. These shoes

27、 look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost6. Doris' success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.A. which B. that C. when D. why7. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had fai

28、led to win the game. A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that8. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?A. thatB. whatC. asD. which9. Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turnD. for her to turn10. Elephants

29、have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. /B. whetherC. howD. what11. Danny left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.A. whoB. thatC. asD. which12. Mum is coming. What present _ for your birthday?A. you expect she has gotB. you expect

30、has she gotC. do you expect she has gotD. do you expect has she got13. The way he did it was different _ we were used to.A. in whichB. in whatC. from whatD.from which14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. what; whenB.

31、 that; whichC. what; whichD.which;that第二部分：强化题1. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. that2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. whi

32、ch3. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if4. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up

33、to us. _we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which6. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether7. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national champ

34、ionships. A. No matter what B. No matter which 让步状语从句 C. Whatever D. Whichever8. I just wonder that makes him so excited. 强调句型A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is9. _ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger , more prosperous economy. 强调句与主语从句的区别A.

35、As B. That C. This D. It10. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. A. why B. that C. where  D. because11. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. whereB. how C. what D. which12. He noticed that the st

36、raight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from _ it had been in the morning. A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which13. Id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with.A. whoB. whoever C. whomeverD. no matter who14. When you are reading,making a note of _ you think is of great importan

37、ce.A. whichB. that C. what D. when15. Can we get everything ready by the weekend?It all depends on _ we can get Mr. Greens cooperation. A. thatB. whatC. whetherD. if1. C whether引导的从句构成与名词the question的同位语。(原答案似乎有误)2 C 主句完整,同时从句也不缺成分。根据句意可看出that引导的从句构成与a warm thought的同位语。3A that引导同位语从句，具体说明chance（可能性）

38、的内容。4B 句意：请提醒我他说他将什么时候走。5B 因先行词是natives，故淘汰A和D。又因give sth. to sb.固定短语，所以选B。介词to可放在关系代词whom的前面。6B pleased后面缺少宾语从句，he was a man of action句意完整，故用that引导。7D No matter what/which只能引导让步状语从句，排除A和B。C和D的区别在于一个无范围，一个有范围。8D wonder后面的宾语从句本是what makes him so excited：。但what需要被强调，故用强调句型。9D 本题考查it 作形式主语, 后面的that 引导真

39、正的主句从句.10B 本题考查同位语从句, reason 后面有for 引导的短语, 接着后面是that 引导的句子来说明理由的内容.11C 本题考查名词性从句的宾语从句,介词for 后接宾语从句但宾语从句中缺少主语, he thought 是插入语. 连词what 引导宾语从句且在从句中充当主语,which 的意思不符合.12C 本题考查固定短语 be different from同时也考查名词性从句中的宾语从句，介词from后是宾语从句，但从句中it had been 后面少表语，所以what 符合语意。13B 本题考查名词性从句中的介词宾语从句, 根据下文意思以及在宾语从句中作主语, D

40、 不能引导名词性从句, who 表达的意思不对. 14C 本题考查名词性从句介词宾语, 宾语从句中you think 是插入语, 故句中缺少主语,which 意思不对,故选what15C 本题考查介词宾语从句, 根据上下文意思 该处应该是”我们是否能得到Green先生的.1.（10福建35） We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether2.（10湖南35） Cindy shu

41、t the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why 3.（10天津14）As a new graduate, he doesnt know it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. which 4.（10北京33） some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by man

42、y others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How5（10浙江1）How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, you want. Awhichever Bhowever CwhateverDwhoever7.（10上海36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why9

43、. （10山东26） Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which11（10四川14）How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy 12.（10全国33） We havent discussed yet _ we

44、 are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. what D. where 13. （10湖北31）I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how14. （10全国10）Have you finished the book?-No, Ive read up to_ the children discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. that D. where15. （10江苏

45、35） I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what三、定语从句（形容词性从句）定语从句也叫形容词性从句，顾名思义，它在句中可以充当形容词的作用，可以修饰限定名词以及整个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。关系词的作用表解关系词 先行词指人指物指人和物作主语Who/th

46、at /aswhich/that/asthat作宾语who(m)/that/aswhich/that/asthat作定语whosewhose/of which（一）、考查关系词的基本用法： 关系词是用在定语从句中来代替先行词的,选择关系词的关键是看先行词在定语从句中作何成分。作主语、宾语或表语时,用关系代词,指人用who (宾格用whom)或that,指物用which或that;如果作状语,则选用关系副词,分别用when, where, why代替时间、地点、原因状语;如果先行词在定语从句中作定语,则不管指人还是指物,都可用whose。原题再现I work in a business _ al

47、most everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. How B. Which C. where D. That 答案: C解析关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语。（二）、考查as和which引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句或主句中部分内容的用法：二者的区别是:1. as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间,而which引导的从句则不能放在主句之前。2.当从句谓语动词是be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被动形式或usually happen,

48、be often the case等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯之意时,常用as。3.当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语带的是一个复合宾语结构时,一般用which不用as。原题再现Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D.which 答案:D解析关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子。（三）、考查“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句的用法：当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时

49、,往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前,构成“介词 + 关系代词(whom / which)”结构。但一些短语动词(如look after等)中的介词不能与动词分开,故不能放在关系代词之前。原题再现American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequenthy.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 答案:D解析关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词with的宾语,talk with sb.意为“与某人谈话”。(四)、考查分隔式定语从句的用法定语从句一

50、般紧跟在先行词的后面,但有些时候也会被同位语、状语、谓语、其它定语等成分分隔。此时能够理清句子结构,慧眼识别先行词就显得特别重要。原题再现The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where 答案:C解析先行词为the hours,关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。（五）、考查定语从句与其它句子的区别：定语从句易与状语从句、同位语从句、并列句以及强调结构混淆,在做题时要细心识别。原题再现 The

51、famous scientist grew up_ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. when B. Whenever C. where D. wherever 答案: C 解析 本题中的where是从属连词,引导的是地点状语从句。若引导定语从句,其前应加上先行词at the place。A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. W

52、hen B. where C. what D. that 答案:D解析本题中that引导的是同位语从句。that引导同位语从句时,在句子中不作任何成分,而在定语从句中则要作主语、宾语或表语。The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 答案: B 解析 it. before是常用句型。 It was for this reason _ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.A. which B. why C. that D. how 答案:C解析 强调结构与其它从句的区别是