泰特勒 Tytler

1、Lolly Leung+国籍：英国（苏格兰爱丁堡）+生平：爱丁堡大学历史教授律师爱丁堡学派成员+著作：Essay on the Principles of Translation 论翻译的原则（1790）+“翻译三原则”（全面&系统）+标志着西方翻译史上一个时期的结束和一个时期的开始+1921年郑振铎发表在小说月报第十二卷第三号上译文学书的三个问题一文中，最先将该观点引入中国。+Description of a good Translation I would therefore describe a good translation to be, That, in which the

2、 merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.Laws of Translation（翻译三原则）:It will follow,

3、. That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.（信）. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.（雅）. That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition.（达）+First General Rule: A Translat

4、ion should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original workKnowledge of the language of the original, and acquaintance with the subject.无障碍卫生间为不分性别独立卫生间，配备专门的无障碍设施，包含：方便乘坐轮椅人士开启的门、专用的洁具、与洁具配套的安全扶手等，给残障者、老人或病人如厕提供便利。the translator is called upon to exercise his judgement, and to select th

5、at meaning which is most consonant to the train of thought in the whole passage, or to the authors usual mode of thinking, and expressing himself.+我记忆中最早的一件事,是提着家里唯一的热水瓶去公共食堂打开水开水。 莫言（诺贝尔奖讲座）+My earliest memory was of taking our only vacuum bottle to the public canteen for drinking water. 葛浩文（译）+Sec

6、ond general Rule: The style and manner of writing in a Translation should be of the same character with that of the Original.+whether to that of the grave, the elevated, the easy, the lively, the florid and ornamented, or the simple and unaffected; and these characteristic qualities he must have the

7、 capacity of rendering equally conspicuous in the translation as in the original.+星期天，愚园游人络绎不绝。+On Sundays, Yuyuan Garden is always crowded with visitors.（negative）+On Sundays, Yuyuan Garden attracts a large number of visitors.（positive）+Third general Rule: A Translation should have all the ease of

8、original composition. （原创作品）+郑振铎：译文必须含有原文中所有的流利。（1921）+谭载喜：译作应具备原作所具有的通顺。（1991）+李德凤：译文应该与原作的行文一样自如。（2007）+有的西方翻译研究的论著中，在引用泰特勒三原则时，在第三条原则的composition前面，加了定冠词the，如Snell-Hornby（1995:13)、Bassnet(1980:69)和Savory (1957:45)等。+yet the painter employs precisely the same colours, and has no other care than fa

9、ithfully to imitate the touch and manner of the picture that is before him.+The translator uses not the same colours with the original, but is required to give the picture the same force and effect.+The more he studies a scrupulous imitation, the less his copy will reflect the ease and spirit of the

10、 original.+he must adopt the very soul of his author, which must speak through his own organs.+挖开坟墓后，我们看到，棺木已经腐朽，母亲的骨殖，已经与泥土混为一体。 莫言（诺贝尔奖讲座）+When we dug up the grave, we saw that the coffin had rotted away and that her body had merged with the damp earth around it. 葛浩文（译）+我们将认真听取各位坦诚地对我们的工作提出意见和建议。+

11、We will listen attentively to your straightforward comments & suggestions on our work.+Your comments and suggestions will be appreciated.+that in all cases where a sacrifice is necessary to be made of one of those laws to another, a due regard ought to be paid to their rank and comparative impor

12、tance.+预示了现代翻译的“得”、“失”问题+Tytlers first two laws of translation concern the translator and the original, there are no other considerations. But when he describes a good translation as one in which the merit of the original is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly appre

13、hended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which the language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work, he brings in a new factorthe reader. by Peter Newmark+Newmark, Peter. About Translation M. 外语教学与研究出版社, 2006+Tytler, A. F. Essay on the Principles of Translation