中考英语语法知识难点及习题检测(含例题解析及答案)

1、中考英语语法知识难点及习题检测(含例题解析及答案)中考英语语法重难点中考英语语法知识难点及习题检测1. _ the worse I seem to be.A When I take more medicineB The more medicine I takeC Taking more of the medicineD More medicine taken解析：该题正确答案为B。"the 形容词比较级 , the 形容词比较级 "意为越，越。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。2. He suddenly returned _ a rainy night.A on B

2、at C in D during解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。例 We had hoped that he _ longer.A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay解析：该题正确答案为。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气例 "Mary wants to see you today"."I would rather she _ tom

3、orrow than today."A comes B came C should come D will come解析：该题正确答案为。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。 例 Had she been older, she _ it better.A had done B might have done C might do D would do解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正http:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.html确答案为

4、。（六）短语动词I 要点英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种： （） 动词介词常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Don't laugh at others.I didn't care about it.（） 动词副词常见的有give up, pick up,

5、think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please don't forget to hand it in.（） 动词副词介词常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：All his money a

6、dded up to no more than $100.After a short rest, he went on with his research work.（） 动词名词介词常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You http:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlshould pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of ou

7、r time.（） 动词形容词常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：The prisoners were set free.He cut it open.（） 动词名词常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：This story took place three years ago.I make friends with a lot of people.（7）辨析give away(让

8、给，暴露) 和 give up（放弃，停止）put away（放起，收起） 和 put out （扑灭）turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打开）keep out（阻止） 和 keep off （不让靠近）make up（编造，补上） 和 make out（辨认）take off（脱，起飞） 和 take out（拿出）II 例题例 It is wise to have some money _ for old age.A put away B kept up C given away D laid up解析：该题正确答案为。意为"存"；keep up意为&

9、quot;继续"；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。例 Here's my card. Let's keep in _.:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlparA touch B relation C connection D friendship解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。例 _! There's a train coming.A Look out B Look ar

10、ound C Look forward D Look on解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。（七）动词不定式I 要点、 不定式的形式。以动词write为例。、 不定式的句法功能（） 作主语To hear from you is nice.To be a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you.It's not easy to be a good teacher.（） 作宾语通常用于want, h

11、ope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.（） 作表语My job is to pick up letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.（） 作定语不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：I have two letters to wrihttp:/wenkuxiazai/

12、doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlte.I have a lot of work to do.（） 作宾补通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如： He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his order.（） 作状语He got up early to catch the first bus.He worked hard to catch up with the other

13、students.（） 作独立成分To tell you the truth, I told a lie.（） "疑问词不定式"结构。 如：I don't know how to choose them.I cannot decide where to go.（9）不定式的否定式。如：I decided not to go.（10）不定式的完成式。如：He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last we

14、ek.（11）tooto 结构。如：He was too excited to go to sleep.He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)（12）主动表被动。如：The book is easy to read.I have a book to read.http:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlII例题例 I haven't got a chair _.A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting解析：该题选C。不定式to s

15、it on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。例2 He was made _. A go B gone C going D to go解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。 例3 A new factory is _ very soon.A to be built B builtC to build D to building解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。（八）动名词I 要点动

16、名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。、 动名词的形式，以write为例。否定式 not 动名词、 动名词的用法（） 作主语Playing football is my favorite sport.Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语。如：It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.（） 作宾语I enjoy playing PC game.He gave up writing five years ago.（） 作表语http:/wenku

17、xiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlWhat he hated most was doing nothing.Seeing is believing.动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。（） 作定语There's a dining room in my school.All the people watching laughed.（） 动名词的复合结构"物主代词（或名词的所有格） 动名词"。如：Tom's going home late made her mother angry.W

18、ould you mind my opening the window?不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格）。 无生命名词The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.有生命名词，但表泛指。Have you ever heard of girls smoking?两个以上的有生命的名词并列。Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that

19、day?3后面常接动名词的动词和短语mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,can't help doing, it is no good doing, ihttp:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlt is no use doing,look forward to doing, stick to doin

20、g, pay attention to doing,devote to doing, lead to doingII例题例 She says she doesn't feel like _ out with you.A going B to go C for going D went解析：该题正确答案为A。 feel like = want, 此处like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语例 The garden needs _.A water B watering C to water D watered解析：该题正确答案为B。 need = want = require. 如果物

21、作主语，此三者后要接动名词或to be done这一结构作宾语。例 Excuse me _ you.A interrupting B to interruptC interrupted D to have interrupted解析：该题正确答案为A。excuse 后接动名词作宾语，此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语（常用于口语中）。（九）分词I 要点分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物

22、动词表动作已经完成，表主动。过去分词的句法功能：、 作定语I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlrThe woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.、 作表语When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.I'm interested in this book.、 作宾语补足语I'm going

23、to have my bike repaired.When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.4、作状语Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.现在分词的句法功能。1、作状语Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.Walking alon

24、g the street, they suddenly saw him.2、作宾语I hate being spoken ill of.He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.3、作表语Seeing is believing.The book is interesting.4、作宾语补足语I noticed him crossing the street.Mother caughthttp:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.html him smoking in the k

25、itchen.5、作定语Do you know the man writing a letter?The worker running a machine is my brother.分词使用中的几个问题1、现在分词的完成式Having cleaned the room, I went out.2、现在分词的否定式Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.3、现在分词与过去分词的不同现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成I found the man killed there.I found the man sta

26、nding there.4、have结构We have the car repaired.We have repaired the car.We have Tom repair the car.We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.5、分词作表语We were excited at the news.The football game is exciting.6、独立主格结构It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.II 例题例1、Time_， I'll go on a

27、 picnic with you.A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permittinghttp:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.html解析：该题答案为D。 Time permitting是独立主格结构，意为"如果时间允许的话" 例2、_ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking解析：该题答案为C。主语she是被问。（十）

28、情态动词与助动词I 要点助动词本身无意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句，常用的助动词有be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).情态动词表一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度，它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语，主要的情态动词有can(could), may (might), must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.1、can 能，可以，表说话人同意，许可还可表客观条件许可，如:You can go no

29、w. 提建议或请求时可用can I, can you表客气，如Can I buy you a drink?can和be able to表能力时的区别。can表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定条件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badlyhurt, he was able to explain what had happened.2、may（1）、可以，表说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。You may go.（2）、（现在和将来）可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.3、must, have tomust表http

30、:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.html主观上的必须，have to表客观上的必须，如:It's getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now. -Yes, you must.(No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.)4、need, dare这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性，如用作实意动词后接动词不定式to do，如用作情态动词后接动词原形。Need I go now? -Yes, you must./No, you needn

31、9;t.)5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，如，Shall we begin our lesson?用于二、三人称陈述句，表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻，如: You shall fail if you don't work harder.6、should表应该，意为有责任，有义务。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如 "Will you lend me your book?" "Y

32、es, I will."，8、should have done表应该做而未做must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测could have done表本可以做某事9、判断句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can't, 不太肯定用may, mightHe must be in the office now.He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.He can't be in the office. He is at home.He couldn't have cleaned the classrooht

33、tp:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlm, because he didn't come here today.He might be in the office, I am not sure.He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.II 例题例1，They _ to walk in the street at might.A. didn't dare B. not dared C. not dare D. dared not解析，该题答案为A， 此空需选一动词作谓语，因为后

34、面是to walk, didn't dare是行为动词dare过去时态的否定形式。例2，When he was very old, Mr. Smith _ sit for hours without saying a word.A. would B. should C. must D. used解析，该题答案为A, would此处表过去的倾向性，习惯性动作，意为"总是"如: When we were children, we would go swimming every summer.（十一）句子种类I 要点句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；按结

35、构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1、陈述句的否定（1） 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主语是第一人称时，宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I don't think he is right.（2） 含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子应视为否定句，http:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.html如: I

36、have never been there before.2、反意疑问句（1） need和dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别，如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we?（2） 陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等时，反问部分须用肯定形式如：He seldom comes, does he?（3） 陈述部分用不定代词作主语时，反问部分的主语用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?陈述

37、部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主语时，反问部分常用it，有时也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?（4） 陈述部分包括used to 时，反问部分可有两种形式，如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?（5） 陈述部分是"there be"结构时，反问部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?（6） 陈述

38、部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?但，如果是I think , I believe等 宾语从句时，反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致，如，I don't think he is right, is he? I don't believe he does that, does he?3、感叹句用what或how,What a beautiful pahttp:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlr

39、k it is.How beautiful a park it is.How beautiful the park is.How we worked!4、祈使句Take care!Don't stand there.Please open the door for the old lady.II例题例1，Don't forget to post the letter, _ ?A. will you B. do you C. won't you D. shall you解析：该题答案为A， 在否定句、祈使句后只用"will you"?，但肯定的祈使句后

40、可用如，Wait for me, will (won't, can, can't, could) you?例2，Let's go out for a walk, _ ?A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do we解析：该题答案为C，let's后加上shall we来表语气婉转、客气，而在let us后加上willyou。例3，He hardly writes to you, _ ?A. doesn't he B. does he C. do they D. has he解析：该题答案为B，hardly

41、否定副词，反问部分要用肯定形式。（十二）各种从句I要点根据从句在句中的句法功能，从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。1、 名词性从句（1） 主语从句What he wants is a piece of paper.:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlIt is believed that he can solve the problem.注：主语从句的谓语动词用单数。（2）宾语从句I don't know how to solve the problem.Do you know where he lives?（3）表语从

42、句The problem is who can help me.This is why I came here.（4）同位语从句I have no idea where he went.I heard the news that he would come.同位语从句用that引导，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等词后，that在从句中不作任何成分。2、定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, whi

43、ch, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。（1）that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，Everything (that) he did is wrong.b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，This is the first letter (that) th

44、http:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmle boy has written.d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.e. 只用which的情况在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中This is the book about which we have talked a lot.The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting

45、.f. where和when作关系副词This is the room where I worked.This is the room which I stayed in.I remembered the day when we lived there.I remembered the day that I spent there.g. as和whichas 可以放于句首，而which 不可以As you know, he is good at English.three of them 和three of whichI have a lot of books, three of which

46、are in Russian.I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.3、状语从句在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、行为方式状语、比较状语、让步状语等多种。II 例题例1、 _ I accept the http:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlgift or refuse it is none of your business.A. If B. Whether C. Even if D

47、. No matter when解析：该题答案为B。whether可以和or连用，if不可以，此外if一般仅用于宾语从句。 例2、The way _ these comrades look at problems is wrong.A. where B. in that C.X D. with which解析：该题答案为C，先行词是way，定语从句中用that或 in which来引导或不填。 例3， _a long time since I saw you last time.AIt was B. It is C. It had been D. It can be解析：该题答案为B，It i

48、s 时间数 since引导的从句是一个句型，意为"从时候以来过了多久了。"（十三）主谓一致I 要点谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义上一致和就近一致。1、语法上一致（1）、以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，主语为复数时，谓语用复数，如，To work hard is necessary for a student.（2）、用and或bothand连接的并列主语，谓语动词用复数，如，Both he and I are right.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓

49、语动词用单数，如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.（3）、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,exchttp:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlept, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等，谓语动词仍用单数，如，The teacher as well as his students is excited.（4）、某些不定代词，如做主语，谓语动词要用单数，如:Everyone has a book.（

50、5）、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，如，A lot of people are dancing outside.2、意义上一致（1）、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，如， Twenty years is not a long time.（2）、表示总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如，People are talking about the accident.（3）、有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语，如作为

51、一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如指其中每个成员，则用复数，如，My family is a big one.My family are watching TV.3、邻近一致用连词or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致，如，Either you or I am mad.II例题例1、 The chemical works _ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.A. w

52、as buhttp:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.htmlilt B. were built C. is built D. are built解析：该题答案为A。works形式上是复数，意思上是单数，因此谓语动词用单数，类似的还有news, maths, politics, physics.例2、They each _ a copy of the new physics.A. have B. has C. having D. gets解析：该题答案为A。They each不等于each of , each of 这个词组作主语谓语用单数如e

53、ach of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主语，谓语要随each前面的词来变化。（十四）倒装I要点按"主语 谓语"这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序，如果变为"谓语（或谓语的一部分） 主语"，就是倒装语序。1、全部倒装（1）there be 句型There is going to be a meeting.There is a book on the table.（2）here, there, now, then, in, out等副词置于句首时，主谓倒装，但如果主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语

54、序不倒装，如，Here comes the bus.Here he comes.（3）直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，有时也用倒装，如，"What he said meant nothing", said the teacher.（4）为保持句子平衡，强调表语或状语，使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装，如，In front of the house sat a small boy.2、部分倒装（1）so, neither, nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致http:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.html时，如，I like s

55、wimming, so does my brother.（2）only 状语放在句首，如，Only through this method can we win.Only in this way can we do the work well.（3）含有否定意义的词置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，如，Never had I heard that.Little did I know about this.（4）以often, so 形容词

56、或副词开头的句子，如，So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.（5）用于省略if的虚拟条件句中，将had, were, should提前，如，Were I you, I wouldn't do that.Had he come, we would have won.（6）用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，May you be happy for ever.II例题例1、Not only _ this machine but _ it.A. can he runcan he repair B. can he runhe can repairC.

57、he can runhe can repair D. he can runcan he repair解析：该题答案为B，在not onlybut (also)句型中，只有but前面的部分倒装，but后面仍是正常语序。例2、_, it is quitehttp:/wenkuxiazai/doc/9143ddedf121dd36a32d82bc.html easy to drill a hole in it with laser（激光）.A. Hard although the diamond B. Hard as the diamond isC. As the diamond is hard D. Has hard is the diamond解析：该题答案为B，在让步状语从句中，从属连词as可以表示though，但要用倒装语序。例3、Only in this way _ to improve the situation there.A. can you hope B. you can hope C. hope can D. you hope解析：该题答案为A， only和它所修饰的状语一起置于句首时，须用倒装。（十五）it 与there be的用法