高三英语一轮复习倒装与主谓一致学案

1、.倒装与主谓一致倒装句熟读深思：1. Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of China Daily.周阳永远不会忘记他在?中国日报?报社第一天上班的工作任务。2. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study.只有这样, 我们才能有足够的精力来学习3. Only when you have seen what he or she does can you cover a story by yourself.只有等你见了他们的工作以后,你才能单独

2、去进展新闻采访。4. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university.对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣, 在大学里我还专修过摄影呢。5. Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in. 我刚坐下, 他就进来了。6. No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain. 我一到家天就下起雨来。7. He can swim and so can I. 他会游泳; 我也会。8. So little did they agre

3、e on the plan that they couldnt settle their differences. 他们对方案有很不同的意见以致无法消除分歧。9. Were he=If he were rich enough, he would buy a new car. 要是他有钱的话, 他会买一辆新的小汽车。10. There goes the bell.铃响了。11. In came the teacher and the class began.老师走了进来, 然后开场上课12. Under that tree sits a beautiful girl who is dressed

4、 in white. 那棵树下坐着一位身着白衣的美丽姑娘。13.“Where were you born？ asked the man.“你出生于什么地方呢？ 那个人问14. Hanging on the wall was a painting drawn by a famous artist.墙上挂着一幅著名艺术家画的画。15. Young as I am，I already know what career I want to follow.我虽然还小, 可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹了。归纳总结：一前面5个句子，像一般疑问句一样，情态动词、助动词或be放到了主语的前面，这种现象叫部分倒装。

5、在以下情况下，句子采用部分倒装：1. 当never， seldom， hardly， little， few， nowhere， not until等否认词或半否认词开头时，用部分倒装。如12. 当“only +状语副词、介词短语、从句 放在句首时，用部份倒装。如2.33. 当not only.but also, hardly/ scarcely. When, no sooner.than等连接两个句子, not only，hardly/scarcely，no sooner位语句首时, 前一分句的谓语用部分倒装。如4， 5， 64. 当用so， neither， nor， no more用在句

6、子的开头，表示前者的情况也合适于后者时, 用部分倒装。如75. 当so +adj./adv. that.句型中的so + adj./ adv.放在句首时, 主句谓语用部分倒装。如86. 当虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可将其放到句首,省略if, 构成部分倒装。如9二在以下情况下，要将谓语一般如今时或一般过去时的不及物动词come， go， follow， run， be等移到主语前，构成完全倒装：1.当副词here， there， in， out， up， down， away， now， then等副词放在句首，主语是名词时。如句10， 112. 有时为使句子平衡，将

7、作地点状语或表语的介词短语放在句首，或将分词短语置于句首，主语是名词时，谓语用完全倒装。如句12， 143. 直接引语放在句首，说话人又是名词时，用完全倒装。如句13 此外, 当as尽管引导让步状语从句，该从句的表语、状语或动词原形等习惯上要放到从句最前面。如15主谓一致主谓一致的三个原那么1.语法一致 就是主语为单数形式, 谓语即用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语也用复数形式。如：The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。The books are very interesting. 这些书很有趣。2. 意义一致1 形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数名词，如the

8、 police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。The police were called in. 警察被召来了。注：people 作“民族解时，其单数形式为people，复数形式为peoples，作主语时，应用语法一致原那么。如：The Chinese people is a great people. 中华民族是一个伟大的民族。56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。2 主语是指一类人的“the+形容词或过去分词时，谓语动词通常用复数，这

9、类词有：the brave 勇士, the poor穷人, the rich富人, the blind盲人, the young年轻人, the old老年人, the sick病人, the dead死者, the deaf and dumb聋哑人, the oppressed受压迫者, the injured 受伤的人, the wounded伤员, the unemployed失业者等。The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。另外，像the Chinese, the British, the Irish等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称，

10、作主语时，谓语动词也用复数。如：The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。3形式上为复数，而意义上却是单数的名词，如news, mathematics, physics，politics, economics及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。 His “Selected Poems was first published in 1965. 他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的3. 就近原那么即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语

11、。1 连词or, not.but., either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。如：Not his parents but he doesnt want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个密秘？2 当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时, be的数由与其靠得

12、最近的那个主语一致。如：There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盘子里有两个梨子，一些桔子和一个苹果。主谓一致的18个难点1. 不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式。如：To remember English words is not easy. 记英语单词不容易。Who will do the job hasnt been

13、decided yet. 谁来做这项工作还没决定。 注：what引导主语从句时，假如其表语是复数形式, 谓语动词要用复数形式。如：What he took with him were two books. 他带去的是两本书。2.“名词或代词+由with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, but ,except, including, in addition to, like, no less than, rather than等引起的短语作主语时，谓语动词与前面的名词或代词的数一致。如：Mr Li together with hi

14、s two sons has gone to the cinema. 李先生和他的两个儿子看电影去了。No one except the two boys was late for class. 除了两个男孩外, 没有一个人迟到。Li Ming, rather than his classmates, has let out the secret. 是李明透露了那个消息而不是他的同学透露的。3.不定代词one, no one, the other, another, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, nobody,

15、 anything, something, everything, nothing, each, either 以及被each, every修饰的名词做主语，尽管有些表达复数意义，但是，它们的谓语通常用单数形式。如：Is everybody here today? 大家都到齐了吗？Neither book is good. 两本书都不好。None knows the weight of anothers burden. 见人挑担不吃力。注：neither, none做主语时，口语中或非正式文字中，谓语动词通常用复数,正式的书面语中用单数。如：Are/Is neither of the team

16、s playing this week? 这个星期两个队中有哪一个队要进展比赛？None of them has/have been to the Great Wall.他们中没有一个人去过长城。不过, none作主语, 其表语是单数, 谓语用单数; 表语是复数, 谓语那么用复数。4. 在定语从句中，当关系代词 who, which或 that做主语时，从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。如：The teacher who teaches us English is from England. 教我们英语的老师是英国人。Are these the books that were bought

17、 yesterday? 这些就是昨天买的书吗？I, who am a new teacher, will teach you English. 我, 一个新老师, 将教你们英语5. “one of+名词复数后面的定语从句, 谓语动词应该用复数; 而“theonly one of + 名词复数后面的定语从句的谓语应该用单数形式。如：He is one of the students that have passed the exam. 他是通过了考试的学生之一。He is the only one of the students that has passed the exam. 他就是通过考试

18、的那个学生6. 某些集体名词，如family, audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, government, group, party, public, team等作主语时，假如作为一个整体对待，谓语动词用单数形式，假如就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：My family are all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。The family is rather big, with twelve people in all. 这个家庭很大, 总共有12个人。7. 当表示时间、间隔 、金额等

19、度量的复数名词作主语，把它看作一个整体时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Surely 15 minutes is enough time for you to have a coffee.你喝杯咖啡15分钟当然足够了但假设与pass, go by, spend, waste等连用时，谓语动词用复数。如：Six months have passed, and we still have no news of them.六个月过去了,我们仍然没有他们的消息8. 由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语，如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses,

20、trousers, shorts等, 谓语通常用复数形式。如： His trousers are new. 他的裤子是新的。但带有pair这样的量词时, 谓语要与量词的数保持一致。如：That pair of trousers was sold out. 那条裤子卖出去了。9. “分数百分数 + of + 名词以及 “all most, some, any, half, a lot, part, the rest + of + 名词做主语时, 谓语动词的数与of后的名词的数一致。如：Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is water. 地表四分

21、之三都是水。Twenty percent of the oranges are bad. 这桔子百分之二十都坏了。All of my classmates like music.我们所有的同学都喜欢音乐。All of the water is gone.那些水全都没有了The rest of the students have gone home. 其余的学生都回家了。The rest of the money was stolen. 其余的钱被人偷了。10. “a the, this, that kind /sort / type of + 名词做主语，谓语用单数形式；但“these tho

22、se, all, many, some kinds of + 名词做主语，谓语那么用复数形式。如：This kind of book is useful for us. 这种书对我们很用。Many kinds of shoes are on sale in that shop.那个店里有许多种鞋出售。注：“名词+ of athe, this, that, these, those, all, some, many等 + kinds做主语，谓语动词的数与前面名词的数一致。如：Book of this kind is useful for us. 这种书对我们有用。Apples of these

23、kinds are sour. 这种苹果是酸的。11. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两幅大肖像。Between the two rows of trees stands the teaching building. 要两排树之间是教学楼。12. “a number of +复数名词意为“许多，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of +复数名词意为“的数目，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of people invited was fifty, bu

24、t a number of them were absent for different reasons. 被邀请的人是五十个，但由许多人由于不同原因缺席了。13. “a lot of /lots of /plenty of /a large quantity of /a large amount of +名词作主语，谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。如：A large amount of damage was done in a very short time.在短时间内造成了很大的损害。A great amount of our investments are in property.我们大量的

25、钱都投资到房地产中。但“large /huge quantities /amounts of名词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数。如：Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 那座桥消耗了大量金钱。 14.“more than one /many a + 单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：More than one person has known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。Many a worker was killed in the accident. 在这个事故中死了许多工人。注：“More+复数名词 than one作主语，

26、谓语那么用复数形式。如：More persons than one have known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。15.“一两个，用“one or two+名词复数表达时，谓语用复数；用“aan+名词单数or two表达时, 谓语用单数形式。如：One or two days are enough for them. =A day or two is enough for them. 给他们一两天时间足够了。16. and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。如：Lily and Kite are kind to me. 莉莉和凯特都对我很好。但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一

27、事物、同一概念或一个完好的东西时其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词，谓语动词应用单数形式。如：The teacher and writer has come. 那个老师兼作家已经来了。The teacher and the writer have come. 那个老师和那个作家都到来了。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 奶油面包是西方的日常食物。A knife and fork is on the table. 有一副刀叉在桌上。注：当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each, every, many a, more than o

28、ne 等修饰时，谓语要用单数形式。如：Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film. 许多老师和学生都看过这部电影。17. “a +单数名词+and a half作主语，谓语动词一般用单数，但“one and a half +复数名词做主语，谓语多用单数，也可用复数。如：One and a half pears has been left on the table. 盘子里剩下一个半梨子。One and a half years have passed since we last met.自从我们上一次见面，已一年半了。A years

29、and a half has passed.一年半过去了。18. population作主语谓语动词通常用单数，但前面有分数或百分数, 且表语是复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。Three fifths of the population here are workers. 这里五分之三的人是工人。The population in these villages still uses well water.住在这些乡村里的人仍然饮用井水。 19. 强调构造的主谓一致：强调主语时，that或who后的谓语动词与被强调的主语一致。It is I that am his English teacher.我

30、就是他的英语老师。20. means方法手段，works工厂，sheep, fish, aircraft飞机等单复数同形的名词作主语时, 采用意义一致的原那么：指一种方法或一家工厂时, 谓语动词用单数, 否那么用复数。如：Every possible means has been tried to solved the problem. 为理解决这个问题，每种可能的方法都试过了。All means have been tried. 所有的方法都试过即时练习一.语法填空。1. Either you or the headmaster _ be to hand out the prizes to

31、those gifted students at the meeting.2. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visit visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. 3. Two fifths of the land in that district _be covered with trees and grass. 4. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _

32、work in the clothing industry. 5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ wash away each year. 6. He is the only one of the students who _be a winner of scholarship for three years. 7. Every possible means _use to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

33、8. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ not, decide yet.9. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _reach 50 million. 10. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _work on the project day and night to meet the deadline. 11.All the scientific evidence show that increasing use of chemicals in farming be damaging our health.12.More than a dozen students in that school send abroad for further study every year.13.It had wounds on its head and cover with mud.14.All we need be a small piece of land where we can plant v