美语发音规则与技巧 语音语调

1、Read the words below and give the past tense forms.chopconnectdemand disputescanfence heatimploreinsert reactlistmonitor outlinereflectrain rememberplaceplan penetratepickpart participatepraisemitigatepromotepronounceresent marklamentsettle seizeselectshape judgetrimqualify undermineresistdiminish美语

2、发音概述-英语发音类别基本分类及常识语音分元音和辅音两大类，每一个语音必定属于这两者之一。元音元音是一种有声音，发音时用舌头和嘴唇使口腔定形，声带振动。同时气流从咽腔和口腔不断流出，不受阻碍，也没有变狭窄，因而听不出摩擦。辅音（在正常言语中）除元音外所有的其它音都叫辅音。一部分辅音发音时，气流不通过口腔，如m；另一部分辅音发音时，气流在通过口腔时，受到这样或那样的阻碍，或在口腔中的某个点受到摩擦。美语发音概述-英语发音类别元音分类A根据发音时舌头在口腔中抬起的部位不同，我们把单素元音分为前元音、中元音和后元音。例如：1 前元音，口型舒展 u: 后元音，口型收拢前元音舌前部向硬颚抬起时发出的元音

3、叫前元音。前元音(Front Vowels)主要有：英式英语：i: i e 1美式英语：i I A 1Practice these four sounds in phrases.eat the meatmake a wishvery well a mad mankeep the seatsit downget readya jazz bandthree treesbest frienda black bagPeters secreta small fishten mena plastic bagthe Chinese peoplea bit chillyTeddy Bearhand in ha

4、nda piece of cheesebit by bitwet with sweata happy marriagea friend in needfit as a fiddlebest selleron behalf of our class美语发音概述-英语发音类别中元音舌中部向硬颚抬起时发出的元音叫中元音。中元音(Central Vowels)主要有：英式英语：4: 4 8美式英语：没有4:，多为4r；4与8相同。Practice these three sounds in phrases.the first terma long termsome moneylearn the wor

5、dsamong the workerssome honeya firm girlnever forgetonce in a montha nervous nursea sheet of papera tough sonan early birda drop of watera funny couplea dirty shirtthe teachers of Chinaa sudden jumpthe third worldthe doctors daughterjust for funan active learnerat the counterblood for blood美语发音概述-英语

6、发音类别后元音发音时舌后部需要向软颚抬起的元音叫作后元音；后元音(Back Vowels)主要有：英式英语：3 3: u u:美式英语：2 3 U uPractice these four sounds in phrases.pop musiclaw and orderpush and pullpop concert daughter-in-lawyouthfulby hook or by crookwhose tools a stopwatchaccording to law the butcher and the crooka new suitclocks and watchestalk

7、and walkgood looksa group of students socks and stockinga small waterfall good footworkdrop by drop along the corridorbook a room the Blue Danubecommon knowledgea long storytook some sugar a water bottlea quarter to four too few too soon to be truewooden plates美语发音概述-英语发音类别元音分类B 根据构成元音的音素的不同，我们把元音分为

8、12个单元音（monophthongs）和8个双元音（diphthongs）。Monophthongs: i: i e 1 8 2: 3 3: u u: 4: 4 Diphthongs: ei 2i 3i 4u 2u i4 e4 u4In American English, we simply use five of these diphthongs: ei4u2i2u3i美语发音概述-英语发音类别元音分类C根据发音时嘴唇的形状：According to the shape of the lips合口元音Rounded Vowels：3: 3 u: u敞口元音Unrounded Vowels：

9、 i: i自然口型Neutral Vowels：e 1 8 4 美语发音概述-英语发音类别元音分类D根据元音的发音长度：According to the length of the vowels长元音 Long Vowels：i: 4: 2: 3: u:短元音 Short Vowels：i e 1 8 4 3 u美语发音概述-英语发音类别辅音分类A根据声带振动情况：按照声带振动情况给辅音分类，发音时声带完全敞开，气流通过声带没有引起振动的辅音称为清辅音，发音时声带合拢，气流通过声带并引起振动的辅音称为浊辅音。每一组对应的清浊辅音在发音时发音部位和发音方式都是完全相同的，只以声带振动与否来进行区

10、别。英语中有十组对应的清浊辅音，它们是：清辅音 Voiceless Consonants：p t k t5 f 7 s 5 ts tr t5浊辅音 Voiced Consonants：b d g d9 v 0 z 9 dz dr d9英语中有些音是没有相对应的清浊辅音的，它们是：清辅音：h浊辅音：m n 6 l r另外，人们习惯上把半元音也归为浊辅音用。浊辅音：w j美语发音概述-英语发音类别辅音分类B根据气流通过口腔时产生的不同效果：根据气流通过口腔时产生的不同效果给辅音分类，可将辅音分为爆破音、摩擦音、塞擦音、鼻音和舌边音。另外，我们将半元音也放在这一部分，方便练习掌握。摩擦音：口腔通道较

11、窄，气流通过时产生摩擦。爆破音：气流在口腔中完全封闭，然后再突然释放，在释放时不产生任何阻碍和摩擦。塞擦音：气流通过口腔时被闭住，释放时气流通道又不完全敞开。鼻音：发音时需要鼻腔共鸣。舌边音：发音时气流从舌的两侧同过。半元音：w j美语发音概述-英语发音类别爆破音爆破音(plosive)：在相当时间内，气流通道完全阻塞，气流（一般由于肺部的动作）受压，然后突然放开阻塞，发出爆破的声音。英语中的爆破音有六个，它们是: p b t d k g嘴唇闭气：p b舌前端在上齿齿龈和硬腭前端闭气：t d舌后端抬高，软腭下垂进行闭气：k gRead the dialogues, paying attenti

12、on to the pronunciation of plosives.(1) A: How do you do? Im Parker.B: How do you do, Mr. Barker?A: Parker.B: Oh, Parker with a P?A: Yes, with a P.B: ErIm Barker.A: Barker? With a B. Of course.B: Yes, with a B.A: Wont you come in, Mr. Barker?B: Thank you, Mr. Parker.(2) A: I love you, Miss Brown.B:

13、But how can I believe you, Mr. Black.A: Ill jump over the balcony, Miss Brown.B: Jump over the balcony, Mr. Black?A: Itll prove my love, Miss Brown.B: Itll break your back, Mr. Black.A: Then save me and take me back!(3) A: Whats the date today?B: December the fifteenth. The day after tomorrow is lit

14、tle Toms birthday.A: Right. What present should we give him this time? By the way, how old is he?B: Hes still thirteen today and tomorrow. Hell be fourteen the day after tomorrow. Lets get him a remote controlled toy truck.A: How time flies! Hes a big boy now.B: And dont forget Mary, Toms twin siste

15、r. Its her birthday, too. A: OK. Lets invite all their little friends to come and celebrate.(4) A: Was it a good game?B: It was a terrific game.A: You had a good day for it.B: A beautiful day.A: Did Chris score?B: He scored twice.A: And you?B: Now where did I put that bottle of milk?A: Did you score

16、?B: Ah, got it.A: Maybe the next game?B: Sure thing. Ill score one goal at least.美语发音概述-英语发音类别摩擦音摩擦音(fricative)：气流通道收窄，气流通过时发出可听擦音。英语中摩擦音有十个，其中清浊相对的有八个：f v 7 0 s z 5 9上齿接触下唇：f v上齿与舌面摩擦：7 0上齿齿龈产生摩擦：s z声带摩擦：h硬腭摩擦：r 5 9Read the dialogues, while paying attention to the pronunciation of fricatives.(1) A:

17、 Frank flatters me, Fred.B: Frank flatters everybody.A: He said I create a flame in his heart.B: A flame in his heart?A: A furious flame! He says I drive him frantic!B: You drive me frantic, too, Fanny.A: Oh, Fred! You old flatterer.B: But dont forget to fry the fish, Fanny.(2) A: Seven days old! Sh

18、es a lovely baby!B: Shes a beautiful baby!A: And shes a clever baby.B: And her voice, her voice is so so clear!A: Shes got a very clear voice, indeed.B: And shes big for a baby of her age!(3) A: Date of birth?B: The third of March, nineteen thirty-three.A: The third of March, nineteen thirty-three?B

19、: I thinkA: You think what?B: I think it was the third, but maybe it was the fourth.A: You think it was either the third or the fourth? Youre not sure of your own date of birth?B: No, Im sorry.A: Anyway, the position has been taken already. So it doesnt matter youre not sure of your date of birth.(4

20、) A: Maybe youll let me play in the mud, Mother?B: Dont you dare play there.A: Father doesnt mind if we play in the mud.B: Father doesnt wash the dirty clothes, dear.(5) A: Ill sing you a song.B: Yes, sing a song. But dont sing a sad song.A: Most of my songs are sad, sorry.B: Well, please sing one t

21、hats not within the definition of too sad.A: OK, Ill sing San Francisco, then. (6) A: A shirt, sir? Yes, sir. This one will suit you. Its in a very fashionable shade.B: Mm. I want something simpler.A: A silver one, maybe? Its got something special on the sleeve.B: Cant you show me a simple shirt in

22、a simple shade? Maybe I should try the next shop.(7) A: Whos that over there?B: Oh, thats John. Hes the Club Treasurer.A: Whats he doing there?B: Watching television.A: And does he always sleep when the televisions on?B: Usually he does.A: Ah.B: And occasionally he snores.A: Rather noisily.B: As eve

23、n the man on the moon must have noticed!(8) You and your friend are looking at some things in a shop window but you cant see very well.A: Is that a radio?B: It looks like a radio.A: Is that a pretty dress?B: It looks like a pretty dress.A: Is that a rugby ball?B: It looks like a rugby ball.A: Is tha

24、t a record?B: It looks like a record.A: Is that a record player?B: It looks like a record player.A: Is that a refrigerator?B: It looks like a refrigerator.(9) A: How handsome Henry is!B: Henry is handsome, isnt he?A: And how hardworking Henry is!B: Henry does work hard.A: And how honest Henry is!B:

25、Oh? Is Henry honest?美语发音概述-英语发音类别塞擦音塞擦音(affricate)：其形成如爆破音，但发音器官放开阻塞较慢，因而在放开阻塞时可以听得出相应的摩擦。英语中塞擦音有六个，它们是： t5 d9 ts dz tr dr牙齿处闭气：ts dz硬腭前端摩擦：t5 d9舌头在硬腭处闭气：tr drRead the dialogues, while paying attention to the affricates.(1) A：We need some cheese. B：Ive just bought some cheese. A：And we need some cho

26、colate. B：Ive just bought some chocolate. A：And what about chicken soup? B：Ive just bought some chicken soup. A：Good, but we still havent got enough chairs. B：Dont worry. Ive just bought some cheap chairs. A：Thats everything then. Oh no! China plates.(2) A：You cant do that! B：Of course I can. Its my

27、 bridge. A：But you cant chop it down! B：Its my bridge, and Im chopping it down. A：Dont chop it down! How shall we cross? We cant manage without it. B：Well, youve got to learn how to jump really far! Jump! Jump!美语发音概述-英语发音类别鼻音鼻音(nasal)：口腔通道完全阻塞，但软颚下垂，气流自由通过鼻腔发出的音。英语中鼻音有三个，它们是：m n 6嘴唇处闭气：m舌前端在硬腭处闭气：n舌

28、后部抬高，软腭下垂闭气：6Read the dialogues, while paying attention to the nasals.(1) A：Dont be alarmed if Mum stamps. B：And dont be alarmed if Mum screams. A：Its not what it seems. B：Dont be alarmed. You wont really be harmed.(2) A：Norman went. And he never returned. B：He went? When? A：Oh, about the end of Jun

29、e. B：Did he send the rent? A：Yes, and Ive found a new tenant, Nancy Noble. B：I hope there wont be any problems. A：You dont know Nancy, do you? B：Well, I once lent her some cash and she never returned it.(3) A friend is helping you to do a crossword puzzle. A：I think its “singing”.B：No, “singing” is

30、wrong.A：What about ”ringing”?B：No, “ringing” is wrong.A：Well, can it be “bringing”?B：No, “bringing” is wrong.A：What about “thinking”?B：No, “thinking” is wrong.A：Well, is it “hanging”?B：No, “hanging” is wrong.A：What about “drinking”?B：No, “drinking” is wrong.A：Oh, dear, is anything going to be right?

31、美语发音概述-英语发音类别舌边音舌边音(lateral)：气流通道中央阻塞，在阻塞处的两边或一边留下通道让气流自由通过时发出的音。英语中舌边音只有一个，就是：lRead the dialogue, while paying attention to the lateral.A：If you look on the library shelves, youll find A History of the Lakes. The Lakes were a large, rich, but unlucky family. They had thirteen children. The first el

32、even were killed in mysterious fatal accidents. And the twelfth, Lance. Poor Lance was eaten by wolves.B：And the remaining child? The last of the Lakes?A：I was lucky. I inherited everything. Now sign the contract or I may start calling you brother!美语发音概述-英语发音类别半元音半元音(semi-vowel)：即有声滑音。发这个音时，发音器官开始时轻

33、微地发出一个本身响度较弱的音，然后立即过渡到一个响度相同或更加显著的音。英语中半元音有两个，它们是：w jRead the dialogue, while paying attention to the semi-vowels.A：How much do we have to give?B：We dont have to give.A：Ill give whatever Mrs. Whitney gave.B：She gave five.A：Very well, Ill give five dollars, too.B：She gave five hundred dollars.A：Oh, m

34、y! She always gives too much. Read the two poems.(1) We waddle away from the water.And now we will waddle back.Then swish, swish, we are swimming again.Quack! Quack! Quack!(2) When the orchard yield will be gathered soon. And the fields beyond are yellow with corn, The dog in our yard awakes with a

35、yawn, And yaps and yelps at the yellow moon.美式发音与英式发音的区别标准英音和美音标准美音：RP：Received Pronunciation GA：General American标准英音：RP：Received Pronunciation美式发音与英式发音的区别元音区别A当字母r出现在单词的元音字母组合中时，北美英语会出现独特的卷舌音。/2r/ /4r/ /ir/ /Ar/ /ur/ /3r/2r/ car far /ir/ dear near/Ar/ air/3r/ for more door floor/Ur/ sure tour poor/

36、jur/ fewer cure/4r/ her earn bird /2ir/ fire liar buyer/2ur/ hour flower tower power/3ir/ employer destroyerRead the following words, while paying to the pronunciation of the /r/.(1) /2rs/farcarlargechargesmart(2) /irs/dearclearfearcheerhere(3) /Ar/airdarepeartheirwhere(4) /3r/formoredoorpourbefore(

37、5) /Ur/ /jUr/surepoortourcurefewer(6) /4r/herturnlearnwordfirst(7) /2ir/firetiredhigherliarbuyer(8) /2Ur/hourflourshowerpowertower(9) /3ir/destroyeremployer美式发音与英式发音的区别元音区别B英语中的元音/2:/在用于/f,7,s/或鼻音前时，美语发为/1/，但在字母组合lm前发音不变仍为/2/。英音美音(1)half/h2:f/h1f/(2)bath/b2:7/b17/(3)pass/p2:s/p1s/(4)ask/2:sk/1sk/(5)

38、calm/k2:m/k2m/(6)palm/p2:m/p2m/(7)father/f2:04/f204r/(8)plaza/pl2:z4/pl2z4/(9)Chicago/5ik2:g4u/5ik2g4u/2r/DialogueAt a PartyMargaret：Wheres your glass, Barbara?Barbara：Its on the bar.Martin：Barbara, Margaret! Come into the garden! Martha and Charles are dancing on the grass!Margaret：In the garden? W

39、hat a laugh!Barbara：So they are!Margaret：They are dancing under the stars!Martin：And Arnolds playing his guitar.Barbara：Doesnt Martha look smart?Margaret：Look at Charles! What a marvelous dancer!Barbara：Ah! Lets take a photograph of Martha and Charles.Martin： We cant. Its too dark.美式发音与英式发音的区别元音区别C英

40、语/3:/变为美语/3/或/2/。英音美音(1)bought/b3:t/b3t/或/b2t/(2)talk/t3:k/t3k/或/t2k/(3)ball/b3:l/b3l/或/b2l/(4)caught/k3:t/k3t/或/k2t/(5)law/l3:/l3/或/l2/(5)saw/s3:/s3/或/s2/Read the following words, paying attention to the pronunciation of /3/.coffeewatercaughtlawboughtbosstalltalklawyer foughtwalkballcause drawdaugh

41、terAugustsaw oughtflawpaw美式发音与英式发音的区别元音区别D英语/3/变为美语/2/。英音美音(1)hot/h3t/h2t/(2)cot/k3t/k2t/(3)clock/kl3k/kl2k/(4)shop/53p/52p/(5)box/b3x/b2x/(6)not/n3t/n2t/Read the following words, while paying attention to the different pronunciation of /2/.whatwantwashwatchbottlepromiseshopjobhottop collegepot美式发音与

42、英式发音的区别元音区别E英语/8/、/4/在美语中不再区分，读为/4/。英音美音(1)above/4b8v/4b4v/(2)but/b8t/b4t/(3)touch/t8t5/t4t5/(4)love/l8v/l4v/(5)blood/bl8d/bl4d/Now practice the sound in words. Listen and repeat each word twice.(1)up/4p/up(2)love/l4v/love(3)cut/k4t/cut(4)another/4n404r/another(5)above/4b4v/above(6)bus/b4s/bus(7)nut

43、/n4t/nut(8)sun/s4n/sun(9)bun/b4n/bun(10) cup/k4p/cup美式发音与英式发音的区别元音区别F与英语中的/e/相比，美语中的/A/口型向两侧分得略大一点。英音美音(1)bed /bed/bAd/(2)head/hed/hAd/Now practice the sound in words.(1)egg/Ag/egg(2)guess/gAs/guess(3)neck/nAk/neck(4)red/rAd/red(5)let/lAt/let美式发音与英式发音的区别辅音区别AAmerican T：字母T可出现在单词的词首、词中和词尾三个部位。其中在词首与词

44、尾时的发音技巧与英式英语相同，例tight /t2it/。而在词中时，英国人的读法和词首、词尾一致，美国人却有两种读法。Flatt由舌尖弹动发出的弹舌音，听起来像一个非常轻的/d/。bettercityletterlittlebottlebetternotedcitylittlecitizenpatioputtingRead the words, while paying attention to the pronunciation of /t/(=/d/).cityfortybutterwaterdirtymatterwriterbetterBetty/t/ /d/ItalianItalya

45、ttack atticatomicatomphotographyphotograph美式发音与英式发音的区别鼻腔爆破鼻腔爆破(Nasal Plosive)：由舌前端在上齿根部闭气，软颚放低，发出鼻辅音/n/的瞬间，气流突然从鼻腔冲出，形成鼻腔爆破。button cotton thirteen×buttonwrittencurtaineatenimportantLatinNow practice the sound in words. Notice the phonetic spelling. Listen and repeat each word twice.(1)mutton/m4

46、tn/mutton(2)written/ritin/ritn/written(3)curtain/k4:tin/k4rtn/curtain(4)certain/s4:tin/s4rtn/certain(5)eaten/itin/itn/eaten(6)button/b8t4n/b4tn/button美式发音与英式发音的区别辅音区别BClear LClear L：舌尖抵在上齿根部，再自然落下，发出类似汉语“了”的音。lightletliplocallakelampPhrases and single sentencesa lovely girlAll is well. Let her alone

47、.to tell a lieate at night Did he leave?little by littleto live wellto talk loudIs Della telling us a lie?Laura left a little after eleven.All love letters belong to loose Louise.Would you like to look at the lake where Larry Lotter was eaten for lunch?Where shall we meet for lunch?A little boy just

48、 fell into the lake.美式发音与英式发音的区别Dark LDark L：舌尖抵在上齿根部但不落下，气流从舌边涌出，声带振动发/4/。ball talk fail feel ill wolfNow practice the sound in words. Notice the phonetic spelling. Listen and repeat each word twice.(1)kill/ kill/kill(2)school/skul/school(3)soul/s4Ul/soul(4)pail/p2il/pail(5)boil/b3il/boil(6)tool/tu

49、l/tool美式发音与英式发音的区别单词中不同位置的L字母L出现在单词的词首、词中、词尾时的发音:字母L单独或以双写形式出现在单词的词中时，英国人只发一个Clear L。而美国人则先发一个Dark L，再发一个Clear L。如：telephoneelephanta million(1) alive(2) alarm (3) believe(4) dollar 字母L单独或以辅音连缀的形式出现在单词的词首时，发Clear L。如： flyplayblameclimb。 字母L单独或以辅音连缀的形式出现在单词词尾时，英美人都发Dark L。如：feelbellfeltbelt。Practice

50、the sound /l/ as in “like” in several different positions. Listen and repeat these words./l/ in initial position(1) look(4) lunch(7) laugh(10) loud(2) labor(5) legal(8) lecture(11) lover(3) license(6) lawyer(9) leader(12) literature/l/ in medial position(1) alive(4) alarm(7) believe(10) dollar(2) col