定语从句导学案

1、高一定语从句 (the Attributive Clause) 导学案【学习目标】 ：1、掌握定语从句的定义。 2、掌握关系代词that, who, which, whom和whose的用法。3、掌握关系副词when，where，why的用法。4、掌握介词+which的用法5.、能够灵活运用定语从句。 【语法知识点】1. 定语从句-在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句2. 先行词-被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。3. 关系词-在先行词和定语从句之

2、间起连接作用的词叫关系词，分成关系代词和关系副词.4. 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用：连接- 连接定语从句和主句替代- 替代前面的先行词成分- 在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分 （主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语）例1. A huge crack （ that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide） （先行词） (关系词) （定语从句）cut across houses, roads and canals.【学习过程】Part1. 关系词的使用1、完成表格关系代词先行词（指人或物）在从句中充当什么成分例句分析that指人/物作主语、宾语（作

3、宾语时可以省略）A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.I dont know about the man (that) you mentioned.who指人作主语The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.whom指人作宾语（可以省略）The man (whom) you met yesterday is

4、 Mr. Smith.The boy (whom) you are looking for is hidden behind the tree.which指物作主语、宾语（作宾语时可以省略）Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.The pen (which) my uncle gave me is missing.whose 指人/物作定语Workers built shelters for survivors whose

5、homes had been destroyed.= .the homes of whom had been destroyed.= of whom the homes had been destroyed【注】whose +n = the +n. +of which / whom 或 of which / whom + the +n. as正如.指人/物作主语、宾语（不可省略）We have found such materials as are used in their factory.He is not the same man as he was.As we all had expe

6、cted, Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.关系副词先行词在从句中充当什么成分例句分析when =介词+which时间时间状语I still remember the day when / on which I first came to Taishan No.1 High School.where =介词+which地点地点状语This is the village where / in which I ever lived.why = for+ which原因原因状语Do you know the reason why / fo

7、r which he is absent?【注】 定语从句的关系副词when where why = 介词+which, 但反之并不一定。 如：English is the subject in which Im interested.2. 做题方法：（1）找先行词（2）还原-把先行词放入定语从句（3）确定关系词【练习1】用关系代词that, who, whom, which或whose 填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1. The eggs _ I bought yesterday were not fresh. （作_ ）2. He prefers the goose _ comes f

8、rom his parents farm. （作_ ）3. The noodles _ you cooked were delicious. （作_ ）4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken. （作_ ）5. The man _ lives next to us sells vegetables. （作_ ）6. I dont like the people _ smoke a lot. （作_ ）7. I prefer dumplings _ have just been cooked. （作_ ）8. Dont drink water _ h

9、as not been boiled. （作_ ）9. The man _ you met just now is my teacher. （作_ ）10. Plane is a machine _ can fly. （作_ ）观察下面两组句子1. A. This is the house _ I once lived in.先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，应填 。B. This is the house _ I once lived. 先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语，你知道应填什么关系词吗？2. A. He was born in a day _was very hot.先行词指 ，关系词在

10、句中作 语，应填 。B. He was born in a day _ it was very hot. 先行词指 ，关系词在句中作 语。【指点迷津】当把先行词放回定语从句时，需要加上一个介词，说明先行词在定语从句中充当状语。如：When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying. (还原：I would be staying in the house)【练习2】用关系副词when, where, why填空，并指出它们在从句中作何成分。1. I remember the day _ I first c

11、ome to the school.2. Beijing is the place _ I was born.3. This is the factory _ I visited last year.4. Is this the reason _ he refused to help you?5. Ill never forget the years _ I spent with you in the city. 6. We all didnt believe the reason _ he said just now.【指点迷津】在定语从句中，如其先行词是抽象名词situation，poin

12、t, position ,condition, case, scene, spot, stage等，如定语从句不缺主语、宾语和表语，则用关系副词where occasion -场合(where) ;-时机;机会(when) 。如：We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (2008山东)I have never been to such an occasion wh

13、ere people all dress formally.Ex. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which. C. while D. why3、that 和which ² 关系代词只用that的情况： 先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时。 先行词是all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时 当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只用 that

14、 先行词既包括人又包括物时。 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。. This is the highest building _ Ive ever seen. . I really didnt know anything _ happened to Jim yesterday. . Who is the man _ is standing over there? Oh,he is my math teacher. . They are talking about things and persons _ they saw there a

15、 few days ago. ² 关系代词只用which的情况： 引导非限制性定语从句; 关系词前有介词; 先行词本身是that。. The tree, is four hundred years old, is very famous here. . We depend on the land from we get our food. . That you told him about is what we want to know.² who 和 that在什么情况下只用who 不用that？ all / those 作先行词且指人； 在there be 结构中，先行

16、词指人； 先行词是指人的不定代词one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none。.Those _ want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.There is a stranger wants to see you. One doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work .4、先行词是way的定语从句 1）The way _ you solved the problem is not the best o

17、ne.2）This is the way _ he told me to solve the problem. 【指点迷津】当先行词是the way且在定语从句中充当状语时，关系连词有三种情况：in which / that / 省略Part2. 介词+ which/ whom1. 分析下列例句:（1）The man whom he is talking to is my father.The man to whom he is talking is my father. （2）This is the pen which I wrote the letter with.This is the

18、pen with which I wrote the letter.【指点迷津】 (1) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，如先行词是物, 用介词+which; 如先行词是人, 用介词+whom(2) 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可将介词提前到关系词前，构成“介词+which / whom”(3) 在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。如: look after, take care of, look for 等。判断正误：This is the pen for which Im looking. ( ) This is the pen which

19、Im looking for. ( )2. 如何确定定语从句中的介词？先找出定语从句，将先行词放入定语从句中1）看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 This is the book_ which you asked2）看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.3）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配 This is our classroom , _ which there is a teachers desk.【练习】用恰当的介词+which/whom填空1. Thi

20、s is the rock _ the boy fell down into the sea.2. The film star _ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.3. The West Lake _ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.4. The reason _ he could not go there was that his grade was too low.5. The professor _ Mr. Smith shook

21、 hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.6. Could you tell me the day _ you arrived?Part 3定语从句中的动词的数1. He is the only one of the students in his class who _ (have) got this chance.2. He is one of the students in his class who _ (have) got the teachers praise 3. Those who _ (want) to go t

22、o the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30p.m.4. Anyone who _(want) to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. 【指点迷津】关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词Part 4 课后巩固练习一选择最佳选项。 1. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. A. where      &

23、#160;  B. that     C. in which   D. in that2. That tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old.     A. whose       B. of which    C. in which   D. on which3. Those _ not only from boo

24、ks but also through practice will succeed.     A. learn         B. who  learn     C. that learns D. who 4. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.     A. that against   B. t

25、hat against C. who is against D. who are against5. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?     A. that you talked           B. you talked about it     C. which you talked with   

26、0; D. you talked about6. The train _ she was travelling was late.     A. which B. where      C. on which     D. in that7. Do you still remember the happy days _ we swam in the river in our village?     A.

27、which    B. when    C. that D. where8. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget.       A. which     B. when       C. on which D. about which9. The hotel _ we stay

28、ed during our holidays stands by the seaside.       A. what       B. which C. where D. that10. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal?     A. which      B. what  &#

29、160;  C. why   D. for that11. I dont like _ you speak to her.       A. the way         B. the way in that   C. the way which        D. the way of which12.

30、There is only one thing _ I can do.       A. what      B. that     C. all     D. which13. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry.       A. them  

31、60;   B. that      C. which D. those14. I like the second football match _ was held last week.       A. which     B. who     C. that         D. /15. T

32、his is one of the best films _ this year. A. that have been shown B. that have shown C. that has been shown D. that has shown 16. She was the only one of the girls in our class _ accepted as candidate for the president of our Students Union. A. who was B. who were C. who has been D. who have been 17

33、. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 18. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low. A. which price B. the price of whose C. its price D. whose price 19. Anyone _with what I said may raise your hand. A. that agrees B. who agree C. who agr

34、ees D. that agree 20. The great day we looked forward to _ at last.A. came B. come C. coming 二用关系词填空。1. The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace. 2. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? 3. Great changes have taken place in the factory _we have been workin

35、g since then.4. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. 5. Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country? 6. The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. 7. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. 8. I will never forget the day _ we wor

36、ked together and the day _ we spent together.9. We admire him for the way _ he faces difficulties. 10. The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill. 11. - Did you ask the guard what happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. 12. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? 13. There are cases _ the w

37、ord “mighty” is used as an adverb.14. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely. 15. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. 16. _ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. 17.

38、Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it. 18. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there? 19. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers _ they had seen. 20. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day hav

39、e a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.21. I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.22. After reading your proposal, there is one point _ I dont agree.三用介词+关系代词填空。（每空一词）1. The hotel _ _ they are staying is a very famous one.2. The pen _ _ I do my homework is a b

40、irthday present from my father.3. Is this the car _ _ you paid a high price?4. The gentleman _ _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.5. Is this the village _ _ the great scientist was born forty years ago?6. The professor _ _ we often turn for help will come to our party tonight.四、单句改错1The st

41、ory happened in November on which the weather was very cold2Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task3Mr. Williams has two sons, both of whom looks like him4When we passed the place which the dead boy lay, each of us saluted5. Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yeste

42、rday? 6. Those who has finished the exercises may leave the classroom now.7. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth. 8. Mr. Green is always working hard should get a rise. 9. John is the only one of the students that have been abroad. 10.I care about nothing which is going on

43、 there. 四用定语从句合并下列句子。1The factory is a small one. The factory stands near the river2Have you answered the letter? You got that letter two weeks ago3I'll never forget the day. On that day I joined the League.4.We are not allowed to do so Tell me the reason.5The boy student is very young. He won t

44、he game.6The town has become a famous city He grew up in the town7I spend my childhood in Suzhou I have never been there again since I left8He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter He has not seen the girl for years9Do you know the man ? His son is a famous scientist10My uncle bought the bicycle

45、 last week The bicycle has been stolen .Part4名言警句中的定语从句1. He who is ill to himself will be good to nobody. 人不自爱，焉能爱人？ 2. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑在最后, 谁笑得最好。 3. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 不犯错误的人一事无成。 4. All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金。 5. Opportunity and luck always

46、shows appreciation for those who are bold in struggling. 机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人。 6. The only thing that we have to fear is fear itself. 唯一让我们恐惧的事就是恐惧本身.7. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉Part 5 课后拓展【自主学习】-定语从句典型错误例析1. 我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片误 I showed him the photos I took them in Hangz

47、hou last week.正 I showed him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week.析 关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词（that/which）的定语从句，that/which 指代 the photos，在定语从句中充当 took的宾语，故them多余，应去掉。2. 那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。误 The man is mending the car is my uncle.正 The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle.析 关系代词

48、在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，只有作宾语时才能省略that。本句还可以译为The man mending the car is my uncle.（-ing形式短语mending the car作the man的后置定语。）3. 这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？误 Is this kite your father made for you yesterday?正 Is this kite the one (that) your father made for you yesterday?析 若把this看作kite的修饰语，短语this kite为主句的主语，这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，

49、即定语从句的先行词，所以应该加上代词the one。如果我们把this看作代词，作句子的主语，那么kite应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词kite前缺少定冠词the。故本句还可改为：Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yesterday?4. 她告诉我的就这些。误 This is all which she told me.正 This is all (that) she told me.析 当先行词为all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, not

50、hing等或先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外，本句还可以译为This is what she told me.不过此时 what引导的是表语从句，而不是定语从句。5. 这是我们明天要讨论的问题。误 This is the problem about that well talk tomorrow.正 This is the problem about which well talk tomorrow.正 This is the problem (that/which) well talk about tomorrow.析 “介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词

51、指人时，关系代词用whom；指物时，关系代词用which。另外，有些固定短语如look after, listen to 等，一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。6. 从这儿可以看到屋顶的那幢建筑物是镇里最大的超市。误 The building, which roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.正 The building, whose roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.析 分析句意可知，building 和roof之间存在所属关系，故

52、应用whose，whose在引导从句定语从句时既可指人又可指物，通常可与of which互换使用，因此本句还可以表示为：The building, the roof of which （of which the roof ）can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.7. 人没有空气就不能生存，这是很自然的。误 Which is very natural, man cant live without air.正 Man cant live without air, which/as is very natural.正 As is very natural, man cant live without air.析 w