被动语态26991

1、一、主动语态和被动语态在英语中，动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态+构成：be+dore.注：谓语动词必须是及物动词，其执行者可由by引出，“被，由”往往放在句末，如不强调动作的执行者时可省略。Many people speak English.(主动语态) 许多人讲英语。English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)英语被许多人讲。二、各种时态的被动语态形式归纳。二、各种时态的被动语态形式归纳（以动词give为例

2、）一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am(is, are)+doneam(is, are)+being donehas（have）+been done过去was(were)+donewas(were)+being doneHad been done将来shall(will)+ be doneshall(will)+have been done过去将来should(would)+be doneshould(would)+have been done含有情态动词can/should/must/could/may be done三、主动语态变被动语态的方法。(可举例说明)主动语态变被动语态的方法：将主动句

3、的宾语变成主语，将主动句的谓语变成被动式“be+及物动词的过去分词”，主动句的主语变成被动句中by的宾语（或省略）。看下面表格：如果主动句中有两个宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语），可以把其中一个变成被动句的主语。注：如果将直接宾语变为被动句的主语，那么保留下来的间接宾语前需添加介词to或for.My teachergivesmea lot of books.(主动语态)我的老师给我许多书。 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾被动语态：I am given a lot of books by my teacher.被动语态：A lot of books are given to me by my teacher.

4、有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变被动语态，不能把动词后的介词丢掉。 He looks after his younger sister. His younger sister is looked after by him. 他照看他妹妹。在主动语态中，在make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等词后跟省略to的动词不定式，但在被动语态中，to要还原。We saw a stranger enter the hall. A stranger was seen to enter the hall by us. 我们看到一个陌生人进入了大厅。四、主动结构表被动

5、意义1.open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive等词做不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirt sells well here. 这种样式的衬衫在这卖得很好。2.look，sound，taste，smell，feel等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如Uniforms look ugly on us我们穿着制服很难看。Moon cakes taste deliciou

6、s月饼尝起来很好吃。3.动词need，require，want，deserve等后接v-ing的主动结构表示被动意义。The car needs cleaning.这辆汽车需要清洗了。4“wantneedrequire+doing”相当于“wantneedrequire+to be done”.to be done表示不定式的被动结构。如：My bike needs repairing=My bike needs to be repaired我的自行车需要修理。5.在be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。如：This book is worth reading这本书值得读一读.

7、6.有些动词如cook，print，do等，常用主动结构表示被动意义。 The lunch is cooking. 正在做午饭。五、不用被动语态的6种情况1.谓语为连系动词时，不用被动语态。 He looks fine. 他气色好。2.谓语为不及物动词(短语)时，如happen, take place, break out, spread等不用被动语态。 The war broke out in the end. 战争终于爆发了。An accident happened yesterday.3.宾语为动词不定式、动词的-ing形式或从句，表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时，一般不用被动语态。He

8、 decided to go with us他决定跟我们一起去。I want to buy a computer. 我想买一台电脑。4.宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等时，一般不用被动语态。We should help each other. 我们应该相互帮助。We live a happy life here. 我们在这儿过着幸福的生活。He thinks of himself too much. 他对自己想得太多。5.宾语表示处所、地点时，一般不用被动语态。 We will reach the station in two hours. 我们再过两个小时就会到站了。 He has go

9、ne to London now. 他现在去伦敦了。6.表示状态的动词，如have, own, belong to 等不能用被动语态。( )1.Look! What have you done?Sorry. I think if I another chance, Ill do it better. A. giveB. will be givenC. will giveD. am given( )2. How clean and tidy your bedroom is!Thank you. It every day.A. is cleanedB. cleansC. was cleanedD.

10、 is cleaning( )3. Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.Im sorry, but I when to leave.A. dont tellB. didnt tellC. wasnt toldD. havent told( )4. The pollution problem here seems to get more and more serious.Yes, something to stop it.A. must doB. mustnt doC. must be doneD. mustnt

11、be done( )5. On this website, the news every hour.A. is updatedB. will updateC. updatedD. will be undated( )6. Long time no see! I to Zhengzhou for a meeting last month.A. am sentB. was sentC. am sendingD. was sending( )7. The apples well because they nice.A. are sold; lookB. sell; lookC. sell; are

12、lookedD. are sold; are looked( )8. the watch yet? I badly need it.A. Does; repairB. Had; been repairedC. Is; repairedD. Has; been repaired( )9. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he .A. must be looked after wellB. was looking after well C. must take good care ofD. must be taken good c

13、are( )10. Usually before exams, the students two minutes to write down their names.A. are givenB. were givenC. gave D. give( )11. No children to watch this kinds of movie because its too scary.A. should allowB. shouldnt be allowedC. should be allowedD. dont allow little time to get ready for the tes

14、t, so I wasnt confident at that time. A. gaveB. was givenC. didnt giveD. wasnt givenm sure that stricter rules to control cigarette smoking very soon. A. madeB. will makeC. were madeD. will be made( )14.Doctor, it seems that you like to work with animals.Yes, I think animals should as our friends.A.

15、 regardB. be regardedC. were madeD. will be made( )15.The book Mary. It has her name on it. A. is belonging toB. is belonged toC. belongs toD. belongs( )16.Soft drinks to children for free in some restaurants on Childrens Day. A. offerB. have offeredC. were offeredD. will be offered( )17.How about t

16、he cloth you bought yesterday? Its very beautiful. And it so soft. A. feltB. feelsC. is feltD. feel( )18.Do you believe there are aliens? Im afraid not. I dont think aliens in space. A. can find B. can be foundC. can be foundedD. cant be found( )19.Why have you carried your cupboard out of the kitch

17、en? Because it needs . A. to paintB. being paintedC. paintD. painting( )20.Every year, more than 70,00,000 sharks for their fins (鱼翅). A. were killedB. have killedC. are killedD. will kill( )21.Mom, when can I watch TV? As soon as your homework . A. finishB. is finishedC. finishedD. will be finished

18、( )22.No decision about that matter yet. We are still considering it. A. has been made B. has madeC. will be madeD. will make( )23.When I called the bus service, I that there was no more bus. A. was tellingB. was toldC. has toldD. had told( )24.Your city looks beautiful. Yes. Many bridges last year.

19、 A. are builtB. builtC. were builtD. has built( )25.When will the birthday party , on Monday evening or Tuesday evening? A. holdB. be heldC. heldD. be holding( )26.The wall by those children now. A. was being paintedB. is being paintedC. was paintedD. is painting( )27.The milk strange. Do you think

20、its OK to drink? A. was tastedB. tastedC. is tastingD. tastes( )28.Li Ming will be 12 years old next month. A new bike for him as a birthday present on that day. A. is boughtB. was boughtC. will be boughtD. will buy( )29. A：My father bought me a new computer this week. B：A new computer me by my fath

21、er this week.( )30.A：Mr Smith will give us a talk tomorrow. B：We a talk by Mr Smith tomorrow.( )31.A：Will they water the flowers this afternoon?B： the flowers by them this afternoon.( )32.A：The girl was heard to sing a song in her room by us.B：We the girl a song in her room.( )33.A：He didnt break th

22、e window. B：The window by him.( )34.A：Everyone should give back the books on time.B：The books should on time.( )35.A：What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?B：What the boys often to do by the teachers?状语从句( )1. Whats your plan for the summer holidays?Ill go to Beijing the school term ends.A.

23、 in order thatB. so thatC. as soon asD. even though( )2. I think not difficult English every morning.A. that; keep readingB. its; keep readingC. that; to keep reading D. it; to keep reading( )3. The bus driver always says to us, “Dont get off the bus stops.”A. whenB. whileC. untilD. if( )4.Excuse me

24、. Could you wake me up when my friend here?Of course. But we still dont know when your friend here.A. comes; will comeB. comes; comes C. will come; comes D. will come; will come( )5. We should give the boy another chance he has made some mistakes.A. thoughB. when C. unless D. because( )6. We will go

25、 for a picnic if it tomorrow.A. doesnt rainB. wasnt rainy C. wont rain D. wasnt raining( )7. I was happy on hearing the good news that I couldnt even fall asleep.A. tooB. so C. suchD. much( )8. A tourist will easily lose his way in Beijing he has a map or a guide.A. ifB. because C. unlessD. when( )9

26、. You have to leave now you can catch the early bus.A. so thatB. as soon asC. becauseD. if( )10. Alice, please tell Eric to call me when he back.No problem.A. comeB. comesC. cameD. will come( )11. If he ,I swimming alone.A. doesnt come; will goB. wont come; will goC. will come; wont goD. is coming;

27、dont go( )12. I dont have to introduce him to you you know the boy.A. untilB. unlessC. sinceD. but( )13. Tommy, do you know if Frank to the theatre with us this Sunday if it ?Sorry, I have no idea.A. will go; is fineB. goes; is fineC. will go; is going to be fine D. goes; will be fine( )14. So you w

28、ere in the supermarket you heard a strange sound, right?Thats true. I ran out as quickly as possible. A. whenB. whileC. then D. which( )15. We wont start the meeting our teacher arrives.A. thoughB. untilC. whileD. or( )16. James with the Greens the White Tower Park if it tomorrow.A. are going to; is

29、nt rainyB. are going to; doesnt rainC. is going to; wont rainD. is going to; isnt rainy( )17.When will you come to see me, Dad? I will go to see you when you the training course.A. finishedB. finishC. are finishingD. will finish( )18. Where did you put the keys?Oh, I I put them on the chair because

30、the phone rang as I in.A. remembered; comeB. remembered; was comingC. remember; comeD. remember; was coming( )19. Usually we dont realize how important the nature is to us it is too late.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. after( )20. We have been good friends we joined the same ping-pong team.A. afterB. befor

31、eC. sinceD. until( )21. He met many problems he was going over his lessons.A. beforeB. as soon asC. sinceD. while( )22. Tomorrow will be fathers Day. What will you do for your father?I will say “I love you, Daddy” as soon as he up.A. will wake B. is wakingC. wakesD. woke( )23. If you him tomorrow, p

32、lease ask him if he to work on the farm with us.A. see ; goesB. will see; goesC. will see; will goD. see; will go( )24. I like the pop star that I never miss his concert.A. very muchB. too muchC. quite muchD. so much( )25. He was so happy see his name on the notice he couldnt believe his eyes.A. tha

33、t; thatB. to; toC. that; toD. to; that二、定语从句一.定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词一般位于先行词与定语从句之间，且作为定语从句的一个句子成分。关系代词主要有：who, whom, whose（一般指人），that（指人或物），which（指物）等。关系副词主要有：when（时间），where（地点），why（原因）等。1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语.宾语.定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句

34、中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：作主语Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（人在定语从句中作主语时可用who或that, 在从句中作主语不能省）作宾语He is the man(whom/that/who) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。 (人在定语从句中作宾语时whom/who/that，在从句中作宾语时可以省略)whose用来指人或物，只用作定语。如：They rushed over to

35、help the man whose car had broken down.那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语.宾语等。如：作主语Rosa likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.罗莎喜欢轻柔的音乐。（物在定语从句中作主语时可用which/that, 在句中作主语时不能省略）作宾语This is the book (that/which)Im looking for.这是我正在找的书。（物在定语从句中作宾语时可用which/that，在句中作look for的宾语可省）2.

36、 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间.地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。如：Do you remember the day when ( on which) I saw you?你还记得我见到你的那一天吗？（某年某月时用in which）Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born. 北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?

37、这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？三.注意事项：1. 指人时，宜用who, 不用that的情况。 先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时，宜用who. Eg： Those ( who want to go to the Great Wall ) come here. 当先行词有较长的后置定语时：Eg: I met a foreigner in the street yesterday( who could ask me questions in Chinese. ) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who. The boy ( t

38、hat you met last night ) is the group leader ( who studies very hard). 在there be 开头的句子。 There is an old man ( who wants to see you ).2. 指物时，只可用that 不用which 的情况。 （1）当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时。例如： Im a football fan. Im interested in everything that is about

39、football. 我是个足球迷，关于足球的一切我都感兴趣。All that you can do is to lie down and rest. 你所能做的就是躺下来休息。 （2）先行词被all, every, some, any, no, little, much等修饰时。例如： You can borrow any book that you want to read. 你可以借任何一本你想读的书。 I havent got anybooks that he needs. 我没有他所需要的任何书。 （3）先词词被the only, the very, the same, the las

40、t 等修饰时（当先行词表示人时，也可用关系代词who, whom）。例如： It is the very pen thatI am looking for. 它正是我一直在寻找的铅笔。The last placethatthey visited in China was MountTai. 他们在中国参观的最后一个地方是泰山。 （4）当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如： This is the first English grammar book that she has read. 这是她读过的第一本英语语法书。 He worked out the most difficult pr

41、oblem thatI had seen. 他解答出了我所见到过的最难的问题。 （5）先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词（先行词既有人又有物）时。例如： The writer and his novel that you talked about just now are really well known. 你们刚才谈论的那位作家和他的小说的确很有名。 （6）当主句以who或which 开头时。例如： Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? 刚才跟你说话的那个女孩是谁？ Which is the carthatwas made in Chi

42、na? 哪辆车是中国制造的？一、用适当的关系词填空（每空一词）1.Jane is one of the students in the class have ever been to China.2. Most Americans love Chinese food is cooked in a different way from western food.e story I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers.4. Anyone comes to China will surely visit t

43、he Great Wall in Beijing.5. Do you know the reason he doesnt like that person?6. This is the girl with I live together.7. Is there anyone here name is Betty?8. Tom is the boy has been chosen to take part in the match.9. Keep the books in a place you can find them easily.10. We wont forget the day th

44、e hero was killed11. Can you tell me the reason it is so hot today?12. The museum we visited yesterday is not far form here.13. I want to know the day Shanghai was liberated. 14. The room has two windows is our office.15. Well never forget the years we spent the countryside.16. The first thing you m

45、ust do is to have a meal. 17. The house we live in is very big.18. The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 19. This is the present he gave me for my birthday.20. The man talked to you just now is an engineer.21. He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.22. There is nothing

46、 in the world can frighten him.23. He lives in the room window faces to the south.三、非谓语动词( )1. Try to sing more English songs, and you will find it interesting a foreign language.A. learningB. learnsC. learnD. to learn( )2. You arent a student now, are you? , dont you remember me in the classroom te

47、n minutes ago?A. No; seeingB. Yes; seeingC. No; to see( )3. It was time for class. Mr. King asked all the children down quietly.A. sitB. satC. to sitD. sitting( )4. When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Fei my homework. I really got .A. copying; annoyed B. copying; annoyingC. copy; anno

48、yedD. copied; annoyed( )5. It took me two weeks reading the novels written by Guo Jingmjing.A. finish B. to finishC. finishesD. finishing( )6. Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time what you like every day.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done( )7. Why is Linlin practicing speaking English

49、? abroad for further study.A. GoB. GoneC. To goD. Goes( )8. They preferred rather than a bike.A. to walk; to rideB. walking; riding C. to walk; ride( )9. last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment.A. to getB. gotC. getD. getting( )10. Im very tired

50、these days. Why not music? You will feel .A. listen to; relaxed B. listening to; relaxingC. listening to; relaxed D. listen to; relaxing( )11.Mr Li prefers at home to outside. A. stay; walkB. staying; walkC. staying; walkingD. stay; walking( )12.It is so hot in the classroom. Would you mind the wind

51、ows?No. Ill do it right nowA. to closeB. to openC. openingD. closing( )13.He used the money he first made a used bike for himself. A. buyingB. buyC. to buyD. bought( )14.Maria was looking forward to to Nancys birthday party. A. invitingB. being invitedC. inviteD. be invited( )15.When Im thirsty, I p

52、refer water rather than other drinks. A. drinking; B. to drink; drinkC. to drink; drinkingD. drinking; to drink( )16.Can the project be finished as planned?Sure, it completed on time, well work two more hours a day.A. having gotB. getC. gettingD. to get( )17.I am sorry to have kept you . It doesnt matter. Ive just come. A. waitB. waitedC. waitingD. to wait( )18.Lucy was too excited anything when she heard the good news. A. sayingB. saysC. to s