英语语法讲解课件-状语从句课件

1、表示时间、地点、原因、目的We sleep at night at home.必须符合“从句的三个必须”必须是句子；必须有连接词；必须是陈述句 用一个句子充当状语成分，那个句子就是状语从句。定义状语从句状语从句同副词，介词词组等作状语一样，用于修饰谓语修饰谓语，说明谓语动作的时间，地点，方式，手段，条件，程度，比较，原因，目的，结果等 1. I get up at 6:002. It is dark3. I get up when it is dark状语从句分类1. 表示时间表示时间 2. 表示地点表示地点 3. 表示原因表示原因 4. 表示结果表示结果 5. 表示目的表示目的6. 表示条件

2、表示条件7. 表示让步表示让步8. 表示比较表示比较返回表示时间 一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句 When, as ,while, before, after, till, Until, as soon as, The moment, the minute, the first time. （名词性短语）E.G. 1. When/As he was eating his breakfast, he heard the door bell ring.2. While I was reading, he was playing.3. The mother didnt go to bed unti

3、l her little daughter returned home last night. 昨晚母亲等到她的小女儿回家才睡觉。表示地点二、地点状语从句二、地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的主要有引导地点状语从句的主要有:where, wherever及及- where构成的复合词。构成的复合词。EG:1. We shall go where people are kind.2. Just stay where you are.3. We received a warm welcome everywhere we arrived. 我们每到一个地方都受到了热烈的欢迎。我们每到一个地方都受到了热

4、烈的欢迎。表示原因 三、原因状语从句三、原因状语从句最常用的连词是: because， since， as， now （that）等EG: He is absent today because he was ill. As it is snowing，we shall not go out. You couldnt see him, for he wasnt there.（不句首）（不句首）4. Since you are ill, I will go alone.表示结果 四、结果状语从句四、结果状语从句可以由可以由 so that， so.that， such.that so that,

5、sothat, suchthat so that“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。 注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。表结果。 sothat “如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.so+形副that2.so+形a(an)单数名词that3.somany/much复数名词（不可数名词）+that suchthat“如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常见于： 1.sucha(an)形名词that2.such形复数名词不可数名词thatE.G. 1. He was so angry that he left the room without a

6、 word. 他很生气他很生气,一句话不说就离开一句话不说就离开了房间。了房间。 2. It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.3. The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.4. The box is so heavy as nobody can move .5. I didnt go early, so that I didnt get a seat.表示目的四、目的状语从句四、目的状语从句主要的引导词有主要的引导词有: so that， in order that， 目的状语从句常常含有情

7、态动词。目的状语从句常常含有情态动词。 E.G. They are hurrying so that / in order that they may not miss the train. 他们为了赶他们为了赶上火车而匆匆忙忙。上火车而匆匆忙忙。 He works hard in order that / so that he can serve his country well.表示条件 五、条件状语从句五、条件状语从句最常用的引导词有最常用的引导词有: if， if only（if 的强调式）, unless (= if not)， as long as， so long asE.G.1

8、. As long as I live, I shall work hard.2. You cant learn it well unless you work hard.3. If you want to know ,I can tell you.表示让步 六、让步状语从句六、让步状语从句主要的引导词有主要的引导词有: though， although，as even if， even though however, Whatever , whenever等though, although, as, though, although在句首表“尽管”两者都可以用。但句后不能再用but。 下列情

9、况只能用though： as though (=as if); even if (=even though) 在句末表示“然而，不过，但是”English is a difficult subject. Its interesting,though.as表示“尽管”，从句的表语、状语等成分要倒装。 whatever, however, wherever, whenever 它们是what, how, where, when的强势强势语气语气。分别等于： no matter what, no matter how no matter where, no matter whenE.G.I wont

10、 mind even if (though) he doesnt come.Though it was cold, she went out without an overcoat.Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.Whether it shines or rains, I will go.No matter who / whoever comes here, I will not let him in.you can take whatever you like.表示比较八、比较状语从句八、比较状语从句主要由主要由 than， as.as, the

11、morethe more 这类从句常常有一些成分没有表示出来: E.G. The more you eat, the fatter you are. John is less clever than Tom. He is not so/as clever as his brother.1 _ they had worked for along time, everyone looked tired. A While B After C Unless D For 2 He has been a teacher _ he came to the country. A since B until C

12、 as D when 3 He has had to cook by himself _ his mother went on business to Beijing. A during B since C after Dwhen 4 It is ten years _ I saw you last time. A since B when C that D if 5 He always thinks Im wrong, _ I may say. A no matter whatever B whatever C what D that 6 _ , Mother will wait for h

13、im to have dinner together.A However late is he B However he is late C However is he late D However late he is 7 You should run the machine _ the workers has shown you. A as B and C but Dso 9 The man put on a overcoat _ keep himself warm. A that B so that to C in order that Din order to 10 He has ch

14、anged so much _ I can hardly recognize him. A as B so that C that Dbut 11 Wounded _ he was, he refused to come back from the front. A as B though C although Dboth A and B 12 Well both wait here _ you get back. A so that B that C until Dfor 13 Some people want to go hunting, _ others want to go finis

15、hing. A or B because C while D since 14 Bad habits, _ formed, are difficult to get rid of. A and B once C or D but 15 You must get up early in the morning, _ well have to start out without you. A and B or C but D so that 16 Would you please wait _ I come back. A if B when C because Dtill 17 He could

16、nt come _ he wanted to. A as B because C although Dfor 18 _ you gave a party and no one come, what would you do? A Although B If C Unless DWhen 19 You may borrow the book _ you keep it clean. A as long as B when C after D unless 20. John plays football _ , if not better than, David. A as well B as w

17、ell as C so well D so well as 状语从句考点状语从句考点 1、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较；、各种从属连词的含义及用法比较；2、no matter wh- 与与 wh-ever 引导的从句的区别；引导的从句的区别；3、状语从句的倒装问题；、状语从句的倒装问题；4、状语从句与其它从句的区别。、状语从句与其它从句的区别。1、时间状语从句、时间状语从句问题问题1： Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. （03全国卷）全国卷） Aunless Bsince Calthough DwhenD D复习复习when 时

18、要注意比较它与时要注意比较它与while 与与 as 的区别。的区别。when, while, as 三者的具体用法关键在于动作发生的时三者的具体用法关键在于动作发生的时间及从句的动词。间及从句的动词。while 表时间，从句需用延续性动词，不用瞬间动词；表时间，从句需用延续性动词，不用瞬间动词；when 表时间，从句既可用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词；表时间，从句既可用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词；as 表时间，与表时间，与when 相似，但侧重强调主、从句动作同点相似，但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行，可用延续行动词的一般过去式表式过去进行时。或同段进行，可用延续行动词的一般过去式表式

19、过去进行时。(一边一边一边一边; 随着随着)when, while 后还可以接分词短语。后还可以接分词短语。when 作并列连词，表示一个动作在发生时，作并列连词，表示一个动作在发生时，另一个动作接着发生，这时就不能用另一个动作接着发生，这时就不能用while、as。 I was walking on the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder. while 作并列连词，表示两种情况对比。作并列连词，表示两种情况对比。 He was playing the guitar while his sister was watc

20、hing TV. 问题问题2：1) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him he became one of the top students in his grade. （03北京春季）北京春季） AafterBunless CuntilDWhen2) Simon thought his computer was broken _ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it

21、 on. （05北京春季）北京春季） A. until B. unless C. after D. because CAuntil / till “直到直到止止”(肯定句，主句是延续肯定句，主句是延续性动词性动词);notuntil “直到直到才才”(否定句，主句是终否定句，主句是终止性动词止性动词); until 可用于倒装句和强调句，可用于倒装句和强调句，till不用于句不用于句首。首。 Not until I returned did she finish her homework. It was not until I returned home that she finished h

22、er homework.问题问题3：1、The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end. (05广东卷广东卷) A. after B. before C. when D. then2、He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. （03北京）北京） A. until B. when C. beforeD. as BCbefore 从句是高考中的一大热点，从时间概从句是高考中的一大热点，从时间概念上不难作出判断。念

23、上不难作出判断。 before 与高考Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _I could answer the phone. A. before B. since C. until D as A1.表示表示”在在之前之前”.这时主句和从句两个动这时主句和从句两个动作按时间先后依次发生作按时间先后依次发生Where did you study before you joined the army?2.表示表示“才才”强调从句的动作发生得强调从句的动作发生得晚或慢晚或慢He had walked fo

24、r a whole day before he found water.3.表示表示“还没来得及还没来得及就就”强调在从强调在从句动作发生之前句动作发生之前, 主句动作已发生主句动作已发生.He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.注意：这时注意：这时before 本身含有否定意义，本身含有否定意义，从句不能再用否定句从句不能再用否定句The students rushed out of the classroom before the bell rang.翻译：铃还没响，学生们就冲出了教室翻译：铃还没响，学生们就冲出了教室5.表示表

25、示“不知不觉地不知不觉地就就”常用于句常用于句型型before one knew it.Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it. 4.表示表示“趁着没趁着没” “以免以免”We want to buy something now before prices go up.6.用在用在“It was/will be (not)+一段一段时间时间before 从句从句”中，译作中，译作“才才” “就就” (1) It was not long before he left for the United Sta

26、tes.(2) It was three weeks before they arrived at the mountain village.(3) It will be four years before we meet again.时间状语从句的连词时间状语从句的连词1.once, as soon as ( immediately, directly, instantly, the minute/moment/instant ) hardly/scarcely when , no soonerthan2. every/each time, next time , the first/sec

27、ond / last time by the time 3. When / whenever # When I came in , some students were sleeping. Whenever you are in trouble, Ill help you.1._ I met him , he was dressed very well.2. We saw an English film _last night. 3. This is _ that we have seen the famous star.The first time for the first timethe

28、 first time Since (conj./ prep./ adv.) 1.I havent heard from him since I left school. 2. We have lived here since 2003/ ten years ago. 3. They have never seen it ever since. It + be + some time + since-clause 这个句型表示从这个句型表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间，意为的一段时间，意为“自从自从.以来已多久了以来已多久

29、了” It is + some time since ( did ) It has been + some time since .( did ) It was + some time since ( had done ) 1. It is ten years since I left here.2. It is three years since his father passed away . 。 1. I left school ten years ago.2. It is ten years since I left school. 3. We have lived here for

30、ten years. 4. It is ten years since we lived here. We havent lived here for ten years .短暂动词表示动作短暂动词表示动作开始开始 ; 延续动词表示动作延续动词表示动作结束结束问题问题4： Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her. （01北京春季）北京春季） Awhile Bthe moment Csuddenly DonceB 地点状语从句地点状语从句- where / wh

31、erever 例题例题 Make a mark_ you have a question. A. in which B. there C. where D. that Make a mark in a place where you have a question. C Translating I found my books where I had left them. You can go wherever you like. Where there is a will , there is a way. Wherever you go , you wont be welcome. Whe

32、re there is plenty of sun and rain , the fields are green. Ex. 1. You should put your book _ it belongs. A. to which B . to where C. where D. which 2. Young people should go _. A. where mostly needed B. in which most needed C. where most needed D. where they most neededCCIII. 原因状语从句原因状语从句- Why was h

33、e punished ? - _.A. It was since he broke the law B. It was because he broke the law. C. It was as he broke the law. D. It was that he broke the law. because ; as; since - ( now ) that / seeing that Since you dont feel well , you may stay at home as well. As he is honest and diligent , everyone like

34、s him. for conj. 并列连词并列连词 The ground is very wet , for it rained last night. The day has broken , for some birds are singing. 条件状语从句条件状语从句 问题问题1：1、The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国）全国） Aas long as B. While Cif Deven thoug

35、h2、 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. （05重庆卷）重庆卷） A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if C A问题问题2：1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季）北京春季） A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 2、I always take som

36、ething to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全国卷全国卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if B BA A as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用B。in case 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。条件状语从句：条件状语从句： if , unless ,( if not.) as long as / so long as on conditi

37、on that 只要只要as / so far as “就就而论（而言）而论（而言）” in case 万一万一 suppose/ supposing provided / providing that 假定假使假定假使Translating 1. As long as you are happy ,it doesnt matter what you do.2. In case I forget , please remind me about it. 3. Suppose I see him , what shall I tell him ? 4. Unless Im mistaken ,

38、I ve seen that man before.5. If it were to rain , we wouldnt go there.6. If given another chance, he still kept talking.7.If possible, hand in your homework before Monday.让步状语从句让步状语从句 问题问题1： 1、 _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. （04江苏）江苏） A. While B. Since C. Before D.

39、 Unless2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷）湖南卷） A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though AB 问题问题2： 1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was.（05天津卷）天津卷） A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2、The old tower must

40、 be saved, _the cost. （05浙江）浙江） Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever ABno matter wh- 与与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：的联系及区别：no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此只引导让步状语从句，此时与时与 wh-ever通用。通用。如如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如：不能。如：Who

41、ever can help us will be welcome although , though , as (倒装）倒装）=but= 可与可与yet/still/ nevertheless even if / even though no matter who/ what / when /how= whoever, whomever, whatever, whenever whether or 让步名词性从句让步名词性从句1.Whether he agrees or not , I have decided to go there.2. I dont know whether he wil

42、l come or not. Either or 引导并列句引导并列句Either you go there or you ask him to come here.1.I have a bit of a cold . Its nothing serious , though.2. Although it was dark, yet they kept on working.3. Try as he might , he failed again.4. No matter who gave him advice , he wouldnt listen.5. Though a young man

43、 , he is experienced in teaching.6. Whatever we do is serve the people.7. However hard I try, I can never catch up with him.8. Youngest as he is in his class , he speaks English best.其它状语从句其它状语从句方式状语方式状语 as, as if, as though结果状语结果状语- sothat / so that/ suchthat目的状语目的状语= so that ; in order that比较状语比较状

44、语= as.as; than; the more, the more 比例状语比例状语1.He did the exercises as he was told 2. Though she is young , she walks as if she were an old lady. 3. Speak louder so that we can hear you clearly. 4. This is such an difficult problem that no one can work it out. 5. He got up early so that he could catch the first bus. 状语从句状语从句= 非谓语做状语非谓语做状语7. He moved his lips as if to speak. 8. The boy is running impatiently here and there as if searching for something lost . 9. The football player is rolling on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg.6. We are not such fools