阅读理解-词义猜测ppt

1、英语阅读理解专项训练词义猜测词义猜测 这类题型要求考生根据文章猜测词语的词义， 即要求对文章中个别关键词做出解释， 这就要求考生对通篇文章能够有较透彻的理解，是高考英语阅读理解中的一个难点，历年来在此类题型中考生失分较多，所以还应引起我们的充分重视。 猜测词义通常分为两大类： 一是大纲要求掌握的词汇，但是熟词新义，并不是很容易把握； 二是超纲词汇，即要求考生根据文章猜测词义。 三是根据上下文判断代词it, this, he 和they等的指代关系。 题干提问方式： 1. The underlined word/ phrase “” in Paragraph 2 most probably me

2、ans_. 2. By “” (Paragraph 2), the author means _. 3. The word “” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _. 4. “They” in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to _. 5. The word “that” in Line 3 stands for_. 6. In Line 8 the word “” could best be replaced by_.解题策略： 1）、释义法。阅读文章中某些生词在上下文中得到解释）、释义法。阅读文章中某些生词

3、在上下文中得到解释或说明。这些解释以下定义、定语从句、标点符号（逗号或说明。这些解释以下定义、定语从句、标点符号（逗号/破折号破折号/括号）、解释词（括号）、解释词（or/that is /that is to say/in other words）、表语形式出现）、表语形式出现2）、举例法。在一些文章中，下文所举的例子（如）、举例法。在一些文章中，下文所举的例子（如 for example/for instance/such as/like/namely）给考生猜测词）给考生猜测词义提供线索。义提供线索。3)、 构词法。考生依据构词法方面的知识对生词进行猜测。构词法。考生依据构词法方面的知识

4、对生词进行猜测。特别要掌握常见的特别要掌握常见的前缀前缀和和后缀后缀。前缀：前缀：super-（超）（超）;inter-（在（在之间）之间）,mini-（极（极少的少的/微型的）微型的）, micro-（极微小的）（极微小的） 后缀：后缀：-proof（防（防的，的，不能穿透的）不能穿透的）,-some（易（易于于的）的）,-less（不，无）（不，无）,-根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等缀）、转化等后缀，构成可数名词：后缀，构成可数名词：-er, -or, -ian, -ist, -ese, -ess后缀，构成抽象名词：后缀，构成抽象名词：-men

5、t, -tion, -ness, -sion, -ery, -ing否定前缀：否定前缀：dis-, in-, mis-, un-, non-其他前缀：其他前缀：re-重复重复, co-共同、平等共同、平等, mini-微型微型, over-过度过度, super-超级超级, pre-前前, post-后后, vice-副的副的, en-使使, tele-远程远程形容词后缀：形容词后缀：-al, -ble, -er, -ful, -ish, -ive, -less, -y, -ous动词后缀：动词后缀：-en, -ize, -ify 例：例：weaken, realize, satisfy 4）

6、对比法。根据词语之音的对等（）对比法。根据词语之音的对等（and ,or ）或相反）或相反（but , however, on the other hand , though）关系猜测词）关系猜测词义。义。 5)上下文法。根据上下文找复现或同现信息。上下文法。根据上下文找复现或同现信息。 6）常识法。考生利用生活常识、英语语言常识、英语国）常识法。考生利用生活常识、英语语言常识、英语国家文化常识进行猜测词义。家文化常识进行猜测词义。词义猜测训练词义猜测训练1. The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-loo

7、king in time. It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny summer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experience. 68. The underlined phrase “out-of-the-way” in Paragraph 4 means _.A. far-away B. dangerous C. ancient

8、D. secret分析：选分析：选A。由合成词。由合成词out-of-the-way的原意以及的原意以及下句中的下句中的isolation一词，可知灯塔在一个一词，可知灯塔在一个“孤零零孤零零”的地方。的地方。2. Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when theyre being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments

9、 and see for themselves.” 70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .A. value B. result C. performance D. connection分析：选分析：选B。运用。运用“构词法构词法”进行猜测。动词词组进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为的意义为“露出、出现、显露出露出、出现、显露出”。再根据。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的实验的)结果。结果。3. Fermats Last Theo

10、rem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to b

11、e able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. 65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit peoples imagination

12、.答案与解析：答案与解析： 选选B。由句中不难看出。由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中），并且在句中beaten和和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。的意思。4. A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacl

13、erio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? A. A party designed by specialists. B. A plan requiring careful thought. C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble. D. A demand made by guests.答案与解析：答案为答案与解析：答案为C。根据前句的否定。根据前句的否定doesnt与后

14、句与后句的肯定的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与的意思应该与fun相反，而与相反，而与difficulty, trouble相相近。近。5. The plants are about one meter apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because

15、 it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got. 68In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means .Aregular cutting of the plantsBfrequent watering Cregular use of chemicalsDgrowing the plants high in the mountain答案与解析：选答案与解析：选A。由此段中的。由

16、此段中的 The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. 便可猜出便可猜出Pruning的词义为的词义为“剪枝修剪剪枝修剪”。6. “No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today. “ I just dont buy it.” Nor should he: in 1999

17、the U.S. Department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. 58. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _ A. mind B. admit C. believe D. expect答案与解析：选C。熟词生义熟词生义。buy原意为“买，购买”，在此处根据语境可知意为“相信”。从本段第一句话可知，Mahoney持怀疑态度。后面列举的。400,000这个数字也表示出他的不相信。

18、7. “Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into t

19、he organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. 62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text? A. Growing interest in organic food. B. Better quality of organic food. C. Rising market for org

20、anic food. D. Higher prices of organic food.答案与解析：由答案与解析：由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something可以推断出，越来越多的顾客可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像像Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。8. However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually

21、 not so obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject. 71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_”. A. try very hard B. take our time C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful答案与解析：选答案与解析：选A。由。由However从句当中的从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的（乍一

22、眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。项为最佳选项。9. “I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder.” 63. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to _ . A. shame B. hate C. anger D. f