高考阅读理解复习过程

1、高考阅读理解调查反馈调查反馈内容内容单选单选 完形完形 阅读阅读 听力听力 改错改错 写作写作百分比百分比20202323323214143 38 83 3、对于英语高考，我最没有把握并想快速提、对于英语高考，我最没有把握并想快速提高的题型是高的题型是 Please work hard at the Please work hard at the reading comprehension reading comprehension！ 阅读理解题考查的是考生阅读理解英语阅读理解题考查的是考生阅读理解英语篇章的能力，文章涉及到人物、故事、经济、篇章的能力，文章涉及到人物、故事、经济、政治、新闻、

2、广告、科普、文化、社会等多政治、新闻、广告、科普、文化、社会等多种题材种题材, , 涵盖了记叙文、说明文、议论文和涵盖了记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文等多种体裁，它考查的不仅是考生对应用文等多种体裁，它考查的不仅是考生对整篇文章的把握能力整篇文章的把握能力, , 而且考查考生快速捕而且考查考生快速捕捉信息捉信息, , 准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思能力。考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思, , 更更重要的是能通过文章的表层去合理推断重要的是能通过文章的表层去合理推断, , 挖挖掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。 阅

3、读理解考查内容阅读理解考查内容近六年阅读短文题材一览表(以全国卷I为例)ABCDE03科普类 新闻类 广告类 人文类 文化类04史地类 科普类 广告类 科普类 科普类05广告类 故事类 哲理类 科普类 文化类06文化类 文化类 广告类 社会类 哲理类07哲理类 文化类 广告类 社会类 哲理类08故事类 科普类 科普类 广告类 社会类 考试大纲考试大纲要求要求1 1、理解主旨和要义；、理解主旨和要义；2 2、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；3 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义；4 4、做出简单判断和推理；、做出简单判断和推理；5 5、理解文章的基本结构；、理解文章的

4、基本结构；6 6、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 阅读理解命题分类阅读理解命题分类主旨大意型主旨大意型事实细节型事实细节型词义猜测型词义猜测型推理判断型推理判断型命题类命题类主旨大意型主旨大意型常见提问形式常见提问形式1). 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式:The main idea of the passage isThe passage is mainly aboutWhich of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?What is the passage m

5、ainly about?2). 目的类主旨大意题The passage is meant to .The purpose of this article is to 3). 标题类主旨大意题The best title for the passage might beThe paragraph could be entitledHow To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把

6、握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。容易抓住文章的中心。 第三第三: 要学会借助文章的结构来把握中要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。心思想。段落中心思想段落中心思想常常由主题句常常由主题

7、句( Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常来表达。主题句常常出现在段首出现在段首(60%-90%)或段尾处或段尾处, 有时有时也在段落中间。同样也在段落中间。同样, 一篇文章的中心一篇文章的中心思想思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此此, 在阅读中在阅读中, 我们要对文章的开始段和我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型实战演练实战演练1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that

8、 cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an

9、 unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health pro

10、blems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?（1）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。

11、2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance So, it is foo

12、lish totry to judge a person only by his appearance（2）主题句也会出现在段尾。）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是它是此段内容的结论此段内容的结论 3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your atten

13、tion: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales trick is called

14、 “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buyer Be CarefulB. Closeout(出清存货) Sale C. Crim

15、e Pays D. Buying a TV Set This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. 4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him wit

16、h an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later fr

17、om Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail一、主旨大意型一、主旨大意型解题要领解题要领A、干扰项干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。B、干扰项干扰项 可能属从文中某些可能属从文中某些 ( (不完全的不完全的) ) 事事 实或细节片面推出的错误结论。实或细节片面推出的错误结论。C、干扰项干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。

18、可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。D、正确项正确项 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳 概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过 其实或以偏概全。其实或以偏概全。Types Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentenced e t a i l sParagraph ideasPassage idea猜测词义题常见设问方式:1. The word “.” refers to/pro

19、bably means2. The underlined word “”could best be replaced by3. What do you think the expression “”stands for?4. By saying “”,we mean5. “”,as used in the passage can best be defined as 6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “”?7. The underlined phrase “”is closet in meaning t

20、o.?8. The underlined word “.” roughly means? How to guess the meanings of new words?A is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.信号词：信号词：be, be called, means, be defined

21、as1. Definition and explanation 利用定义和解释猜测词义；利用定义和解释猜测词义； 蚊子蚊子沙漠沙漠Ex. 1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a . His uncle is a , an expert who does research on animals. The , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人Though Toms face has

22、 been washed quite clean, his neck still remains . John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very .2. Guessing from Comparison and Contrast信号词信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one handon the other hand, for one thingfor another thing, ins

23、tead of 等等污秽的污秽的节约的节约的Ex. 2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of . If you agree, write “ yes”; if you , write “no”. 混乱混乱不同意不同意Rubber(橡胶橡胶) can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very . The river

24、 is so that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.3. Guessing word from Cause and Result信号词信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus, owing to, thanks to, result in, lead to, contribute to, result from, contribute to 弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的Ex. 3Hes such a

25、businessman that he loses no money in any trade. She wanted the hairdresser to her hair a bit because it was too long. 精明的精明的 修剪修剪Cars must have certain safety such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise , such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.家

26、禽家禽装置装置 信号词信号词: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of4. Guessing word from examples. In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to , or water, their fields. All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins be

27、long to , that is to say, they are toothed whales.5.Guessing words according to retelling 信号词信号词: or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way, i.e.灌溉灌溉有牙齿的有牙齿的The new tax law or replaces the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old

28、woman, almost as as mother, and much shorter.6. Guessing word from Synonym and Antonym 信号词信号词: or, and, like , asas, the same as替代替代圆胖的圆胖的, Is he intelligent or stupid? Most women in Ghana- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old- work to earn an income in addition to mai

29、ntaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved. The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means _. A. repeated B. reiterated. C. uneducated D. sickcleverEx.6When a doctor performs an opera

30、tion on a patient, he usually gives an to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch spread in rings on the surface of water.7.Guessing words according to the common se

31、nse 麻药麻药波纹波纹 8. Word formation 即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生 等构词知识判断生词的词义等构词知识判断生词的词义(1)Overwork may cause diseases.前缀前缀over-的意思是的意思是“过分的、过量的过分的、过量的”故故overwork的意思应为的意思应为“工作过度工作过度”。(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.satisfied的意思是的意思是“满意的满意的”，前缀，前缀dis-的意思是的意思是“不不”，故，故dissatisfied的意思应

32、该是的意思应该是“不满意不满意的的”。生活生活常识常识重述重述对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例说明举例说明同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义猜猜 conclusion1.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in

33、 a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.(2004年NMET全国，广东卷)65.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_.A. had weak effects on the customersB. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to

34、 lose interestD. attracted the customers strongly通过因果法可知答案为C2.(NMET2002,E篇,74) A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 74.What does the under lined word hassle probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing di