情态动词课件黄淑萍

1、高中英语公开课高中英语公开课庐江二中庐江二中 黄淑萍黄淑萍 2013.10 情情态动词有一定的意义，态动词有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不但没有人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它和后面的动能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语词构成谓语1. must1) 表表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为示义务或强烈的劝告，意为“必必须须”“”“应该应该”， 其否定式表示其否定式表示“不应该不应该”“”“不许可不许可” “不不准准”“”“禁止禁止”。 1) You must finish your homework first. 2) Children mustnt speak like that to their

2、 parents.2) 表示表示“非要，偏要，非要，偏要，”表达说话者的不满，表达说话者的不满， 3)Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping? 3) 表示对具体事情的推测，意思是表示对具体事情的推测，意思是“一定，一定，肯定肯定”语气语气 较强，只用于肯定句中。较强，只用于肯定句中。1)He must come from American.2)He must be sleeping at the moment.3)He must have stayed up last night.1.Judging from his

3、 accent, he must be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now,isnt, he? doesnt he?arent they?1.We must have learned 2,000 words by the end of last term, hadnt we?3.He must have gone to Beij

4、ing,didnt it?hasnt he?2.It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy，注意：注意：must 和和 have to1.must用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用 neednt或或dont have to，做做 “不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许” e.g.MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt./donthaveto. I dont like this TV

5、set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2. must着重说明主观看法，着重说明主观看法，have to 强强调客观需要。另外，调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更能用于更多时态。多时态。 1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year.2) The new-built theatre can seat 1500 people.3) Can she be in the computer center?4

6、) I though what he said could not be true.5) Can/Could I use your dictionary?6) Could you lend me a hand?1) 1)表表能力能力3)表表示示“请求请求” “允许允许”(表请求时，口语中常用表请求时，口语中常用 could 代替代替 can 使语气更委婉，回答时用使语气更委婉，回答时用can)2)表表示推测，意为示推测，意为“可能可能”“”“或许或许”，用于疑问句或否，用于疑问句或否定句定句 表示不可能表示不可能2. can 与与could4)表表示示“许可许可”，可与，可与may 换用。换用

7、。7）You can go home now.5) 用用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、不相信等，意思是不相信等，意思是“可能、能够可能、能够”。8）How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? Im so tired that I cant help finish the project.He cant help bursting out laughing . 1) cant help doing/to

8、 do/do 情不自禁做什么情不自禁做什么/不能帮忙做什么不能帮忙做什么 2) cant too adj/adv cant adj/adv enough 再怎样都不过分再怎样都不过分You can never be too careful when driving a car. 3) cant but do/cant help but do /cant choose but do 只能做什么只能做什么 I cant but wait for him patiently.固定词组固定词组注意注意 1：Can 和和 be able to区分区分Shecan/beabletosingthesongi

9、nEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable. 1）can, be able to都可都可表示表示“能力能力” Can的主语是人或物的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人的主语是人 Wellbeabletofinishtheworksoon.Ihaventbeenabletoseethefilm.2）can只用于现在时和过去时只用于现在时和过去时(could)。 be able to可以用于各种时态。可以用于各种时态。 3）表）表示特定的某一过去能力或表示示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用成功地做了某事时，只能用was/we

10、re able to， 不能用不能用could。 HewasabletoescapefromEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.Hewasabletoswimbeforehegottired.注意注意2.can/couldhavedone Cant/couldnt have done对对过去发生过去发生行为的可能性进行推测行为的可能性进行推测: :I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.We could have faced the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell

11、 me?1. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. co

12、uld have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed4. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attendedBAAA3. may 与与might1) 表表示示“许可许可”或或“请求请求”，有，有“可以可以”的意思，口

13、语中的意思，口语中 常用常用 might 代代 may ,表示委婉语气。表示委婉语气。 否定回答时用否定回答时用“must not”表表“禁止，阻止禁止，阻止”， 不用不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示表示“可能不可能不” 。 1) May I watch TV after supper? Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 2) 表表示可能性。示可能性。 意为意为“或许，可能或许，可能” might 比比 may 可能性小。可能性小。2) It might be true.3) They may be in the library now.3)

14、may/ might as well + 动词原形动词原形 “还是还是的好的好” may/might well +动词原形动词原形“完全可能完全可能”4) May you +动词原形动词原形 表表“希望、祝愿、祈求希望、祝愿、祈求” “祝你祝你” 6)May you success. 4) Now that it is raining heavily, you might as well stay at home. 5)He may well be proud of his son.注意：注意：might/may have done mightnt/maynt have done表示对表示对过

15、去发生的动作过去发生的动作进行可能性推测。进行可能性推测。 He may not have gone to the clinic. He might have read about the news in the newspaper.1.Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will2.Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B

16、. may C. can D. willAB4. will 与与would 1) 表表“请求、建议请求、建议”等，用等，用 would 比用比用will 委婉，客气些委婉，客气些 1)Will you lend me your book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?2) 用用于表示意志或意愿。于表示意志或意愿。 will 指现在指现在，而，而 would 指指 过去。过去。 3) Ill never do that again. 4) They said that they would help us.3) 表表示习惯性动作。示习惯性动作。 译作译作 “总是

17、、惯于总是、惯于” will 指现在，指现在， would 指过去。指过去。 5)He will often read all night. 6) Fish will die without water. 7) Every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought.4) 表表示功能，译作示功能，译作“能、行能、行” 8) That will be all right. 9) This door wont open.would表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 “总是总是,总要总要”used to表过去常

18、常（现在已没有这种习惯）表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯） “过去常常过去常常”used to 可于状态动词连用可于状态动词连用would不可以不可以 He used to be a quiet boy. () He would be a quiet boy. ( )注意：注意：used to 与与would1.Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but_say where he was. A.mustt B.shouldt C.wouldt D.mightt2.He_not pay unless he is punished

19、 to pay. A.shall B.will C.can D.wouldCB5. Should 与与 ought to 1) 用用于表劝告、建议。于表劝告、建议。 意为意为”应该、应应该、应当当”。 语气强于语气强于ought to 1) Parents ought to take care of their babies.2) 用用于表推测。于表推测。 意为意为 “可能、该可能、该”相似于相似于ought to 2)Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 3)I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude

20、to the old.3)可表示可表示“居然，竟然居然，竟然”。4)用在虚拟句中，可表示如果用在虚拟句中，可表示如果 4)If I should see him, I would tell him the news.注意：Should/shouldnt have doneOught to have done/ought not to have done表示本应该表示本应该/不应该做而实际却没做不应该做而实际却没做/却做了。却做了。You shouldnt have been late for the meeting , as it was very vital.Lucy ought to ha

21、ve handed it on earlier,and now the teacher is annoyed.6. shall1) Shall 与第一、三人称连用，且用在疑问句中时，与第一、三人称连用，且用在疑问句中时， 表说话人征求听话者的允诺。表说话人征求听话者的允诺。 1) Shall we begin our discussion? 2) Shall the driver wait? 2) shall的主语是第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人的主语是第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人 的允诺、警告、命令等语气。的允诺、警告、命令等语气。 3)You shall get the book t

22、omorrow. 4) He shall be punished. 5) You shall go with me. 1.Mum,could I play outside with my friends? If you finish your homework,you _do it. A.shall B.should C. will D. would 2.One of our rules is that every student _wear school uniforms while at school. A.might B.could C.shall D.willAC7. need 和 d

23、are 情态动词 (+动词原形)行为动词needdare 1.1.无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑问句中否定句及疑问句中; ;* *在在if/whetherif/whether之后之后; ;* *或与或与hardlyhardly, , nevernever, , no oneno one, , nobodynobody连用连用; ; 3.3.常以常以needntneednt 和和darentdarent 的形式出现的形式出现; ;4.dare4.dare有其过去时有其过去时dareddared. . 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; (sb.) nee

24、d to do dare to do(sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?判断正误判断正误:He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?These dishes need clean carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully. 情态动词情态动词 +

25、 have done这是历年高考热点之一，这是历年高考热点之一，可表示可表示“推测、责备、怀疑推测、责备、怀疑”等多种意义。等多种意义。一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计1. must have done “想必或肯定已经做了某事想必或肯定已经做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night.2. may/might have done “可能可能/大概已经做了某事大概已经做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but I still n

26、ot sure about it.3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已经做了某事不可能已经做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rained last night注：在疑问句中注：在疑问句中 can/could 表示对过去情况的疑问性表示对过去情况的疑问性 推测，推测，“可能已经可能已经了吗？了吗？” eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom, Who could have done it?二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或

27、责备1. should/ought to have done “过去本该做而没做过去本该做而没做” eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late.2. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “过去不该做的事却做了过去不该做的事却做了” eg: Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have said to you at that moment.3. could/might have done “本来能够做的事却没做本来能够做的事却没做” eg: He could have worked out the problem.He neednt have come.He didnt need to come. 他本没有必要来（实际也没来）他本没有必要来（实际也没来）他本没有必要来（实际却来了）他本没有必要来（实际却来了）4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事却做了