专业课】英译汉第七讲模版课件

1、 英译汉英译汉 第七讲第七讲 省略法省略法 英译汉英译汉 第七讲第七讲 教学内容：教学内容： 1. 从语法角度的省略从语法角度的省略 2从修辞角度的省略从修辞角度的省略 教学目的：教学目的： 通过课堂和课后练习全面掌握英译汉中的省略法通过课堂和课后练习全面掌握英译汉中的省略法 教学重点和难点：教学重点和难点： 1. 省代词；省省代词；省it；省连接词；省冠词；省前置词省连接词；省冠词；省前置词 2. 短语的省略；某些词语的省略短语的省略；某些词语的省略一一. 从语法角度看从语法角度看(一一) 省代词省代词省略作主语的人称代词省略作主语的人称代词（1）前句主语在后句多次出现前句主语在后句多次出现

2、 -Thats the way I am, and try as I might, I havent been able to change it. -Like his friends he had many wonderful ideas, but he only put a few into practice.但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变但我就是这个脾气，虽然几经努力，却未能改变过来。过来。向他的朋友一样，他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想向他的朋友一样，他头脑里虽然有许多美妙的想法，却只有少数付诸实施。法，却只有少数付诸实施。一一. 从语法角度看从语法角度看（2）泛指的英语人称代词

3、作主语）泛指的英语人称代词作主语-When will he arrive? You can never tell.-They say its so.-We have seven days in a week.-The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain.他什么时候到？很难说。他什么时候到？很难说。据说是这样。据说是这样。人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。什么样的东西。一一. 从语法角度看从语法角度看2

4、. 省略作宾语的代词省略作宾语的代词-The following letter will explain itself and needs no explanation.-You must excuse me, I shall not speak of the matter again.-If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.-That dishonest boy is not at all ill. He is alive and kicking in the swimming pool. We all saw

5、 him.下面的话一看就明白，用不着解释下面的话一看就明白，用不着解释。请原谅，我以后再也不提这事了。请原谅，我以后再也不提这事了。如果你读过这些故事，就用自己的话讲出来。如果你读过这些故事，就用自己的话讲出来。那个不诚实的孩子根本没病那个不诚实的孩子根本没病,他在游泳池里活蹦乱他在游泳池里活蹦乱跳的，我们都看见了。跳的，我们都看见了。一一. 从语法角度看从语法角度看3. 省略物主代词省略物主代词-For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its room, its electric wiring, its path a

6、nd its garden.-In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.两周以来他一直注意观察房子的情况，查看各个两周以来他一直注意观察房子的情况，查看各个房间、留心电线的走向以及通道和花园的布局。房间、留心电线的走向以及通道和花园的布局。为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。类和大自然不断地进行着斗争。一一. 从语

7、法角度看从语法角度看（二）省略（二）省略it 1. 非人称用非人称用it-A well-known characteristic of light is that it travels in straight lines.-Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.光的一个尽人皆知的特性是直线传播。光的一个尽人皆知的特性是直线传播。外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。一一. 从语法角度看从语法角度看2. 强调句型中的强调句型中的it-It is only shallow people who jud

8、ge by appearance.- It was in September 1939 that the Second World War broke out. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。就是在就是在1939年的年的9月爆发了第二次世界大战。月爆发了第二次世界大战。一一. 从语法角度看从语法角度看(三三) 省略连接词省略连接词省略并列连接词省略并列连接词and和和or-Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentleman-like.-Men and women, old and young, all joined in the batt

9、le.-Promote physical culture and build up the peoples health.宾利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有礼宾利先生相貌英俊，彬彬有礼男女老少都参加了战斗。男女老少都参加了战斗。发展体育运动，增强人民体质。发展体育运动，增强人民体质。一一. 从语法角度看从语法角度看2. 省略从属连接词省略从属连接词（1）省略表原因的连接词）省略表原因的连接词-We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin. （2）省略表条件的连接词）省略表条件的连接词-If you write to him, the response

10、would be absolute silence and void. -Now, if we put this sofa against the wall and move everything out of the room except the chairs, dont you think it all right?我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。我们看见了一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。你给他写信永远都是石沉大海。你给他写信永远都是石沉大海。你们看，把这个沙发靠墙放，把房里的东西你们看，把这个沙发靠墙放，把房里的东西都搬出来，只留下椅子，怎么样？都搬出来，只留下椅子，怎么样？（3

11、）省略表时间的连接词）省略表时间的连接词-Sunday is the day when I am least busy.-When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon her sorrowfully. 周日我最闲。周日我最闲。最后他站在悬崖边，转过身来悲伤地看着他最后他站在悬崖边，转过身来悲伤地看着他的小妹妹。的小妹妹。(四四) 省略冠词省略冠词-I saw a boy and a girl on my way home. The boy had a book and t

12、he girl a doll.-A boy is always a boy. -Milk is sold by the pound.(五五) 省略前置词省略前置词:译成汉语如果出现在句首，译成汉语如果出现在句首，可以省略。出现在句尾则不能省。可以省略。出现在句尾则不能省。1. 省略表时间的前置词省略表时间的前置词-The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.-On Sundays we have no school. 2. 省略表地点的前置词省略表地点的前置词-Smoking is prohibited in public places.

13、-She hid behind the door. (不省不省)二二. 从修辞角度来看从修辞角度来看(一一) 短语的省略短语的省略-University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.-As it happens, we did not meet there. 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。我们并未在那里碰头。我们并未在那里碰头。(二二) 汉语中不言而喻或可有可无的词省略汉语中不言而喻或可有可无的词省略-There w

14、as no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.-Could you help me in any way?没有下雪，但叶落草枯。没有下雪，但叶落草枯。你能帮帮我吗？你能帮帮我吗？(三三) 同义词、近义词和意义重复的词省略同义词、近义词和意义重复的词省略-He was safe and sound.他平安无恙。他平安无恙。 Assignment1He who knows not and knows not he knows not, he is a fool - shun him.2He who knows

15、 not and knows he knows not, he is simple -teach him.3He who knows and not knows he knows, he is asleep- wake him.4He who knows and knows he knows, he is wise- follow him!5Never trouble yourself with troubles till trouble troubles you.6Since you dont want to go, we wont force you to.7If winter comes

16、, can spring be far behind?8When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north.Assignment9. The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the ridges, passing before the others A young son, of twelve years, brought sea sand in a donke

17、ys creels from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child, still almost an infant, staggered about near his mother, plucking weeds slowly and offering them to his mother as gifts.10. He stirred, and dug his face deeper in the damp, warm curve of the pillow.

18、He was back at the field. The dusk of two hours earlier was graying all around him, the ceaseless raucous roar of just two hours ago was crashing on his heedless earsKey to Assignment1. He who knows not and knows not he knows not, he is a fool - shun him.2. He who knows not and knows he knows not, h

19、e is simple -teach him.3. He who knows and not knows he knows, he is asleep- wake him.4. He who knows and knows he knows, he is wise- follow him!无知且不知其无知者，乃愚昧之人无知且不知其无知者，乃愚昧之人-应避之。应避之。无知且知其无知者，乃单纯之人无知且知其无知者，乃单纯之人-应诲之。应诲之。知之但不知其所知者，乃沉睡之人知之但不知其所知者，乃沉睡之人-应唤之。应唤之。知之且知其所知者，乃大智之人知之且知其所知者，乃大智之人-应从之。应从之。Key

20、 to Assignment5. Never trouble yourself with troubles till trouble troubles you.6. Since you dont want to go, we wont force you to.7. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?8. When it is dark in the east, it is light in the west; when things are dark in the south there is still light in the north

21、.不要自寻烦恼。不要自寻烦恼。你不愿意去，我们也不勉强。你不愿意去，我们也不勉强。冬天来了，春天还会远吗？冬天来了，春天还会远吗？东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。东方不亮西方亮，黑了南方有北方。Key to Assignment9. The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the ridges, passing before the others A young son, of twelve years, brought sea sand in a donkeys creels from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child, still almost an infant, staggered about near