(超详细答案)综合学术英语教程2--答案-上海交通大学出版-蔡基刚

1、综合学术英语教程2答案Unit 1 Multidisciplinary EducationKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well ontheir way to become experts in their field of interest.2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have theskills to work wi

2、th people from a diverse set of disciplines.3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through amultidisciplinary approach.4) College education should produce individuals who may later becomeexpert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers.2. 1) f 2) d 3) a 4) e 5) g 6) m 7) j 8) k 9)

3、l 10) i 11) b 12) h 13) c4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach(6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies.2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasison multidisciplinary studies, which

4、is a prerequisite to producing futureexpert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers.3) Open.4) Open.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as theirown intellect, energy, ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience andpoint of view, et

5、c.2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.3) Names of intellectual giants.4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor,inventor, city planner and architect.4. Set 1: 1) c 2) e 3) d 4) h 5) a 6) g 7) f 8) bSet 2: 1) e 2) a 3) h 4) b 5) c 6) f 7) d 8) g5. (b) P

6、ara. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became hisultimate standard in design.2) First was da Vinci s complete disregard for the accepted boundariesbetween different f ields of knowledge.

7、The second facet of da Vinci s character was his respect for and fascination with nature. The thirdquality of da Vinci s character was an enthusiastic demand forhands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solvingproblems in the real world.3)“ There is a good chance that you will neve

8、r again live and work in acommunity with as many different cultures and backgrounds as MIT. ”(Para. F)4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in newintellectual adventures so as to use their time at MIT to its fullestpotential.5) It means that “ They took the initiative to search

9、for the deepestanswers, instead of sitting back and letting things happen to them. ”7. Set 1: 1) h 2) d 3) a 4) g 5) f 6) e 7) b 8) cSet 2: 1) c 2) g 3) d 4) a 5) h 6) f 7) e 8) b8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of hischaracteristics that particularly f it with the value of MI

10、T.2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the moststimulating minds and inspiring role models, experience a life in acommunity with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and participatein various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the mostout of their MIT education.3) The t

11、hree of Da Vinci s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT tobe inherited by the students. She hoped that the new students wouldfollow Da Vinci as well as a great many extraordinary MIT teachers astheir role models to use their time to its fullest potential.4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mod

12、e of thinking that goes beyonddisciplinary boundaries in order to gain new ideas and freshperspectives.9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, normore simple, nor more to the purpose than Nature does. (Para. A)2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature be

13、came hisultimate standard in design. (Para. B)3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci and youwill use your time at MIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F)4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagementwith the most important problems of the world. (Para. G)5)

14、I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely satback and let things happen to them. (Para. H)10.Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their designand development of technologies.Exploring the Topic4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scienti

15、fic education isof vital importance.2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisiteto training individuals.3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out thefuture thinkers.4) How about examining our problems about science and technologyfrom a libe

16、ral arts perspective.5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch fromthe conventional divisions and departmental sections to dailyextracurricular multidisciplinary work.5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast “ College education has alwayshad the responsibility to . However, .

17、 we also see the growingimportance of producing . ”. The introduction of Reading 2 isinformative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers interest togo on reading.Integrated Exercises2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent(7) discipli ne (8) aspirati on (

18、9) in spire (10) perspective (11) in herit (12)gen erate3.The members of a word familyChin ese equivale ntin spire in spirati on in spired in spiri ngv.激励 n.灵感 adj.有灵感的gen erate gen erati on gen erative gen eratoradj.鼓舞人心的v.产生 n.一代 adj.有生产力的 n.发电机aspirati on aspire aspiri ngn.渴望 v.渴望 adj.有抱负的in heri

19、t in herita nce in heritor in heritedv.继承 n.继承物 n.继承人 adj.遗传的discipline disciplined disciplinaryn.纪律 adj.纪律严明的 adj.有关纪律的represe nt represe ntati on represe ntativev.代表 n.表现 n.代表者an atomist an atomy an atomicaln.解剖学家 n.解剖学 adj.解剖的speculate speculati on speculative speculatorv.推测 n.推测 adj.推测的 n.思索者cel

20、ebrate celebration celebrated celebrityintellect intellectual intelligence intelligentn.智力 adj.智力的 n.智慧 adj.有才智的collaborate collaborati on collaborativecollabotatorIn tegrate in tegrated in tegrati on(1) in spiri ng (2) gen erati on (3) collaborative (4) aspiri ng (5) In tellige nt(6) in herit (7) c

21、elebrity (8) speculated (9) represe ntative (10) an atomical4. (1) D (2) A (3) C (4) B (5) D (6) A (7) B (8) C (9) A(10) C5. (1) Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborat ing todevelop a new vacc ine.(2) The scie ntists experime nt gen erated an un expected outcome.(3) If the syste

22、ms are restructured, their effective ness will be ultimatelyin tegrated into the global economy.(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on thehead.(5) The murder trial attracted con siderable public atte nti on.(6) The aspirati on for college educati on in spires people i

23、n remote areasto work hard.(7) He inherited his parents fortune after their death.(8) He disregarded his father s advice and left college.(9) In this address, he asked the youn gsters, who embody the spirits ofthe n ati on, to join the campaig n.(10) The special diet in corporates many differe nt fr

24、uits and vegetables.7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for publicsafety.(2) Success, as he expla in ed, was nothing more tha n a con siste ntpursuit of art and good luck.(3) The new product has benef ited from research work at thecrossroads betwee n biological and medical st

25、udies.(4) It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher sbelief, which he claimed not to have heard about before.(5) The on e-m onth intense trai ning program prepared the teammembers well for possible emerge ncies.(6) The audie nee was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of t

26、hespeech delivered by theenvironmentalist.(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity tosample a different way of life.(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of themust-have/required skills in adapting to the fast-paced modern life.(9) More and more cou

27、ntries are bringing robots to bear on their variousproblems.(10)These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow theirown boundless interests well beyond the boundaries of conventionalbelief in obedient learning.8.A. (1) B (2) C (3) B (4) B (5) DB. As multidisciplinary design has become

28、 a trend in the industry, there is aneed for more emphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educationalinstitutions should take their role in training individuals who can functionin a collaborative environment and be prepared to face multifacetedprojects that they may not have been exposed to. How

29、ever, ouruniversities and colleges fail to shift from traditional divisions anddepartmental sections to multidisciplinary work being practiced on a dailybasis outside the classroom.C. 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) TD. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject(4) analyze a new pr

30、oblem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired(7) self-learner (8) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer(10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive(13) a new thesis topic (14) flexibility (15) style of leadershipUnit 2 The Scientific MethodKeys to the ExercisesAppr

31、oaching the Topic1. 1) The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigatingphenomena and acquiring knowledge, as well as correcting/integratingprevious knowledge. It involves gathering observable, empirical andmeasurable evidence, the collection of data through observation andexperimentat

32、ion, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.2) Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. Theythen conduct experiments to test these hypotheses. The steps taken inthe experiment must be capable of replication and the results emerge asthe same. What is discovered may lead t

33、o a new hypothesis.3) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivityis impossible.4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science usesour senses and our senses can be mistaken. We can never understandsomething as it really is because our very presence af

34、fects what is beingstudied.5) Science is both a body of knowledge and a process.2Science is exciting.3Science is useful.4Science is ongoing.5Science is reliable.6Science is a community endeavor.2. 1) c 2) g 3) e 4) f 5) a 6) d 7) h 8) k 9) b 10) i 11) j4. (1) aspects (2) process (3) satisfy (4) tech

35、nologies (5) puzzle(6) collection (7) evidence (8) ensure (9) diversity (10) professional6. 1) Science.2) It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats andmicroscopes, a scientist peering through a telescope, the launch of thespace shuttle, and so on.3) Science can discover the laws to

36、understand the order of nature.4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helpsensure that science moves towards greater accuracy andunderstanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity within thescientific community, which offers a range of perspectives on scientificideas

37、.5)Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations andobservations which “ verified ” the theories in question, but somegenuinely testable theories, when found to be false, are still upheld bytheir admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation on

38、ly at the priceof destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status.2) A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event isnon-scientific.3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations.They always fitted and were always confirmed.4) Light must be attracted by

39、heavy bodies (such as the sun).5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible withcertain possible results of observation in fact with results whicheverybody before Einstein would have expected.4. Set 1: 1) c 2) a 3) d 4) b 5) f 6) e 7) h 8) gSet 2: 1) b 2) e 3) a 4) f 5)

40、d 6) c 7) h 8) g5. Para. A (b) Para. B (c) Para. C (e)Para. D (e) Para. E (a) Para. F (d)6. 1) Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions.2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about theproblem.3) You shouldn t change the hypothesis. Instead, try to explain whatmi

41、ght have been wrong with your original hypothesis.4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientificmethod is that once you develop a hypothesis and a prediction, youshouldn t change it, even if the results of your experiment show that youwere wrong.5) Because there is a chance th

42、at you made a miscue somewhere alongthe way.7. Set 1: 1) c 2) a3) d 4) b5) f6) e7) h 8) gSet 2: 1) e 2) g3) a 4) f5) c6) b7) d 8) h8. 1) Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way ofcollecting information from any possible sources, which can serve as afoundation in verifying

43、 a theory. In this process, one should expect anevent which could refute the theory. Only through being refuted bynew observations which are incompatible with the theory could it befalsified,which ref lects its truescie ntific virtue.2) A hypothesis is a possible soluti on to a problem, based on kno

44、 wledgeand research, while a theory is a hypothesis con firmed by the researchfindin gs. Every theory cannot be applied to every situati on; otherwise, itis not a good theory.3) It is always possible to verify n early every theory, but that would rescuethe theory from refutation at the price of dest

45、roying, or at least loweringits scientific status.4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is notrefutable by any con ceivable eve nt is non-scie ntific.9. 1) Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem,you decide to learn moreabout what makes pla nts gr

46、ow. (Para. B)2) The experime nt that you will desig n is done to test the hypothesis.(Para. D)3) Through in formal, exploratory observati ons of pla nts in a garde n,those with more sun light appear to grow bigger. (Para. H)4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply becauseyo

47、ur results don t match up with your hypothesis. (Para. K)5) You cannot prove the hypothesis with a sin gle experime nt, becausethere is a cha nce that you made a miscue somewhere along the way.(Para. Q)10. Observatio n, the in itial stage of the research, requires a thorough understa nding of a rese

48、arch project you have chose n by collect ingadequate in formati on from various sources, and is followed by thenext stage known as hypothesis, an un complicated stateme nt thatdefi nes what you think the outcome of your experime nt will be.Explori ng the Topic4. 1) Science does not in clude expla na

49、ti ons based on no empirical evidence.2) The huma n n ature of scie nce, however, ren ders it un likely to befree of pers onal prejudices, misapprehe nsions, and bias.3) The scope of scie nce en compasses the whole uni verse and natural world.4) Scie nce is a process of decidi ng whether the acquire

50、d evide ncemay prove what is most likely to be correct curre ntly.5) It is not possible to prove a hypothesis with a single experiment, aschances are that a mistake was made somewhere in the process.In tegrated Exercises2. (1) additio nal (2) illustratein terpret (4) con duct (5) previousinvolve(7)

51、design (8) verify (9) reflect (10) collect (11) research (12) support3.The members of a word familyChin ese equivale ntacquire acquired acquisiti onv.获得 adj.获得的 n.获得物project projected project ing projectio nn.计划 adj.规划的 adj.突出的 n.规划method methodical methodology methodologicaln.方法 adj.有方法的 n.方法论 adj.

52、方法论的identify identifiable identification identity unidentifiableempirical empirically empiricismadj.凭经验的 adv .凭经验地 n.经验论confirm con firmati on con firmedv.确认 n.证实 adj.确认的approach approachable approachi ng unapproachablev.接近 adj.可接近的 adj.逼近的 adj.不易亲近的theory theoretical theoretically theoristn.理论 adj.

53、理论上的 adv 理论上地 n.理论家emphasis emphasize emphatic emphaticallyn.强调 v.强调 adj.强调的 adv 强调地achieve achievable achieved achieveme ntv.取得 adj.可以实现的adj.咼度元美的n.成就commit commitme nt托付给 n.承诺con stitute con stitue ncy con stitue nt con stituti oncon stituti onal con stitutivev 组成 n.选区 n.组成部分n.宪法 adj.宪法的 adj.构成的as

54、sume assumed assu ming assumpti onv 假定 adj.假装的 conj.如果 n.假定expose exposed exposurev.揭露 adj.裸露的 n.暴露logical illogical illogically logicia nadj.逻辑上的adj.不合逻辑的adv.不合逻辑地 n.逻辑学家(1) methodical (2) commitme nt (3) achievable (4) assume (5) illogical(6) exposure (7) constitutive (8) emphatic (9) confirmation

55、 (10) identity4. (1) A (2) B (3) A (4) D (5) A (6) B (7) C (8) A (9) D (10) B5. (1) This observati on motivated Newt on to develop a theory of gravity.(2) Other scholars attempt to approach the subject from an econo micalperspective.(3) Participating in the activity will provide one with an initial

56、taste of theobjectives of sociology.(4) Scien tists in sisted there was a rati onal expla nati on for the strange phe nomenon.(5) To most young people, higher educati on is nothing but a process ofacquiri ng kno wledge.(6) The study dem on strates the n ecessity of tak ing a much broaderview in the

57、matter.(7) The new car s desig n successfully in tegrates art and tech no logy.(8) China actually encoun tered the ide ntical stages of its developme ntin the early 1990s to the West.(9) The virus can spread to a docume nt or applicati on betwee ncomputers and ren der the computer useless.(10) If th

58、e susta in able developme nt of small econo mies is facilitated,their effective ness will be ultimately in tegrated into the globaleconomy.7. 1) We could not atte nd a conference without heari ng some talks aboutcha nge and challe nge.2) Things seem highly optimistic in the light of numerous reports

59、,especially from country districts.3) I am in favor of the argume nt that urba ni zatio n should be controlled properly.4) Someth ing slowly bega n to daw n on me I still loved what I did.5) My computer does not work because it was ren dered paralyzed bysome viruses.6) Experts are working on the pla

60、n in question. And they ll come to ananswer.7) A n ati onal curriculum framework is logically in compatible withpupil-ce ntered lear ning.8) For many women success is often achieved at the price of theirmarried life.9) Many attempts had bee n made before I successfully en tered a keyuni versity.10)